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  • Questions to Ask a Thailand PGT IVF Clinic: A Consultation Checklist

    Before choosing a clinic in Thailand for IVF with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), prepare a written list of questions. A good consultation should give you clear, specific answers about laboratory methods, cost structure, timelines, and how the team will communicate with you. This checklist covers the main areas to probe, so you can compare clinics on substance rather than marketing. Use it as a working document: add your own questions, note the answers, and follow up on anything vague.

    At a Glance

    • Ask about lab accreditation, PGT methods, and who performs the biopsy and analysis.
    • Request a written cost breakdown that separates medical, laboratory, medication, and administrative fees.
    • Clarify timelines for stimulation, biopsy, genetic testing, and embryo transfer.
    • Confirm how results and updates will be shared, and in what language.
    • Ask what happens if a cycle is cancelled or no embryo is suitable for transfer.

    Laboratory and PGT-Specific Questions

    The laboratory is central to PGT. Ask directly about the following:

    • Which PGT methods does the clinic offer (for example, PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR), and how does it decide which is appropriate?
    • Is the genetic testing performed in-house or sent to an external laboratory? If external, which one, and how are samples transported?
    • What accreditation or quality certifications does the laboratory hold? Ask for the specific names and issuing bodies.
    • Who performs the embryo biopsy, and what is their experience level?
    • What is the clinic’s policy on mosaic embryos? Does it transfer them, and under what circumstances?
    • How does the clinic handle inconclusive or failed test results?
    • What is the clinic’s typical embryo freezing and thawing protocol for biopsied embryos?

    If a clinic cannot answer these questions clearly, that is useful information. You are entitled to ask for details in writing.

    Pricing and Payment Questions

    Costs in Thailand vary by clinic, treatment plan, and medication needs. Rather than asking for a single “package price,” ask for a written breakdown of components. Questions to include:

    • What is included in the quoted price, and what is billed separately?
    • How are medication costs estimated, and do they vary by protocol or response?
    • Are there additional fees for genetic testing per embryo, biopsy, freezing, storage, or future transfers?
    • What is the payment schedule, and which currencies and payment methods are accepted?
    • What is the refund or credit policy if the cycle is cancelled, or if no embryos are available for transfer?
    • Does the clinic provide a written estimate before treatment begins?

    Ask for all figures in writing. Verbal estimates are difficult to compare and may not reflect your actual protocol.

    Timelines and Logistics

    PGT adds steps to an IVF cycle, so timelines matter for planning travel and time off work. Ask:

    • How long does the full process take, from initial consultation to embryo transfer?
    • How many days should I plan to stay in Thailand for monitoring, retrieval, and transfer?
    • Can any monitoring be done in my home country, and how are results shared with the clinic?
    • How long does genetic testing take, and does that affect the transfer schedule?
    • What is the clinic’s typical wait time for a first appointment?
    • How far in advance should I book treatment, and what are the busiest periods?

    Timelines can shift based on your response to medication and laboratory workload. Ask how the clinic communicates delays.

    Communication and Support

    Clear communication is especially important when you are travelling for care. Ask:

    • Who is my main point of contact, and how quickly do they typically respond?
    • What languages are spoken by the clinical and coordination teams?
    • Are consultations available by video or phone before I travel?
    • How will I receive test results and treatment updates?
    • Is there a patient portal or secure messaging system?
    • What support is available for arranging accommodation, transport, or interpreters?

    If you need a specific language or accessibility support, confirm it early rather than assuming it will be available.

    Medical Eligibility and Risk Questions

    Only a treating clinician can assess your individual situation. Still, you can ask how the clinic approaches decision-making:

    • What medical information do you need from me before recommending a plan?
    • What are the known risks of PGT and IVF in my situation?
    • What are the limits of PGT? For example, what can it not detect?
    • How do you counsel patients about uncertain or inconclusive results?
    • What alternatives to PGT should I consider?

    Be cautious of any clinic that guarantees a pregnancy, a live birth, or a specific number of embryos. Responsible providers discuss ranges and uncertainties.

    Clinic Vetting: Documents and Legal Questions

    Regulations and required documents can change. Ask the clinic to confirm current requirements in writing, and verify anything legal with the relevant authority. Questions to ask:

    • What identification, consent, or medical documents do I need to provide, and in what format?
    • Are there any legal restrictions on PGT or IVF that apply to my situation?
    • How does the clinic handle consent for embryo storage, testing, and disposal?
    • What is the clinic’s policy on confidentiality and medical records?
    • Can you provide names of accrediting bodies or patient support resources?

    Do not rely on a clinic’s summary as legal advice. If your situation involves legal questions, consult a qualified professional.

    How to Compare Clinics

    Use a simple table to organise answers. Below is a template you can fill in during or after each consultation.

    Topic Question Clinic A Clinic B
    Laboratory Which PGT methods are offered?
    Laboratory Is testing in-house or external?
    Pricing What is included in the quote?
    Pricing What is the refund policy?
    Timeline Total time from start to transfer?
    Communication Main contact and response time?
    Legal Required documents?

    Comparing written answers side by side helps you see which clinic is transparent and which is vague.

    Next Steps

    1. Write your top five questions in priority order.
    2. Request a video consultation with each shortlisted clinic.
    3. Ask for written answers to pricing and laboratory questions.
    4. Check the clinic’s accreditation claims independently where possible.
    5. Review our hospital directory and patient resources for more guidance.
    6. If you need help interpreting your options, contact us.
    7. Read our FAQ for general information about PGT and IVF in Thailand.

    Taking time to ask thorough questions can help you feel more informed and confident about your choice. No clinic can guarantee outcomes, but a clinic that answers clearly and honestly is a better partner for your care.

    Frequently asked questions

    What should I ask about the laboratory at a Thailand PGT clinic?

    Ask which PGT methods are offered, whether testing is done in-house or sent to an external laboratory, what accreditations the laboratory holds, who performs the embryo biopsy, and how the clinic handles inconclusive results. Request written details so you can compare clinics accurately.

    How can I compare costs between PGT clinics in Thailand?

    Ask each clinic for a written breakdown that separates medical fees, laboratory charges, medication costs, and administrative fees. Clarify what is included in any package and what is billed separately, and ask about refund or credit policies if a cycle is cancelled or no embryos are available for transfer.

    What timeline questions should I ask before travelling for PGT IVF?

    Ask how long the full process takes from consultation to transfer, how many days you need to stay in Thailand, whether monitoring can be done in your home country, how long genetic testing takes, and how the clinic communicates schedule changes.

    How do I know if a clinic is communicating clearly?

    A clear clinic will give you a named contact, respond to questions in a reasonable time, provide written answers to pricing and laboratory questions, and explain uncertainties rather than making guarantees. If answers are vague or evasive, consider that a warning sign.

    Can a clinic guarantee a successful pregnancy with PGT?

    No. PGT can provide information about embryos, but it cannot guarantee pregnancy, live birth, or a healthy child. Be cautious of any provider that promises specific outcomes. Responsible clinics discuss ranges, risks, and uncertainties.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT and IVF Success Rates in Thailand: What Testing Can and Cannot Change

    PGT does not guarantee a live birth, and it does not improve the quality of any single embryo. What it can do is give you and your clinician more information about which embryos are most likely to be chromosomally normal, so that the embryo chosen for transfer is selected on evidence rather than appearance alone. Whether that changes your personal chance of a live birth depends on your age, your reason for testing, how many embryos you have, and how your clinic reports its results. This guide explains the moving parts so you can ask better questions in Thailand.

    At a glance

    • PGT-A screens embryos for extra or missing chromosomes; it does not repair them.
    • PGT-M looks for a specific inherited condition known to run in a family.
    • PGT-SR looks at chromosome rearrangements such as translocations.
    • Testing may reduce the chance of transferring an embryo that is chromosomally abnormal, but it cannot promise pregnancy, live birth or a healthy child.
    • Age remains one of the strongest influences on both embryo chromosome status and live birth odds.
    • Success-rate figures are only comparable when the definitions behind them match.

    What PGT actually does

    Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is carried out on a small sample of cells taken from an embryo during IVF, usually at the blastocyst stage. The sample is analysed in a genetics laboratory, and the result is used to help decide which embryo(s) to consider for transfer.

    There are three main categories:

    • PGT-A (aneuploidy screening) — checks for an abnormal number of chromosomes. It is the type most often discussed in relation to IVF success rates.
    • PGT-M (monogenic disease) — looks for a specific gene variant linked to a known inherited condition in the family.
    • PGT-SR (structural rearrangement) — looks at chromosome rearrangements, such as a translocation, that may affect embryo viability.

    Each type answers a different question. PGT-A is a screening test, not a diagnosis of the embryo’s future. PGT-M and PGT-SR are more targeted and are usually considered when there is a specific family or genetic history.

    What PGT can and cannot change about live birth odds

    It helps to separate two ideas that are often mixed together.

    What PGT can change: the information available at the moment of transfer. If several embryos are available, testing may help identify those with a normal chromosome complement, so the transfer decision is based on more than embryo appearance or development speed.

    What PGT cannot change: the underlying biology of your eggs, sperm or embryos. Testing does not make an abnormal embryo normal, does not increase the number of usable embryos, and does not remove the many other reasons why an embryo may not implant or a pregnancy may not continue. It also cannot guarantee that a transferred embryo will lead to a live birth.

    This is why two patients with the same PGT result can have very different outcomes. The test is one input among many.

    How age interacts with PGT outcomes

    Age affects IVF in two connected ways. First, it influences how many eggs are available and how many become usable embryos. Second, it influences the proportion of those embryos that are chromosomally normal. Because PGT-A reports on chromosome status, its results tend to reflect these age-related patterns.

    In practical terms, this means:

    • Younger patients often have more embryos to test, which can make selection more meaningful.
    • Older patients may have fewer embryos, so there may be less to choose between — and sometimes no embryo suitable for transfer after testing.
    • A normal PGT-A result does not cancel out the effect of age on other factors, such as uterine environment or overall health.

    PGT is therefore not a way to “reset” age-related odds. It is a way to gather information within the limits of the embryos you have.

    How Thai clinics report success rates

    Success-rate figures are only useful if you know what is being counted. When you see a number described as a “PGT success rate” or “live birth rate”, ask which of the following it refers to:

    • The denominator — is it per cycle started, per egg retrieval, per embryo transfer, or per patient?
    • The numerator — is it a positive pregnancy test, a clinical pregnancy, an ongoing pregnancy, or a live birth?
    • The population — does it include all patients, or only a selected group such as younger patients or those with many embryos?
    • The testing strategy — were all embryos tested, or only some? Was a fresh or frozen transfer used?
    • The time period — rates can shift as laboratory methods and patient mix change.

    Two clinics can quote very different numbers while both being accurate, simply because they are measuring different things. A high figure based on a narrow, favourable group is not directly comparable with a lower figure based on all comers.

    Questions to ask a clinic in Thailand

    These questions are designed to help you compare like with like, and to understand what a clinic’s numbers actually describe.

    1. For patients similar to me — same age range, same reason for treatment — what outcomes do you typically see?
    2. How do you define and calculate your live birth rate? Per transfer, per retrieval, or per patient?
    3. Do your published or quoted figures include PGT and non-PGT cycles separately?
    4. What proportion of your PGT cycles result in no embryo available for transfer?
    5. Which PGT types do you offer, and who performs the genetic analysis?
    6. What are the limitations of PGT in my situation, and what would you recommend if I chose not to test?
    7. What are the costs of testing, and are they separate from the IVF cycle costs?
    8. What is your policy on counselling before and after PGT?

    Ask for the answers in writing where possible. A clinic that is comfortable explaining its definitions is usually easier to work with.

    Alternatives and limitations to consider

    PGT is one option, not the only one. Depending on your situation, you and your clinician may also discuss:

    • Transfer without PGT — using embryo development and morphology to guide selection.
    • Different transfer strategies — for example, fresh versus frozen embryo transfer.
    • Further diagnostic testing — such as carrier screening for you or your partner, which may change which PGT type is relevant.
    • Donor eggs or sperm — where these are legal and available, and where they fit your circumstances.

    Limitations to keep in mind:

    • PGT-A is a screening test and can occasionally give an unclear or inconclusive result.
    • Mosaic results — where some cells are normal and others are not — require careful interpretation and specialist advice.
    • Testing adds cost, time and laboratory steps to an IVF cycle.
    • No test can guarantee a healthy child or a successful pregnancy.

    Planning your next steps

    If you are weighing PGT as part of IVF in Thailand, a practical sequence looks like this:

    1. Clarify your reason for considering PGT — age, recurrent loss, family history, or something else.
    2. Ask whether PGT-A, PGT-M or PGT-SR is relevant to that reason.
    3. Request outcome data that matches your age range and situation, with clear definitions.
    4. Ask what happens if no embryo is suitable for transfer after testing.
    5. Confirm the full cost picture, including genetic counselling and any additional laboratory fees.
    6. Check how results and counselling will be communicated to you, especially if you are travelling from abroad.
    7. Take time to decide. PGT is a choice, not a requirement.

    For more context, see our guides on IVF success rates in Thailand, PGT in Thailand, and our patient guides. If you have a specific question, our FAQ may help.

    Frequently asked questions

    Does PGT improve IVF success rates?

    PGT can help select embryos with a normal chromosome complement for transfer, which may be useful in some situations. However, it does not guarantee pregnancy or a live birth, and it does not change the underlying quality of your embryos. Whether it improves your personal odds depends on your age, the number of embryos available, and your reason for testing. Discuss the expected benefit with your clinician.

    What is the difference between PGT-A, PGT-M and PGT-SR?

    PGT-A screens for abnormal chromosome number. PGT-M looks for a specific inherited condition known to run in a family. PGT-SR looks at structural chromosome rearrangements such as translocations. Each answers a different question, and the right one for you depends on your history and test results.

    How should I interpret success rates quoted by clinics in Thailand?

    Ask what the number measures: per cycle, per retrieval, per transfer, or per patient; whether it counts pregnancy or live birth; and which patients are included. Rates based on selected groups are not directly comparable with rates based on all patients. Request definitions in writing so you can compare fairly.

    Can PGT tell me whether my embryo will lead to a healthy baby?

    No. PGT provides information about chromosome number or a specific genetic variant, but it cannot predict all aspects of embryo development, pregnancy outcome or child health. It is one part of a broader clinical picture, and counselling can help you understand its limits.

    What happens if no embryo is suitable for transfer after PGT?

    This is a possible outcome, especially when few embryos are available. Ask your clinic in advance how they handle this situation, what alternatives exist, and what support or counselling is offered. Knowing the plan beforehand can help you prepare.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • Thailand PGT IVF: Answers to Common Questions for International Patients

    PGT (preimplantation genetic testing) in Thailand is a laboratory step added to an IVF cycle to examine embryos for specific chromosomal or genetic concerns before transfer. For international patients, the practical questions usually centre on five areas: what Thai law allows, how long testing takes, whether embryos can be frozen, whether retesting is possible, and how results are communicated. Because rules, laboratory capabilities, and timelines vary by clinic and can change, treat any general answer as a starting point for a direct conversation with the treating clinic and, where relevant, a qualified legal advisor in Thailand.

    At a glance

    • Legality: PGT is performed in Thailand, but the legal and ethical framework around assisted reproduction is specific and can change. Confirm current requirements with the clinic and a Thai legal professional.
    • Turnaround: Reported timelines vary by test type, laboratory workload, and shipping. Ask for a written estimate for your case.
    • Embryo freezing: Vitrification is widely used, but storage rules, consent, and fees are clinic-specific.
    • Retesting: Possible in some situations, but not guaranteed; it depends on embryo quality, prior test method, and laboratory policy.
    • Results communication: Ask who explains results, in what language, and whether a genetic counsellor is involved.

    Is PGT legal in Thailand for international patients?

    PGT is offered in Thailand, but the legal position is not a simple yes or no. Thai law and professional guidelines govern assisted reproductive technology, including what testing may be performed, for which indications, and under what consent and record-keeping requirements. These rules can be updated, and clinics may apply them differently depending on the patient’s situation.

    For international patients, the practical answer is: do not rely on forum posts or outdated summaries. Ask the clinic directly whether they currently offer the specific PGT test you are considering, what indications they accept, and what documents they require. If your situation involves legal questions about parentage, gamete use, or cross-border arrangements, speak with a qualified Thai legal professional rather than assuming the clinic can advise on law.

    How long does PGT take in Thailand?

    Turnaround time is one of the most common questions, and also one of the hardest to answer generally. The time from embryo biopsy to a result depends on several factors:

    • Test type: PGT-A (chromosomal screening), PGT-M (single-gene conditions), and PGT-SR (structural rearrangements) use different laboratory methods and can have different timelines.
    • Laboratory location: Some clinics perform testing in-house; others send samples to a partner laboratory, which adds transport time.
    • Workload and scheduling: Busy periods or batch processing can extend waits.
    • Embryo development: Biopsy timing depends on how embryos grow, which is not fully predictable.

    Rather than quoting a number, ask the clinic for a written estimate in your specific case, and ask what happens if results are delayed. If you are travelling, build flexibility into your plans.

    Can embryos be frozen after PGT in Thailand?

    Embryo freezing (cryopreservation), usually by vitrification, is a standard part of many IVF programmes, and PGT is often combined with a freeze-all approach so that transfer can be planned after results are available. However, the details are clinic-specific and worth confirming in writing:

    • Whether the clinic freezes biopsied embryos and at what stage.
    • Storage conditions, consent forms, and what happens if you move abroad or lose contact.
    • Storage fees, renewal terms, and the process for shipping or disposing of embryos.
    • Any legal limits on storage duration in Thailand.

    Do not assume that a quoted package includes long-term storage. Ask for the full schedule of fees and the consent documents before you start.

    Can embryos be retested or re-biopsied?

    Retesting is sometimes possible, but it is not a routine guarantee. Whether it can be done depends on:

    • Whether the original biopsy was adequate and whether remaining material is available.
    • The test method used and whether the laboratory can interpret a second sample.
    • The embryo’s condition and whether it survived thawing.
    • The clinic’s and laboratory’s policies on re-biopsy.

    If you are considering retesting, ask the clinic and the laboratory directly. Also ask what the limitations are: a second test may not resolve uncertainty, and it may not be recommended for all embryos.

    How are PGT results communicated to international patients?

    Results communication is a practical concern when you are not in Thailand. Ask the clinic to explain, before testing begins:

    • Who will contact you, by what method (secure email, phone, video call), and in what language.
    • Whether a genetic counsellor or specialist is available to explain the findings and their limits.
    • What the report will include and whether you receive a copy.
    • How long after results you need to decide about transfer or storage.
    • What happens if results are inconclusive or if no embryo is suitable for transfer.

    PGT results are probabilistic, not absolute. A “normal” result does not guarantee a healthy pregnancy, and an “abnormal” result does not always mean an embryo cannot be used in every situation. Make sure you understand the residual uncertainty before making decisions.

    Questions to ask a clinic before committing

    1. Which PGT tests do you offer, and for which indications?
    2. Is testing done in-house or sent to a partner laboratory? Where?
    3. What is the expected turnaround time for my case, and what could delay it?
    4. What are the total costs, including biopsy, testing, freezing, storage, and any retesting?
    5. What consent documents and identification do you require from international patients?
    6. Who explains results, and is genetic counselling available?
    7. What are your policies on embryo storage, shipping, and disposal?
    8. What happens if we disagree about embryo disposition?

    Next steps for your research

    Use this guide as a checklist, not a substitute for personalised advice. Start by clarifying your own medical indication for PGT with your treating physician, then compare clinics on the specific points above. For more context, see our PGT in Thailand overview, browse the FAQ section, explore our guides, or contact us with a specific question. Always confirm legal, financial, and clinical details directly with the clinic and, where needed, a qualified professional in Thailand.

    Frequently asked questions

    Is PGT IVF legal in Thailand?

    PGT is performed in Thailand, but assisted reproduction is regulated and rules can change. The safest approach is to ask the clinic directly about current requirements for your situation and to consult a qualified Thai legal professional if your questions involve parentage, gamete use, or cross-border arrangements.

    How long do PGT results take in Thailand?

    Turnaround varies by test type, whether testing is done in-house or sent to a partner laboratory, and laboratory workload. Ask your clinic for a written estimate for your specific case and build flexibility into travel plans.

    Can I freeze embryos after PGT in Thailand?

    Embryo freezing is commonly available, and many PGT cycles use a freeze-all approach. Storage rules, consent, fees, and any legal limits are clinic-specific, so request the full policy and fee schedule in writing before starting.

    Can PGT embryos be retested?

    Retesting is sometimes possible but not guaranteed. It depends on the original biopsy, the test method, embryo condition, and laboratory policy. Ask the clinic and laboratory directly about whether retesting is an option for your embryos and what its limitations are.

    How will I receive my PGT results if I am overseas?

    Ask the clinic to explain, before testing, who will contact you, by what secure method, in what language, and whether a genetic counsellor is available. Also ask what the report includes and how much time you have to decide about transfer or storage.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • Thailand IVF Clinic Review for PGT Patients: How to Weigh Patient-Reported Experience

    If you are comparing Thai IVF clinics for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), patient-reported reviews can be genuinely useful — but only when you read them as experience signals, not as proof of outcome. Reviews rarely tell you whether a clinic is clinically right for your case. They do tell you how other international patients experienced communication, PGT counseling, waiting times and aftercare. This guide explains how to use those themes, what public information is available for named providers, and which questions only the clinic can answer in writing.

    At a glance

    • Reviews are strongest as evidence about process and communication, not about success rates or eligibility.
    • PGT adds genetic-counseling and laboratory questions that general IVF reviews often miss.
    • Public provider profiles in Thailand vary in how much detail they publish about PGT scope, laboratory arrangements and pricing.
    • Any specific claim about your case, cost, timeline or legal position must be confirmed directly with the clinic.
    • Use reviews to build a shortlist and a question list — not to make a final decision.

    Why PGT reviews need a different reading lens

    PGT is not a single test. It covers several pathways, including PGT-A (aneuploidy screening), PGT-M (single-gene conditions) and PGT-SR (structural rearrangements). A clinic review that says “the PGT was fine” may be describing any of these, or none precisely. That is why PGT-focused reviews are more useful when they separate:

    • How the clinic explained which PGT pathway applied and why.
    • Whether genetic counseling was offered before and after testing.
    • How results were communicated, and by whom.
    • What happened when results were inconclusive or no transfer was possible.

    General IVF reviews often skip these points. When you read a review, look for whether the writer names the PGT type, the counseling step and the follow-up conversation. If those are missing, treat the review as partial.

    What public information exists for named Thai providers

    Public profiles differ widely. Some providers publish detailed service and laboratory information; others publish only a marketplace listing. The table below summarizes what approved public sources describe, so you can see where the evidence is strong and where it is thin. It is not a ranking and not a recommendation.

    Provider Publicly described focus PGT-related public detail What still needs direct confirmation
    Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center Hospital-based fertility center with reproductive endocrinologists, embryologists and an in-house embryology laboratory Published services include PGT-A; official fly-in packages reviewed in July 2026 list THB 335,000 from stimulation through embryo transfer and THB 456,000 with PGT and freezing for two embryos, stated as valid to 31 December 2026, with hospital terms and exclusions PGT-M and PGT-SR availability, genetic counseling process, current package inclusions and exclusions
    Bumrungrad International Hospital Large multidisciplinary hospital in central Bangkok; listing describes IVF, ICSI and reproductive medicine Listing names Dr. Phattaraphum Phophong and describes training in reproductive medicine and prenatal genetics Current fertility team, laboratory arrangements, PGT scope and pricing
    Gift Fertility Clinic Specialist fertility provider in Bangkok; listing describes personalized IVF-related care Listing names Dr. Waranya Sirithanasarn and reports 13 years of experience and more than 1,100 infertility treatments Treating doctor, laboratory, genetic-testing pathway and quotation inclusions
    Intrarat Hospital Multidisciplinary hospital; marketplace page primarily describes obstetrics and maternity services Listing names Dr. Orasa Teerakul, reports 31 years of experience, and describes ISO 9001:2015 certification Whether IVF, ICSI, embryo culture, PGT and international-patient services are available
    Jetanin Hospital Specialist fertility hospital in central Bangkok founded in December 1995; team spans reproductive physicians, embryologists, molecular geneticists, laboratory staff, nurses and counsellors Genetics laboratory describes PGT-A, PGT-M and PGT-SR using NGS and Sanger sequencing; embryo, genetics and sperm laboratories presented as in-house; states it became the first IVF centre in Southeast Asia accredited by both JCI and RTAC; facilities page describes ISO 15189 and ISO 15190 laboratory standards and annual quality-control audits Current certificate scope, named treating doctor, case-specific laboratory pathway and complete written quotation
    MedPark IVF Fertility and Genetics Center Center within MedPark Hospital in Bangkok; describes reproductive medicine, urology, infertility nursing and embryology support Published services include PGT-A, PGT-M and PGT-SR; describes ESHRE-certified embryologists, time-lapse incubation and AI-assisted embryo assessment; official page listed an IVF/ICSI package at THB 280,000 when reviewed Validity, medication, PGT, freezing, storage, transfer and exclusions in writing
    PMG Hospital General hospital in Bangkok; marketplace page describes prenatal care, obstetrics and 24-hour nursing Listing names Dr. Ronnapop Kongpia as a full-time obstetrics and gynaecology specialist and reports seven years of experience Whether IVF, ICSI, embryo culture, PGT and international-patient services are available
    Prime Fertility Clinic Located at Pearl Bangkok; listing describes IVF, ICSI, embryo freezing, assisted hatching and international-patient care Listing names Dr. Poonkiat Punyamitr and reports 19 years of experience and more than 900 fertility procedures; describes JCI Ambulatory Care accreditation Current services, inclusions and pricing in a written quotation
    Superior A.R.T. Thailand Specialist assisted-reproduction and genetics center in Bangkok, established 2007 Published materials emphasize IVF, ICSI and PGT pathways Treating doctor, current laboratory plan, PGT method, written package boundary and age-specific outcome definitions

    Notice how uneven the public detail is. For some providers, PGT scope is described; for others, it is not. That gap is itself useful information: it tells you what to ask about first.

    Four experience themes international patients report — and how to read them

    Across patient-reported accounts of Thai fertility care, four themes recur. Treat each as a prompt for your own questions, not as a verdict on any clinic.

    1. Communication and language

    International patients often comment on how clearly information was explained, whether interpreters were available, and whether written summaries were provided. In PGT care, communication matters more than usual because results are probabilistic and can be difficult to interpret. When reading reviews, ask:

    • Was there a named coordinator for international patients?
    • Were explanations given in writing, not only verbally?
    • Did the patient feel able to ask follow-up questions?

    2. PGT counseling

    PGT counseling is distinct from general IVF consent. It should cover what the test can and cannot detect, the possibility of inconclusive or mosaic results, and what happens to embryos that are not transferred. Reviews that mention counseling in detail are more informative than those that mention it only in passing. If a review does not mention counseling at all, that is a gap — not evidence that it was absent.

    3. Wait times and scheduling

    Wait times in reviews usually refer to appointment scheduling, time between consultation and cycle start, or time waiting for PGT results. These can vary by season, clinic workload and your protocol. Reviews give you a sense of what others experienced, but they cannot predict your timeline. Ask the clinic for a written indicative schedule with the caveat that it may change.

    4. Aftercare and follow-up

    Aftercare reviews often describe what happened after embryo transfer or after a negative result. For PGT patients, aftercare also includes how genetic results were explained and whether further counseling or referral was offered. Look for whether the reviewer describes a structured follow-up plan or only a single post-transfer contact.

    How to compare clinics using experience evidence

    Use consistent criteria so you are not swayed by one vivid review. A simple comparison grid can help:

    1. PGT scope: Which PGT pathways does the clinic publicly describe, and which apply to your indication?
    2. Counseling: Who provides genetic counseling, and at what points in the cycle?
    3. Laboratory: Is PGT performed in-house or sent to a partner laboratory? What accreditation applies to that laboratory?
    4. Communication: Is there a named international-patient contact and written summaries?
    5. Cost boundary: What does the quoted package include and exclude, and what triggers additional charges?
    6. Aftercare: What follow-up is offered after results and after transfer?

    Score each clinic on the same criteria using only what you can verify in writing. Where a clinic does not answer, note it as an open item rather than assuming the worst or the best.

    Questions to ask any PGT clinic before you commit

    • Which PGT pathway do you recommend for my situation, and why?
    • Who will explain the results to me, and will that explanation be in writing?
    • What happens if a result is inconclusive or if no embryo is suitable for transfer?
    • Is the PGT laboratory in-house or external, and what accreditation covers it?
    • What is the full written quotation, including medication, testing, freezing, storage, transfer and any exclusions?
    • What is the indicative timeline from first consultation to result discussion?
    • Who is my named point of contact for international-patient questions?

    Next-step checklist

    1. Shortlist three to five providers from the hospital library.
    2. Read the editorial comparison to understand how providers are presented, and remember it is an editorial comparison, not an outcome ranking.
    3. Read our editorial policy so you know how we handle evidence and commercial relationships.
    4. Request written answers to the questions above from each shortlisted clinic.
    5. Compare answers side by side before deciding.

    A note on what reviews cannot tell you

    Patient reviews cannot tell you your own chance of success, whether you are eligible for a particular treatment, what your final cost will be, or how Thai law applies to your situation. They also cannot confirm that a clinic’s current services match what a reviewer described months or years ago. Use reviews to generate questions, then get answers directly from the clinic in writing.

    Frequently asked questions

    Are patient reviews a reliable way to choose a PGT clinic in Thailand?

    Reviews are useful for understanding how other patients experienced communication, counseling, wait times and aftercare. They are not reliable for judging success rates, eligibility or final cost, because those depend on your individual case and on current clinic terms. Use reviews to build a shortlist and a question list, then confirm details directly with each clinic.

    What should I look for in a PGT-specific review?

    Look for whether the reviewer names the PGT pathway (such as PGT-A, PGT-M or PGT-SR), describes genetic counseling before and after testing, and explains how results were communicated. Reviews that mention only general IVF steps may not reflect the PGT-specific parts of care.

    How can I verify a clinic's PGT laboratory arrangements?

    Ask the clinic in writing whether PGT is performed in-house or through an external laboratory, and which accreditation applies to that laboratory. Public profiles vary in how much they disclose, so direct written confirmation is the most reliable approach.

    Do published prices for Thai IVF packages include PGT?

    Not always. Some published packages include PGT and freezing, while others cover only part of the cycle. Package validity, medication, testing, storage, transfer and exclusions vary, so request a complete written quotation that states exactly what is and is not included.

    Can reviews tell me whether I am eligible for PGT?

    No. Eligibility depends on your medical history, the reason PGT is being considered, and the clinic's clinical assessment. Only a qualified clinician can determine whether PGT is appropriate for your situation, and that assessment should be based on your own records and consultation.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT IVF Cost in Thailand: A Checklist for Comparing Quotes

    PGT IVF cost in Thailand is not a single number. It is a bundle of separate charges: the IVF cycle itself, embryo biopsy, genetic laboratory analysis, and often medication, monitoring, and freezing. Because clinics package these items differently, two quotes that look similar can cover very different things. This checklist helps you break a quote into its parts, spot what is missing, and ask the right questions before you compare.

    At a glance

    • PGT pricing usually has three layers: IVF cycle, biopsy, and genetic lab analysis.
    • Some clinics charge per embryo tested; others include a set number in a package.
    • Medication, monitoring, freezing, and storage are often separate.
    • Ask for a written, itemised quote with an expiry date.
    • Confirm what happens financially if no embryo is suitable for testing or transfer.

    Why PGT quotes are hard to compare

    Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is an add-on to an IVF cycle. The IVF part covers stimulation, egg retrieval, fertilisation, and embryo culture. The PGT part covers removing a few cells from each embryo (biopsy) and analysing them in a genetics laboratory. Some clinics perform biopsy in-house; others send samples to an external lab. That single difference can change both the price and the timeline.

    Quotes also vary in what they call a “package”. One clinic may bundle biopsy and testing into the cycle fee. Another may list them separately. A third may include a fixed number of embryos and charge extra beyond that. None of these approaches is automatically better — but you cannot compare them until you know which is which.

    Core cost components to look for

    When you review a quote, check whether each of these items is included, excluded, or optional. The categories below are the ones that most often appear as separate lines.

    1. IVF cycle and monitoring

    • Initial consultation and baseline ultrasound
    • Ovarian stimulation medication
    • Blood tests and ultrasound scans during stimulation
    • Egg retrieval procedure, including anaesthesia and theatre fees
    • Embryology laboratory work: fertilisation, embryo culture, and grading

    2. Embryo biopsy

    • Biopsy procedure itself, sometimes charged per embryo
    • Embryo handling and vitrification (freezing) before or after biopsy
    • Any additional lab consumables or micromanipulation fees

    3. Genetic laboratory analysis

    • Type of test: PGT-A (aneuploidy screening), PGT-M (monogenic/single-gene disorders), or PGT-SR (structural rearrangements)
    • Per-embryo analysis fee, or a package covering a set number of embryos
    • Shipping or handling if samples go to an external laboratory
    • Reporting and genetic counselling

    4. Embryo freezing and storage

    • Vitrification of biopsied embryos
    • First year of storage, and renewal fees thereafter
    • Cost to thaw and prepare an embryo for a future transfer

    5. Transfer and aftercare

    • Frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycle, if you are not doing a fresh transfer
    • Medication to prepare the uterus
    • Pregnancy test and early monitoring

    What quotes often include — and what they often leave out

    The table below is a comparison framework, not a price list. Use it to mark what your quote covers. If a row is unclear, that is a question for the clinic.

    Item Often included? What to confirm
    IVF cycle and monitoring Sometimes bundled Are scans and blood tests unlimited or capped?
    Stimulation medication Often excluded Is a medication estimate provided separately?
    Embryo biopsy Sometimes per embryo Is there a minimum or maximum charge?
    PGT-A / PGT-M analysis Usually separate How many embryos are covered? What is the per-embryo rate beyond that?
    Freezing and storage Often separate How long is storage included? What is the renewal fee?
    Frozen embryo transfer Usually separate Is a future FET cycle quoted now or later?
    Genetic counselling Varies Is it included before and after testing?

    Questions to ask before you compare quotes

    These questions are designed to surface the differences that matter. Ask them in writing so you have a record.

    1. Is this quote all-inclusive, or are there items I should expect to pay separately?
    2. How many embryos does the PGT fee cover, and what is the charge per additional embryo?
    3. Is the genetic analysis done in your laboratory or sent to an external one?
    4. What is the estimated cost of medication, and does it depend on my response to stimulation?
    5. What happens if no embryos are suitable for biopsy or testing — what portion is refundable or transferable?
    6. How long is the quote valid, and what could change it?
    7. Are there separate charges for freezing, storage, and a future frozen transfer?
    8. Does the quote include genetic counselling before testing and when results are returned?
    9. What payment methods do you accept, and are there currency or transfer fees?
    10. Can you provide a sample itemised invoice so I can see how charges are structured?

    How to build a like-for-like comparison

    Once you have itemised quotes, put them side by side using the same categories. A simple spreadsheet with one column per clinic and one row per cost component works well. Mark each cell as included, excluded, or unclear. Then total only the items that are genuinely comparable.

    Pay attention to the assumptions behind each quote. A lower headline figure may assume a fresh transfer, a set number of embryos, or no freezing. A higher figure may include storage and a future transfer cycle. Neither is wrong, but they are not the same product.

    Planning beyond the quote

    Cost is one part of planning. You will also want to think about travel, accommodation, time away from work, and how many visits the clinic expects. Ask how many trips are typically required and whether monitoring can be done locally between visits. These practical details affect your overall budget as much as the laboratory fees do.

    It also helps to understand the clinical pathway: what testing is recommended for your situation, what the results can and cannot tell you, and what decisions you might face afterwards. A clinic that explains this clearly is easier to compare on more than price alone.

    Next steps

    • Request written, itemised quotes from the clinics you are considering.
    • Use the questions above to fill in any gaps.
    • Build a like-for-like comparison table before you decide.
    • Confirm what is refundable, transferable, or time-limited.
    • Review our IVF cost in Thailand guide for broader planning context.
    • Visit patient resources for checklists and preparation tools.
    • Contact us if you would like help understanding your options.

    Frequently asked questions

    Does PGT cost more than standard IVF in Thailand?

    PGT is an additional step on top of an IVF cycle, so it usually adds cost. The exact difference depends on how many embryos are tested, whether biopsy and analysis are bundled, and what your clinic includes in its IVF quote. Ask for both figures separately so you can see the add-on clearly.

    Is PGT charged per embryo?

    Many clinics charge per embryo for biopsy and/or genetic analysis, while some include a set number in a package and charge extra beyond that. Ask how many embryos are covered and what the per-embryo rate is for additional ones.

    What is usually not included in a PGT IVF quote?

    Common exclusions include stimulation medication, embryo freezing and storage, a future frozen embryo transfer, and sometimes genetic counselling. Because clinics differ, treat this as a checklist to confirm rather than a fixed list.

    Can I get a refund if no embryos are suitable for testing?

    Policies vary. Some clinics offer partial refunds or credits for unused laboratory services; others do not. Ask specifically what happens if no embryos reach biopsy or testing, and get the answer in writing.

    How long is a PGT IVF quote valid?

    Validity periods differ by clinic and can change with laboratory fees or currency movements. Ask for the expiry date and what could cause the price to change before you start treatment.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • Thailand IVF Cost for International Patients: A Budget Planning Guide

    Planning IVF in Thailand as an international patient involves more than the clinic’s treatment fee. Your total budget will likely include medical costs, possible preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) add-ons, travel, accommodation, and currency exchange considerations. Because clinics set their own prices and packages vary, there is no single fixed cost. This guide explains the categories to plan for, the questions to ask when comparing quotes, and how to build a budget framework you can adapt to your own situation.

    At a glance

    • Treatment fees usually cover monitoring, egg retrieval, fertilization, and embryo transfer, but definitions vary by clinic.
    • PGT is often an add-on with separate charges for biopsy, testing, and sometimes embryo storage.
    • Travel, accommodation, and daily living costs can be a significant part of your total budget.
    • Currency exchange rates and payment methods affect what you actually pay.
    • Always ask for a written, itemized quote and clarify what is included, excluded, and subject to change.

    Why Thailand IVF costs vary

    IVF pricing in Thailand is not standardized across clinics. Factors that can influence the total include:

    • Clinic and laboratory: Different clinics have different fee structures, package inclusions, and overhead costs.
    • Treatment protocol: The medications, monitoring frequency, and procedures recommended for your case can change the total.
    • Add-on services: PGT, embryo freezing, storage, assisted hatching, or other laboratory techniques may be priced separately.
    • Number of cycles: Some patients plan for one cycle, while others may need more than one. Your budget should consider this possibility.
    • Your individual medical needs: Additional consultations, tests, or procedures may be required.

    Because of this variation, any figure you see online should be treated as a starting point for questions, not a guaranteed price. Ask each clinic for a detailed breakdown in writing.

    Main cost components of an IVF budget

    When building your budget, separate the costs into categories. This helps you compare quotes fairly and avoid surprises.

    1. Medical consultations and pre-treatment testing

    Before treatment, you may need consultations, blood tests, ultrasound scans, and other investigations. Some clinics include these in a package; others charge separately. Ask whether pre-treatment testing is included and whether any tests need to be done in your home country.

    2. IVF treatment cycle

    The core treatment fee typically covers:

    • Ovarian stimulation monitoring (blood tests and ultrasounds)
    • Egg retrieval procedure
    • Laboratory fertilization and embryo culture
    • Embryo transfer

    However, clinics may define a “cycle” differently. Some include medication in the package; others do not. Some include a certain number of monitoring visits; additional visits may cost more. Clarify exactly what is included in the quoted cycle fee.

    3. Medications

    Fertility medications can be a substantial part of the cost. Prices vary depending on the type, dosage, and duration of stimulation. Your protocol may change during the cycle, which can affect medication costs. Ask whether medications are included in the package or billed separately, and how price changes are handled.

    4. PGT (preimplantation genetic testing) add-ons

    PGT is not always part of a standard IVF cycle. If your clinic recommends it, ask for a separate quote that includes:

    • Embryo biopsy
    • Genetic testing per embryo or per batch
    • Embryo freezing and storage fees, if applicable
    • Any additional consultations related to PGT results

    PGT pricing structures differ: some clinics charge per embryo tested, others per cycle. Make sure you understand the unit of pricing.

    5. Embryo freezing and storage

    If you have extra embryos, you may choose to freeze and store them for future use. This usually involves an initial freezing fee and an ongoing storage fee, often charged annually or monthly. Ask about the storage duration covered and what happens if you need to extend it.

    6. Additional procedures

    Depending on your situation, additional procedures may be recommended, such as:

    • Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
    • Assisted hatching
    • Surgical sperm retrieval
    • Endometrial scratch or other uterine assessments

    These are often priced separately. Ask whether they are included in your package or would be added to your bill.

    Travel and accommodation costs

    International patients must also budget for travel and living expenses in Thailand. These can vary widely based on your home country, length of stay, and preferences.

    • Flights: Round-trip airfare for you and any companion. Prices depend on season, airline, and how far in advance you book.
    • Accommodation: You may need to stay near the clinic for several weeks during monitoring and procedures. Options range from hotels to serviced apartments. Consider proximity to the clinic to reduce travel time and cost.
    • Local transport: Taxis, ride-sharing, or public transit between your accommodation and the clinic.
    • Food and daily living: Meals, groceries, and other personal expenses.
    • Companion costs: If someone travels with you, include their expenses as well.

    Your length of stay depends on your treatment protocol. Ask your clinic for an estimated timeline so you can plan accommodation and flights accordingly. Keep in mind that timelines can change based on your response to treatment.

    Currency considerations for foreigners

    Thailand’s currency is the Thai baht (THB). If you are paying from a foreign bank account, you will need to consider:

    • Exchange rate fluctuations: The amount you pay in your home currency can change between the time you receive a quote and the time you pay. Some clinics may quote in THB or in another currency; clarify which currency the final bill will be in.
    • Payment methods: International credit cards, bank transfers, and cash may be accepted, but each may have different fees. Ask about accepted payment methods and any surcharges.
    • Bank fees: Your bank may charge foreign transaction fees or currency conversion fees. Check with your bank before you travel.
    • Refund and cancellation policies: Understand the clinic’s policy on refunds if treatment is cancelled or changed. Ask how refunds would be processed and in what currency.

    How to compare IVF quotes from different clinics

    When you receive quotes, don’t compare only the headline number. Use a consistent framework to evaluate what is included and what might be added later.

    Question to ask Why it matters
    What exactly is included in the quoted cycle fee? Prevents surprises if monitoring visits, medications, or procedures are billed separately.
    Are medications included? If not, what is the estimated range? Medication costs can vary significantly based on protocol and response.
    Is PGT included? If not, how is it priced (per embryo, per cycle)? PGT can add a substantial amount; pricing structure affects total cost.
    What are the fees for embryo freezing and storage? Storage is often an ongoing cost; clarify duration and renewal fees.
    What happens if my cycle is cancelled or converted? Understand refund policies and any non-refundable portions.
    Are there any additional costs I should anticipate? Helps you build a contingency fund.
    What currency will I be billed in, and what payment methods are accepted? Affects exchange rate risk and transaction fees.

    Building your budget framework

    Use the following steps to create a realistic budget:

    1. List all potential medical costs: Consultations, testing, treatment cycle, medications, PGT, freezing, storage, and any add-ons.
    2. Get written quotes from at least two clinics: Ask for itemized breakdowns so you can compare like with like.
    3. Estimate travel and living costs: Research flights, accommodation, and daily expenses for the expected duration of stay.
    4. Add a contingency fund: Treatment plans can change. Set aside an additional amount for unexpected costs.
    5. Consider currency exchange: Decide how you will pay and factor in potential exchange rate movements and bank fees.
    6. Review the total: Compare your total estimated budget against what you can comfortably afford. Consider whether you are prepared for the possibility of more than one cycle.

    Questions to ask your clinic before you commit

    • Can you provide a written, itemized quote that lists all included and excluded services?
    • How often do patients need additional monitoring or medication beyond the package?
    • What is your policy if I need to cancel or postpone treatment?
    • Do you offer any financial counseling or payment plans for international patients?
    • How do you handle billing in foreign currencies?
    • What support do you provide for travel and accommodation arrangements?

    Next steps

    Start by gathering information from clinics that interest you. Request itemized quotes and ask the questions above. Use our IVF cost in Thailand page for more context, and visit Patient Resources for planning tools. When you are ready to discuss your situation, you can contact us for guidance on next steps.

    Frequently asked questions

    How much does IVF cost in Thailand for international patients?

    There is no single fixed price. Treatment fees vary by clinic, protocol, and whether add-ons like PGT are included. You should request itemized quotes from clinics and compare what is included. Travel, accommodation, and currency exchange also affect your total budget.

    What is typically included in an IVF package in Thailand?

    Packages vary. Some may include monitoring, egg retrieval, fertilization, and embryo transfer. Medications, PGT, embryo freezing, and storage are often separate. Always ask for a written breakdown of inclusions and exclusions.

    How much should I budget for travel and accommodation?

    This depends on your home country, length of stay, and preferences. You will need to plan for flights, accommodation near the clinic, local transport, and daily living expenses. Ask your clinic for an estimated treatment timeline to help you plan.

    Are there any hidden costs I should be aware of?

    Potential additional costs include medications beyond the package, extra monitoring visits, PGT, embryo storage fees, and procedures like ICSI. Currency exchange fees and bank charges can also add up. A contingency fund is wise.

    Can I pay in my home currency?

    Most clinics bill in Thai baht. Some may accept other currencies or credit cards, but exchange rates and transaction fees apply. Clarify payment methods and currency with the clinic and your bank.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • IVF Process in Thailand for Foreigners: A Step-by-Step Timeline Guide

    For many international patients, the IVF process in Thailand follows a similar clinical path to IVF elsewhere, but with additional travel and coordination steps. A typical cycle involves a consultation, ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, laboratory fertilization and embryo culture, and embryo transfer. The exact timeline varies with your protocol, your response, and clinic scheduling. This guide maps the usual stages so you can plan your trip and know what to confirm with your treating clinic.

    At a glance

    • Core stages: consultation, stimulation, retrieval, lab, transfer.
    • Typical duration: a fresh IVF cycle often spans several weeks, but this varies.
    • Travel: some monitoring may be done locally before you travel.
    • Key to confirm: your protocol, required tests, and clinic schedule.

    Step 1: Consultation and pre-treatment planning

    Before any treatment, you will have a consultation with a fertility specialist. This may be in person or via telemedicine. The doctor will review your medical history, previous fertility treatments, and any test results you provide. They may also request additional tests, such as blood tests or a semen analysis, to assess your situation.

    During this stage, you should discuss your goals, ask about the clinic’s approach, and clarify what documents you need to bring. For international patients, it is also important to confirm how communication will work, including language support and how results will be shared.

    Typical duration: this planning phase can take days to weeks, depending on how quickly tests are completed and how you coordinate with the clinic.

    Step 2: Ovarian stimulation and monitoring

    Ovarian stimulation involves taking fertility medications to encourage multiple eggs to mature. Your clinic will prescribe a specific protocol, including the type, dose, and timing of medications. You will need monitoring visits, usually involving blood tests and ultrasound scans, to track your response.

    For foreign patients, some monitoring may be arranged with a local clinic in your home country before you travel to Thailand. This depends on your clinic’s policy and your comfort with coordinating care across providers. If you start stimulation in Thailand, you will need to stay for the monitoring period.

    Typical duration: stimulation usually lasts around 8 to 14 days, but this can vary based on your response and protocol.

    Step 3: Egg retrieval

    When your eggs are ready, the clinic will schedule an egg retrieval. This is a minor surgical procedure, usually performed under sedation or light anesthesia. The doctor uses a thin needle to collect eggs from the ovaries, guided by ultrasound. The procedure typically takes less than 30 minutes, and you will rest for a short time afterward.

    For international patients, it is important to plan for a day of rest after retrieval. You may need someone to accompany you home from the clinic.

    Typical duration: the retrieval itself is short, but you should allow a full day for the appointment and recovery.

    Step 4: Laboratory fertilization and embryo culture

    After retrieval, the eggs are fertilized in the laboratory, either by mixing them with sperm or by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), depending on your situation. The resulting embryos are cultured for a few days. During this time, the lab monitors their development.

    If you are using preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), a few cells may be removed from each embryo for testing. This can add time to the cycle because you may need to wait for results before transfer. Not all patients need PGT; your doctor will advise based on your circumstances.

    Typical duration: embryo culture usually takes 3 to 6 days. If PGT is performed, the wait for results can extend the timeline by one to two weeks or more.

    Step 5: Embryo transfer

    Embryo transfer is a simple procedure where one or more embryos are placed into the uterus using a thin catheter. It usually does not require anesthesia and takes only a few minutes. You may be advised to rest briefly afterward.

    Some patients have a fresh transfer during the same cycle, while others use a frozen embryo transfer (FET) in a later cycle. The decision depends on your medical situation, the embryo’s development, and whether genetic testing was done.

    Typical duration: the transfer appointment is short, but if you are doing a frozen transfer, you may need to wait for a subsequent cycle.

    Step 6: After transfer and follow-up

    After transfer, you will typically wait about 10 to 14 days before taking a pregnancy test. Your clinic will provide instructions on medications and activity. If you are traveling home, you may be able to have the test done locally and share the results with your clinic.

    If the cycle is unsuccessful, your doctor may recommend a follow-up consultation to discuss next steps.

    Planning your trip: what to consider

    When planning your IVF cycle in Thailand, consider the following:

    • Length of stay: How long will you need to be in Thailand? This depends on your protocol and whether you do a fresh or frozen transfer.
    • Monitoring: Can some monitoring be done in your home country? What are the clinic’s requirements for local monitoring?
    • Travel documents: Check visa and entry requirements with the relevant authorities. Your clinic may provide a letter for visa purposes, but requirements vary.
    • Costs: Ask for a detailed cost estimate covering consultations, medications, procedures, lab work, and any additional services. Costs vary by clinic and protocol.
    • Communication: Confirm how you will receive updates, especially if you return home before the pregnancy test.

    Questions to ask your clinic

    • What is the typical timeline for a cycle like mine?
    • Which tests do I need before starting, and can they be done locally?
    • How many days do I need to be in Thailand for each stage?
    • What are the costs involved, and what do they cover?
    • What support do you offer for international patients (e.g., language, travel advice)?
    • How do you handle monitoring if I start stimulation in my home country?
    • What are the options if the first cycle is not successful?

    Next steps

    To move forward, start by gathering your medical records and contacting a few clinics to discuss your situation. Use the questions above to compare their responses. Remember that your treatment plan will be personalized, so the exact steps and timeline may differ from this general guide. Always rely on your treating clinic for medical advice and specific instructions.

    For more information, see our guides on IVF in Thailand, the treatment process, and information for international patients.

    Frequently asked questions

    How long does an IVF cycle take in Thailand for foreigners?

    A fresh IVF cycle often takes several weeks from stimulation to transfer, but the exact duration varies based on your protocol, response to medication, and whether genetic testing is done. You should confirm the expected timeline with your clinic.

    Can I start IVF monitoring in my home country before traveling to Thailand?

    Some clinics allow partial monitoring locally, but this depends on their policy and your treatment plan. You will need to discuss this with your chosen clinic to ensure proper coordination.

    What documents do I need for IVF in Thailand as a foreigner?

    Document requirements vary. Typically, you may need a passport, medical records, and possibly a visa. Your clinic can guide you on what they require, but always check official government sources for entry and visa rules.

    Is the IVF process in Thailand different from other countries?

    The core medical steps are similar to IVF elsewhere. Differences may include clinic protocols, legal considerations, and coordination for international patients. Your clinic will explain their specific approach.

    What happens if I need a frozen embryo transfer?

    A frozen embryo transfer involves using embryos that were frozen after a previous cycle. This may require an additional trip to Thailand or coordination with your local clinic for monitoring. Your doctor will advise on the best timing.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • Thailand PGT IVF for International Patients: A Planning and Coordination Guide

    Planning PGT IVF in Thailand as an international patient involves more than choosing a clinic. You will need to coordinate remote consultations, transfer medical records securely, align travel with the biopsy and results timeline, arrange accommodation and communication support, and plan follow-up after you return home. This guide outlines the practical steps and questions to confirm directly with your treating clinic and, where relevant, with the appropriate authorities. It does not provide medical advice or guarantee any outcome.

    At a glance

    • Start with a remote consultation to clarify whether PGT is appropriate for your situation and what information the clinic needs.
    • Ask how records should be sent, who will review them, and how results will be shared with you.
    • Plan travel around the biopsy and results timeline, but confirm exact timing with your clinic because it varies by case.
    • Arrange accommodation and local transport with flexibility in case your schedule changes.
    • Agree on a communication plan, including who to contact and through which channel.
    • Plan follow-up with your home clinic before you travel, so care continues after you return.

    What PGT involves and why coordination matters

    Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a laboratory step that may be offered during IVF to examine embryos for certain genetic or chromosomal features before transfer. It is not a routine part of every IVF cycle, and whether it is suitable depends on your medical history, the reason for testing, and the clinic’s assessment. Because PGT adds laboratory work and waiting time, international patients often need to plan for a longer or differently structured trip than a standard IVF cycle.

    Coordination matters because several steps happen across different locations and time zones: your home clinic, the clinic in Thailand, the laboratory performing the testing, and you. Clear communication and realistic expectations about timelines can reduce stress and help you make informed decisions.

    Step-by-step planning timeline

    The following sequence is a general framework. Your clinic may adjust it based on your situation.

    1. Initial research and shortlisting. Identify clinics that offer PGT and accept international patients. Ask about their experience with your specific testing reason, but treat any claims cautiously until you confirm them directly.
    2. Remote consultation. Schedule a video or phone consultation. Prepare your questions and a summary of your medical history. Ask whether an in-person visit is required before treatment and what can be done remotely.
    3. Records transfer. Request that your home clinic send relevant records to the Thailand clinic. Ask about secure methods, language translation, and who will review the documents.
    4. Treatment planning. If you and the clinic decide to proceed, you will receive a plan that may include medications, monitoring, and the approximate timing of the egg retrieval, biopsy, and results.
    5. Travel arrangements. Book flights and accommodation with flexibility. Confirm the expected length of stay and whether any steps can be done locally before you travel.
    6. In-country coordination. On arrival, confirm appointments, contact persons, and how you will receive updates. Keep copies of your records and contact details.
    7. Biopsy and waiting period. The biopsy is typically performed on embryos in the laboratory. Results take time; ask your clinic how they will notify you and what the next steps are.
    8. Follow-up at home. Before you leave Thailand, ask for a discharge summary or relevant records to share with your home clinic. Confirm who will manage any ongoing care.

    Remote consultations: what to prepare and ask

    A remote consultation is often the first substantive contact. To make it useful, prepare a concise medical summary, including previous IVF cycles, test results, and any genetic testing you or your partner have had. Ask the clinic what documents they need and in what format.

    Questions to ask during a remote consultation:

    • Based on the information I have shared, is PGT something you would consider, and why?
    • What additional tests or records do you need before we can decide?
    • How many visits to Thailand would be required, and what is the approximate length of stay?
    • How do you communicate with international patients, and what is the expected response time?
    • What are the costs involved, and what do they cover? (Ask for a written breakdown.)
    • What are the clinic’s policies on privacy, data storage, and sharing results with my home clinic?
    • What happens if the cycle needs to be cancelled or adjusted?

    Transferring medical records securely

    Records transfer is a common bottleneck. Your home clinic may need a signed consent form to release records. Ask the Thailand clinic whether they require original documents, certified translations, or specific formats. Use secure methods for sending sensitive information; avoid unencrypted email if possible. Confirm who will review the records and when you can expect feedback.

    Keep a personal copy of all records, including test results and correspondence, in case you need to share them with another provider or your home clinic later.

    Timing your trip around biopsy and results

    The exact timeline for PGT depends on the laboratory’s process and your treatment plan. In general, the biopsy is performed on embryos in the laboratory, and results are available after a waiting period. Your clinic can give you an estimated range, but this is not a guarantee.

    When planning travel, consider:

    • Whether you need to be in Thailand for the entire waiting period or can return home and receive results remotely.
    • How you will be contacted with results and what time zone differences mean for communication.
    • Whether a follow-up visit is needed to discuss results and plan a transfer, if applicable.
    • How flexible your flights and accommodation are if the timeline shifts.

    Ask your clinic directly: “What is the typical sequence and timing for someone in my situation?” and “What factors could change this timeline?”

    Privacy, communication and staying coordinated from abroad

    Privacy is important when sharing medical information across borders. Ask the clinic how they store and transmit data, who has access, and whether they can communicate with your home clinic. If you use messaging apps, check whether they are secure enough for your comfort.

    Communication planning can prevent confusion. Agree on:

    • A primary contact person or coordinator at the clinic.
    • Preferred channel (email, phone, secure portal) and expected response times.
    • How urgent matters are handled outside office hours.
    • Whether an interpreter is available if needed.

    Keep a simple log of who you spoke to, when, and what was discussed. This can be helpful if you need to follow up.

    Accommodation, travel flexibility and practical logistics

    Choose accommodation that is convenient to the clinic and allows flexible cancellation or extension. Consider proximity to public transport, access to food that suits your needs, and a quiet place to rest. If you are traveling with a partner or companion, confirm that the accommodation suits both of you.

    Travel insurance may not cover IVF-related care; check the policy carefully. Also confirm entry requirements with the relevant embassy or official authority, as these can change. Do not rely on general advice for visa or legal matters; verify with official sources.

    Planning follow-up after you return home

    Before you leave Thailand, ask for a written summary of your treatment and any recommendations for follow-up. Share this with your home clinic. If you are continuing care at home, confirm who will coordinate it and how records will be transferred back.

    If you are considering a future cycle, ask the clinic what records you should keep and how long they retain your information.

    Questions to ask a clinic

    Use this checklist when speaking with any clinic:

    • What is your experience with PGT for my specific situation?
    • What are the steps, and which can be done remotely?
    • What records do you need, and how should they be sent?
    • What is the estimated timeline, and what could change it?
    • What are the costs, and what do they include?
    • How do you handle privacy and communication?
    • What support do you offer for travel and accommodation?
    • What follow-up do you recommend after I return home?

    Next-step checklist

    • Gather your medical records and a summary of your history.
    • Shortlist clinics and schedule remote consultations.
    • Ask about PGT suitability, timeline, and costs in writing.
    • Confirm how records will be transferred and reviewed.
    • Plan flexible travel and accommodation.
    • Agree on a communication plan and contact person.
    • Arrange follow-up with your home clinic before you travel.
    • Verify entry requirements with official sources.

    For more general information, see our pages for international patients, the treatment process, and patient resources.

    Frequently asked questions

    Can I do the initial consultation for PGT IVF in Thailand remotely?

    Many clinics offer remote consultations, but policies vary. Ask the clinic whether they can assess your situation remotely, what records they need, and whether an in-person visit is required before treatment. Confirm this directly with the clinic.

    How long do I need to stay in Thailand for PGT IVF?

    The length of stay depends on your treatment plan and the laboratory's timeline. It is not possible to give a general figure. Ask your clinic for an estimated range based on your situation, and plan flexible travel in case the timeline changes.

    How are medical records transferred to a clinic in Thailand?

    Your home clinic may need your consent to release records. The Thailand clinic can advise on preferred formats, translations, and secure transmission methods. Always keep a personal copy of your records.

    What should I ask about privacy and communication?

    Ask how your data is stored and shared, who has access, and how the clinic communicates with international patients. Agree on a primary contact, preferred channel, and expected response times.

    What follow-up is needed after I return home?

    Ask the clinic for a written summary of your treatment and any recommendations. Share this with your home clinic and confirm who will coordinate ongoing care. The specific follow-up depends on your situation.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT-A IVF in Thailand: A Guide to Chromosome Screening, Indications, and Embryo Transfer Decisions

    PGT-A (preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy) is a laboratory test that checks embryos created through IVF for an abnormal number of chromosomes. It is not a treatment that improves embryo quality, and it does not guarantee a pregnancy. Instead, it provides information that you and your clinician can use when deciding which embryo(s) to transfer. In Thailand, PGT-A is offered at some fertility clinics, but availability, laboratory arrangements, and eligibility criteria vary. This guide explains the general process, common indications, and the questions worth asking before you commit.

    At a glance

    • What it is: A test on a few cells taken from an embryo, usually at the blastocyst stage.
    • What it looks for: Extra or missing whole chromosomes (aneuploidy).
    • What it does not do: It does not fix embryo chromosomes, guarantee implantation, or rule out all genetic conditions.
    • Who may be offered it: Often discussed for older patients, recurrent miscarriage, repeated implantation failure, or after severe male factor infertility — but indications are individual.
    • Key decision point: Whether the information would change which embryo is transferred or whether you would consider transferring an embryo with a detected abnormality.

    What PGT-A actually tests

    Human embryos often have the wrong number of chromosomes. This is called aneuploidy. Most aneuploid embryos do not implant, or they may lead to miscarriage. A small number can result in a live birth with a chromosome condition such as Down syndrome, but many others stop developing before birth.

    PGT-A counts chromosomes. It does not read individual genes, so it cannot detect single-gene disorders like cystic fibrosis or Huntington’s disease. It also does not detect structural chromosome rearrangements such as translocations. Those require different tests: PGT-M for monogenic (single-gene) conditions and PGT-SR for structural rearrangements. If you have a known genetic condition in the family, your clinic may recommend PGT-M instead of, or in addition to, PGT-A.

    Common indications for PGT-A

    PGT-A is not routinely recommended for every IVF patient. Guidelines from professional bodies generally suggest it may be considered in specific situations, and the decision should be made with a qualified clinician who knows your history. Commonly discussed indications include:

    • Advanced maternal age: The chance of aneuploidy increases with age, so some clinics discuss PGT-A more often with older patients.
    • Recurrent pregnancy loss: If you have had multiple miscarriages, PGT-A may be one option to explore, though it does not explain all causes.
    • Repeated implantation failure: When several good-quality embryos have not led to pregnancy, some clinicians consider PGT-A.
    • Severe male factor infertility: Some evidence suggests a higher risk of chromosome abnormalities in embryos in these cases.
    • Previous pregnancy or child with a chromosome condition: PGT-A may be discussed, though the specific condition matters.
    • Patient preference after counselling: Some patients want as much information as possible before transfer, even without a specific indication.

    In Thailand, as elsewhere, not every clinic offers PGT-A, and some may have their own criteria. It is reasonable to ask why PGT-A is being recommended in your case and what the alternatives are.

    The PGT-A process in Thailand: step by step

    The exact sequence can vary by clinic, but the general pathway looks like this:

    1. IVF stimulation and egg retrieval: You undergo standard IVF, including medication to stimulate the ovaries and a procedure to collect eggs.
    2. Fertilisation and embryo culture: Eggs are fertilised in the laboratory and grown for several days, usually until the blastocyst stage (day 5 or 6).
    3. Embryo biopsy: A few cells are removed from the outer layer of the blastocyst (the trophectoderm), which will become the placenta. This is done by an embryologist. The embryo itself is not usually harmed, though biopsy carries a small risk and not all embryos survive the process.
    4. Sample preparation and testing: The biopsied cells are prepared and analysed, either at the clinic’s laboratory or at a partner genetics laboratory. The method may be next-generation sequencing (NGS) or another technique.
    5. Embryo freezing: In most cases, embryos are frozen after biopsy while waiting for results. This allows time for the test and for your uterus to be ready for transfer in a later cycle.
    6. Results and counselling: A genetic counsellor or your doctor explains the results. Embryos are usually classified as euploid (normal chromosome number), aneuploid (abnormal), or sometimes mosaic (a mix of normal and abnormal cells).
    7. Embryo transfer decision: If you have euploid embryos, one may be selected for transfer. If all embryos are aneuploid, transfer may not be recommended, and you may need to consider another cycle or other options.

    Timelines vary. Some clinics can return results within a few days; others may take longer depending on laboratory logistics. Ask your clinic for a realistic estimate.

    How results guide embryo transfer decisions

    The main purpose of PGT-A is to help choose which embryo to transfer. If you have several embryos, PGT-A may identify those with a normal chromosome number, which could improve the chance of a successful pregnancy per transfer. However, it does not guarantee success, and some euploid embryos still do not implant.

    If results show only aneuploid embryos, your clinician may advise against transferring them, as they are unlikely to lead to a healthy birth. Some clinics may discuss transferring mosaic embryos, but this is a complex area with ongoing debate. Mosaic results mean the biopsy found a mixture of normal and abnormal cells; the embryo may still be able to develop normally, but the evidence is not clear-cut. Your clinic should explain the uncertainties and help you weigh the options.

    It is also possible that PGT-A leaves you with no embryos to transfer. This is an important risk to consider before starting, both emotionally and financially.

    Limitations and alternatives

    PGT-A is a screening test, not a diagnostic one. It can produce false results, and it does not detect all genetic problems. It also does not improve the quality of your embryos; it only provides information. Some studies suggest PGT-A may not improve live birth rates for all patients, and it may reduce the number of embryos available for transfer.

    Alternatives include:

    • Transferring embryos without PGT-A: Many healthy babies are born from untested embryos.
    • Ultrasound and maternal blood screening during pregnancy: These can check for some chromosome conditions after pregnancy is established.
    • Diagnostic tests during pregnancy: Such as chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis, which are more invasive but can confirm a diagnosis.
    • PGT-M or PGT-SR: If you have a known single-gene disorder or structural rearrangement, these may be more appropriate.

    Discuss the pros and cons with a genetic counsellor or your fertility doctor. They can help you understand how PGT-A might apply to your specific situation.

    Questions to ask a clinic in Thailand

    Before choosing a clinic for PGT-A, consider asking:

    • Is PGT-A offered at this clinic, and which laboratory performs the testing?
    • What are the clinic’s criteria for recommending PGT-A? Do I meet them?
    • What is the biopsy timing and technique? Who performs it?
    • How are results reported, and what support is available to interpret them?
    • What happens if all embryos are aneuploid or mosaic?
    • What are the additional costs for biopsy, testing, and freezing?
    • How long does it take to get results?
    • What are the clinic’s success rates for PGT-A cycles, and how do they compare with untested cycles?

    Be cautious of any clinic that guarantees a baby or quotes success rates without context. No treatment can promise a live birth.

    Next steps

    If you are considering PGT-A in Thailand, start by gathering information and asking direct questions. You may wish to:

    • Review your medical history with a fertility specialist to see if PGT-A is relevant for you.
    • Ask for a written summary of the process, costs, and possible outcomes.
    • Consider speaking with a genetic counsellor, either at the clinic or independently.
    • Explore our PGT in Thailand page for more context, browse our guides, and check the FAQ for common questions.

    PGT-A is a personal decision. Take your time, ask for evidence, and choose a clinic that respects your questions and your autonomy.

    Frequently asked questions

    Is PGT-A required for IVF in Thailand?

    No. PGT-A is an optional test, not a required part of IVF. Whether it is offered or recommended depends on your medical history and the clinic's practice. Some patients choose IVF without PGT-A.

    Does PGT-A improve the chance of having a baby?

    PGT-A can help select embryos with a normal chromosome number for transfer, which may improve the chance per transfer in some situations. However, it does not guarantee a pregnancy or a healthy baby, and it may not improve live birth rates for all patients. Discuss the evidence with your clinician.

    What is the difference between PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR?

    PGT-A screens for extra or missing whole chromosomes (aneuploidy). PGT-M tests for a specific single-gene disorder, such as cystic fibrosis. PGT-SR tests for structural chromosome rearrangements, such as translocations. Your clinic can advise which, if any, is appropriate for you.

    What happens if PGT-A shows all embryos are abnormal?

    If all embryos are aneuploid, transfer is usually not recommended because they are unlikely to lead to a healthy birth. Your clinician will discuss options, which may include another IVF cycle, using donor eggs or sperm, or choosing not to pursue further treatment. This is a difficult situation, and counselling support is important.

    Can PGT-A detect all genetic problems?

    No. PGT-A only looks at chromosome number. It does not detect single-gene disorders, structural rearrangements, or many other genetic conditions. It also cannot predict all aspects of a child's health.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT-M in Thailand: A Practical Workflow Guide for Carriers of Single Gene Disorders

    PGT-M (preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders) is an IVF add-on that aims to identify embryos affected by a specific inherited single gene disorder before transfer. In Thailand, the practical workflow usually involves four stages: genetic counseling and test design, building and validating a family-specific probe, an IVF cycle with embryo biopsy, and genetic analysis of the biopsied cells. PGT-M is not a guarantee of a healthy child, and it is not suitable or necessary for every couple. It is one option among several, and its value depends on your specific gene variant, family history, and reproductive goals.

    At a glance

    • PGT-M is designed for a known single gene disorder in the family, not for general screening.
    • It requires a custom laboratory test (a probe or assay) built around your family’s specific variant.
    • Probe development and validation usually happen before the IVF cycle starts.
    • PGT-M does not replace prenatal testing or guarantee a particular outcome.
    • Timelines, costs, and legal details vary and must be confirmed directly with your clinic and relevant authorities.

    What PGT-M is and is not

    PGT-M looks for a specific, already-identified genetic change. It is different from PGT-A, which counts chromosomes to look for numerical abnormalities, and from PGT-SR, which is used when there is a known structural chromosome rearrangement. PGT-M is targeted: the laboratory is not scanning the whole genome for every possible problem. It is checking whether each embryo has inherited the particular variant that runs in your family.

    Because of that, PGT-M cannot rule out all genetic conditions. It does not detect new (de novo) changes that were not part of the original test design, and it does not guarantee a pregnancy, a live birth, or a child without health issues. It also does not replace diagnostic testing during pregnancy if that is recommended by your doctor.

    Who typically considers PGT-M

    PGT-M is usually discussed when at least one partner is a known carrier of a single gene disorder, or when a couple has a child or family history affected by a condition with a known genetic cause. Common categories include autosomal recessive conditions (where both partners may be carriers), autosomal dominant conditions (where one partner is affected or carries the variant), and X-linked conditions.

    Whether PGT-M is appropriate for you depends on the specific condition, the variant, the inheritance pattern, and your personal circumstances. This is a clinical and genetic counseling decision, not something to determine from a website alone.

    The PGT-M workflow, step by step

    Step 1: Genetic counseling and confirmation of the variant

    The process usually begins with genetic counseling. A counselor or clinical geneticist reviews your family history, confirms the exact gene and variant involved, and explains inheritance patterns and reproductive options. If the variant has not been confirmed in your family, testing may be needed first. Without a confirmed variant, a PGT-M probe generally cannot be designed.

    This stage is also where alternatives are discussed, which may include accepting the natural chance, using donor gametes, prenatal diagnosis, or choosing not to pursue PGT-M. These are personal decisions, and counseling is meant to support informed choice rather than push one path.

    Step 2: Probe design and development

    A PGT-M test is custom-built. The laboratory designs a probe (also called an assay) that can detect your family’s specific variant in a small number of cells taken from an embryo. Because embryo biopsy yields very little DNA, the test often uses linked genetic markers around the gene to improve reliability. This is sometimes called haplotyping.

    Probe development can take time, and it may require DNA samples from family members, such as both partners and sometimes an affected or unaffected relative. The laboratory needs enough informative markers to distinguish affected from unaffected embryos. If family samples are limited, the process can be more complex or, in some cases, not feasible.

    Step 3: Probe validation

    Before clinical use, the probe is validated. Validation checks that the test performs reliably on the relevant DNA and that it can correctly identify the variant and linked markers. Some laboratories also use a reference sample or a previously affected pregnancy sample to confirm accuracy. Validation is a quality step, not a guarantee of a successful pregnancy.

    Step 4: IVF cycle and embryo biopsy

    Once the probe is ready, an IVF cycle is planned. Eggs are retrieved and fertilized, and embryos are cultured. At a suitable stage, typically day 5 or day 6, a few cells are biopsied from each embryo. The biopsied cells are sent for genetic analysis, and the embryos are usually frozen while results are pending.

    Step 5: Genetic analysis and results

    The laboratory analyzes the biopsied cells using the validated probe. Results are typically reported as affected, unaffected, or carrier (for recessive conditions), depending on the inheritance pattern and the test design. Some embryos may have no result or an inconclusive result. Your clinic and genetic counselor should explain what each result means for your family and what the limitations are.

    Step 6: Transfer and follow-up

    Embryos identified as unaffected (or, in some cases, carriers) may be considered for transfer. Transfer decisions are clinical and personal. Even after PGT-M, your doctor may recommend confirmatory testing during pregnancy, because no test is perfect. Follow-up care and genetic counseling remain part of the process.

    Timeline: what to expect

    PGT-M timelines vary widely depending on the condition, the laboratory’s workload, and whether family samples are available. As a general orientation, the workflow often includes:

    Stage What happens Typical considerations
    Genetic counseling Confirm variant, discuss options May require records or additional testing
    Probe design Laboratory builds a custom assay Depends on variant and family samples
    Validation Test performance is checked Adds time before the IVF cycle
    IVF cycle Stimulation, retrieval, fertilization, biopsy Standard IVF timeline applies
    Analysis Biopsied cells are tested Results may take days to weeks
    Transfer Embryo transfer and follow-up Depends on results and clinical advice

    Exact durations are not fixed and should be confirmed with your clinic. Some laboratories can begin probe work while you prepare for IVF, but this depends on the provider.

    Laboratory capability in Thailand

    Thailand has a number of IVF laboratories, and some offer PGT-M. Capability varies by laboratory, including experience with specific conditions, access to family samples, and the genetic analysis platforms used. There is no single national standard that applies to every clinic, and not every laboratory can build a probe for every condition.

    When researching, ask whether the laboratory performs PGT-M in-house or sends samples abroad, how many PGT-M cases they handle, and whether they have experience with your specific gene and variant. These are reasonable questions, and a transparent clinic should be able to answer them.

    Questions to ask a clinic

    • Do you offer PGT-M for my specific gene and variant?
    • Is the probe built in your laboratory or sent to another facility?
    • What family samples do you need, and what if they are not available?
    • How long does probe development and validation usually take?
    • What are the possible results, and what does an inconclusive result mean?
    • What are the limitations of PGT-M for my condition?
    • What are the costs, and what is included or excluded?
    • What are the legal and regulatory requirements for treatment in Thailand?
    • Do you provide genetic counseling, and who will explain the results?
    • What follow-up testing do you recommend during pregnancy?

    Limitations and alternatives

    PGT-M has limitations. It cannot detect all genetic conditions, it may not be possible if the variant is not confirmed or if family samples are insufficient, and it does not guarantee a healthy child. Some embryos may be mosaic or have no result. The test is also not a substitute for prenatal diagnosis.

    Alternatives include natural conception with or without prenatal testing, donor gametes, adoption, or choosing not to pursue testing. These options have different implications, and genetic counseling can help you weigh them.

    Next steps

    1. Gather your genetic test reports and family history details.
    2. Speak with a genetic counselor or clinical geneticist about your specific variant.
    3. Ask clinics about their PGT-M experience and laboratory arrangements.
    4. Confirm timelines, costs, and legal requirements directly.
    5. Consider how you would use each possible result before starting.

    For more general information, see our PGT in Thailand overview and guides. You can also check our FAQ for common questions.

    Frequently asked questions

    What is the difference between PGT-M and PGT-A?

    PGT-M looks for a specific single gene disorder that is known to run in your family. PGT-A counts chromosomes to look for numerical abnormalities, such as an extra or missing chromosome. They are different tests with different purposes, and some patients may be offered one or both depending on their situation.

    How long does the PGT-M process take in Thailand?

    Timelines vary widely. Probe development and validation can take weeks or longer, and the IVF cycle itself follows a standard timeline. The total duration depends on your specific variant, the laboratory's workload, and whether family samples are available. Your clinic can give you a more specific estimate after reviewing your case.

    Can PGT-M guarantee a healthy baby?

    No. PGT-M reduces the chance of transferring an embryo affected by the specific condition being tested, but it cannot guarantee a pregnancy, a live birth, or a child without health issues. It does not detect all genetic conditions, and confirmatory testing during pregnancy may still be recommended.

    What if I don't have family samples for probe development?

    Family samples, especially from both partners and sometimes a relative, can help the laboratory build a more reliable probe. If samples are limited, probe development may be more complex or, in some cases, not feasible. A genetic counselor or laboratory can explain your options.

    Is PGT-M available for all single gene disorders in Thailand?

    Not necessarily. Laboratory capability varies, and not every laboratory can build a probe for every condition. You will need to ask clinics directly whether they have experience with your specific gene and variant, and whether they perform the test in-house or send samples elsewhere.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.