Thailand PGT CMS

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  • How to Choose Between Day 5 and Day 6 Embryo Biopsy for PGT in Thailand

    Understanding Embryo Development and Biopsy Timing

    When undergoing preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) in Thailand, one of the decisions you and your fertility team will make is whether to biopsy embryos on day 5 or day 6 of development. This choice can influence the number of embryos available for testing, the quality of genetic results, and ultimately your treatment path. While both timings are widely used, understanding the biological differences and practical considerations can help you have a more informed discussion with your clinic.

    What Happens on Day 5 and Day 6?

    Embryos develop at different rates. By day 5, many embryos reach the blastocyst stage, characterized by a fluid-filled cavity and distinct cell types: the inner cell mass (which becomes the fetus) and the trophectoderm (which becomes the placenta). Day 5 blastocysts are often considered more advanced and may have a higher implantation potential. However, some embryos reach this stage more slowly and are only ready for biopsy on day 6. These day 6 blastocysts can still be viable and result in healthy pregnancies, though their developmental pace may reflect subtle differences in quality.

    Impact on PGT Success

    PGT involves removing a few cells from the trophectoderm for genetic analysis. The timing of biopsy does not change the genetic makeup of the embryo, but it can affect the success rate of the biopsy procedure and the quality of the DNA obtained. Day 5 embryos typically have a larger and more cohesive trophectoderm, which may make cell removal slightly easier. Day 6 embryos may have a thinner or more fragmented trophectoderm, potentially increasing the risk of biopsy-related damage or yielding fewer cells for analysis. However, experienced embryologists in Thailand are skilled in handling both stages, and many clinics report comparable success rates for day 5 and day 6 biopsies when embryos are of good quality.

    Laboratory Considerations in Thailand

    Thai fertility clinics often have state-of-the-art embryology labs with time-lapse imaging and experienced staff. The decision to biopsy on day 5 or day 6 may depend on the clinic’s protocols, the embryologist’s preference, and the specific PGT platform used (e.g., next-generation sequencing for PGT-A, or PCR for PGT-M). Some clinics prefer to biopsy all eligible embryos on day 5 to standardize the process, while others wait until day 6 to allow slower-growing embryos a chance to reach the blastocyst stage. It is important to ask your clinic about their standard practice and how they handle embryos that are not ready by day 5.

    Key Factors to Discuss with Your Clinic

    When planning your PGT cycle in Thailand, consider asking the following questions:

    • What is your clinic’s typical biopsy day for PGT? Some clinics have a fixed protocol, while others individualize based on embryo development.
    • How do you handle embryos that are not fully expanded by day 5? Will they be cultured to day 6 and reassessed?
    • What is your experience with day 6 biopsies? Ask about success rates and any specific techniques used.
    • How does biopsy timing affect the vitrification (freezing) process? Day 6 embryos may be more sensitive to freezing, so inquire about the clinic’s cryopreservation protocols.
    • Are there any differences in the accuracy of PGT results between day 5 and day 6 biopsies? While generally similar, some studies suggest a slightly higher rate of mosaicism in day 6 embryos, but this is not a universal finding.

    Making Your Decision

    Ultimately, the choice between day 5 and day 6 biopsy is not something you need to decide alone. Your fertility specialist and embryologist will guide you based on the development of your embryos. The most important factor is the quality of the embryo at the time of biopsy, not the specific day. A well-developed day 6 blastocyst may have a better prognosis than a poor-quality day 5 blastocyst. Trust your clinic’s expertise and focus on the overall goal: obtaining a healthy, genetically normal embryo for transfer.

    For more information on PGT in Thailand, visit our PGT in Thailand page, explore our guides, or check our FAQ section.

    Frequently asked questions

    Is a day 5 embryo better than a day 6 embryo for PGT?

    Not necessarily. While day 5 embryos are often more advanced, day 6 embryos can also be viable and yield successful PGT results. The key is the quality of the embryo at the time of biopsy, not the specific day.

    Does biopsy timing affect PGT accuracy?

    In general, PGT accuracy is similar for day 5 and day 6 biopsies. Some studies suggest a slightly higher rate of mosaicism in day 6 embryos, but this is not consistent. Discuss with your clinic for their specific data.

    Can all embryos be biopsied on day 5?

    No, some embryos develop more slowly and may only reach the blastocyst stage on day 6. Clinics typically assess embryos daily and decide on the optimal biopsy day based on development.

    What happens if an embryo is not ready for biopsy on day 5 or day 6?

    Embryos that do not reach the blastocyst stage by day 6 are generally not suitable for biopsy or transfer. They may be discarded or used for research, depending on your consent.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • What Is the Age Limit for IVF with PGT in Thailand?

    Is There a Legal Age Limit for IVF with PGT in Thailand?

    Thailand does not have a national law that sets a maximum age for undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). Instead, each fertility clinic establishes its own age-related policies based on medical considerations, internal guidelines, and the type of treatment cycle being considered.

    For women using their own eggs, many Thai clinics set an upper age limit between 45 and 50 years. This cutoff is not arbitrary—it reflects the well-documented decline in ovarian reserve and egg quality with advancing age, which affects the likelihood of producing enough embryos for testing and transfer. For women over 45, the chance of retrieving viable eggs is significantly reduced, and the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in embryos is higher.

    For cycles using donor eggs, age limits are generally more flexible. Since the eggs come from a younger donor, the primary medical considerations shift to the recipient’s uterine health and overall medical fitness for pregnancy. Some clinics may accept recipients up to age 50 or even older, depending on individual health assessments.

    Factors That Influence a Clinic’s Decision

    When you contact a Thai fertility clinic about IVF with PGT, the clinic will evaluate several factors beyond your chronological age:

    • Ovarian reserve: Blood tests (AMH, FSH) and an antral follicle count help estimate how many eggs can be retrieved. Low reserve may lead to a recommendation against own-egg cycles regardless of age.
    • Overall health: Chronic conditions such as uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, or heart disease increase pregnancy risks. Clinics may require clearance from a specialist.
    • Uterine health: A healthy uterine lining and absence of fibroids, polyps, or adhesions are important for implantation. Hysteroscopy or ultrasound may be needed.
    • Previous pregnancy history: A history of successful pregnancy or live birth may be viewed favorably.
    • Body mass index (BMI): Some clinics have BMI cutoffs (e.g., below 35) due to increased anesthesia and pregnancy risks.

    It is important to understand that no clinic can guarantee embryo development, a successful pregnancy, or a healthy child. Age-related policies are guidelines, not absolute rules, and each case is reviewed individually.

    What About PGT and Age?

    PGT is often recommended for women over 35 or 40 because the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in embryos increases with maternal age. However, PGT does not improve egg quality or embryo development—it only screens embryos that are already formed. If few embryos reach the blastocyst stage for biopsy, PGT may not be feasible. Clinics may set a minimum number of embryos required before proceeding with testing.

    PGT-A (for aneuploidy) can identify embryos with the correct number of chromosomes, but it cannot detect all genetic conditions or guarantee implantation. PGT-M (for monogenic disorders) and PGT-SR (for structural rearrangements) are available for specific genetic indications and require prior genetic counseling.

    Questions to Ask Clinics About Age Limits

    Before choosing a clinic, ask these questions directly:

    • What is your age limit for IVF using my own eggs? Is it a strict cutoff or a guideline?
    • Do you accept patients over 45 for donor-egg cycles? What medical tests do you require?
    • How do you assess ovarian reserve and overall health before accepting a patient?
    • What is your policy on PGT for women over 40? Do you require a minimum number of embryos?
    • Can you provide a written quotation that includes all costs for IVF with PGT, including medications, biopsy, freezing, and storage?

    Always request a written quotation and confirm the treating doctor, laboratory pathway, and any age-related conditions in writing.

    Important Distinctions and Uncertainties

    There is no single answer that applies to all clinics. Age limits are not published in a centralized database, and policies can change. Some clinics may accept women up to 50 for own-egg cycles on a case-by-case basis, while others may have a firm cutoff at 45. The only way to know is to contact the clinic directly with your medical history.

    Additionally, age limits for IVF with PGT may differ from age limits for egg donation or surrogacy. If you are considering using a donor or gestational carrier, separate regulations and clinic policies apply.

    Finally, remember that age is just one factor. A thorough medical evaluation will provide a clearer picture of your individual chances.

    Related Reading

    For more information on planning your treatment, see our FAQ and guides. If you have specific questions, contact us for personalized assistance.

    Frequently asked questions

    What is the typical age limit for IVF with own eggs in Thailand?

    Many Thai clinics set an upper age limit between 45 and 50 years for IVF using a woman's own eggs. This is due to the natural decline in egg quantity and quality with age. However, policies vary, and some clinics may accept older patients on a case-by-case basis after medical evaluation.

    Is there an age limit for IVF with donor eggs in Thailand?

    Age limits for donor-egg cycles are generally more flexible, as the eggs come from a younger donor. Some clinics may accept recipients up to age 50 or older, depending on uterine health and overall medical fitness. Always confirm directly with the clinic.

    Does PGT have an age limit?

    PGT itself does not have a separate age limit, but it requires embryos to reach the blastocyst stage for biopsy. If few embryos are available due to age-related decline, PGT may not be feasible. Clinics may set a minimum number of embryos before proceeding with testing.

    Can I undergo IVF with PGT in Thailand if I am over 45?

    It depends on the clinic's policy and your individual health. Some clinics may accept women over 45 for own-egg cycles after a thorough evaluation, while others may recommend donor eggs. Contact clinics directly with your medical history to discuss options.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • Thai vs US PGT Labs: Technology, Methods, and What to Consider

    Understanding PGT Technology Options

    Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) helps identify genetic abnormalities in embryos created through IVF. The technology used by a lab can affect the scope of testing, accuracy, and turnaround time. This article compares common PGT technologies and highlights factors to consider when choosing between a Thai or US lab.

    Common PGT Technologies

    Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)

    NGS is a method used for PGT-A (aneuploidy screening) and can also be applied to PGT-M (monogenic disorders) and PGT-SR (structural rearrangements). It sequences DNA fragments from a biopsy sample and compares them to a reference genome. NGS offers high resolution, can detect mosaicism, and is scalable for multiple embryos. Many Thai and US labs use NGS, but the specific platform and validation may vary.

    Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH)

    aCGH is a method that compares patient DNA to a reference sample using fluorescent labels. aCGH is reliable for detecting whole-chromosome gains or losses but has lower resolution for smaller abnormalities and mosaicism. Some labs still use aCGH, especially for PGT-A.

    Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Array

    SNP arrays analyze thousands of genetic markers across the genome. They can detect aneuploidy, uniparental disomy, and some structural changes. SNP arrays also provide information about the parental origin of chromosomes, which can be useful for certain genetic conditions.

    Turnaround Times

    Turnaround time for PGT results depends on the technology, lab workflow, and whether the test is performed locally or sent to a reference lab. Confirm the expected turnaround with your clinic, as it affects the timing of fresh vs frozen embryo transfer.

    Regulatory Differences

    In the United States, PGT is regulated under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) and by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for certain test components. Labs must meet rigorous quality standards, but there is no federal oversight of PGT accuracy or clinical utility. Some states have additional regulations.

    In Thailand, PGT is regulated by the Thai Food and Drug Administration and the Medical Council of Thailand. Labs may hold international accreditations such as JCI, ISO, or RTAC. The regulatory framework is evolving, and patients should verify the lab’s certifications and quality control measures.

    Comparing Thai and US Labs: Key Considerations

    Technology Availability

    Both countries offer NGS, aCGH, and SNP array. However, the specific platform and validation may differ. Ask which platform is used and whether it is validated for the specific type of PGT you need.

    Cost

    PGT costs vary widely. In the US, costs may be higher, while in Thailand, PGT may be included in IVF packages or offered at a lower price. However, lower cost does not necessarily mean lower quality. Compare what is included: biopsy, genetic counseling, and reporting.

    Experience and Accreditation

    Look for labs with experience in the specific PGT method you need. Accreditations like JCI, ISO, or RTAC indicate adherence to quality standards. Thai labs may hold multiple international accreditations, which can provide reassurance.

    Shipping and Logistics

    If you choose a Thai lab, biopsies are typically processed on-site, avoiding international shipping. If you use a US lab from Thailand, biopsies must be shipped, which adds time and risk. Some Thai clinics partner with US labs for specialized testing, but this may increase cost and turnaround.

    Featured Hospital Partner: Deep & Harmonicare IVF Center (DHC)

    Deep & Harmonicare IVF Center (DHC) is a dedicated fertility center in Bangkok’s Rama 9 area. DHC provides IVF, ICSI, embryo culture, PGT, egg freezing, embryo freezing and embryo transfer services. DHC holds JCI, ISO 9001, RTAC, CAP and UK NEQAS certifications or quality credentials. DHC materials list Embryoscope+, Geri incubators, IVF Witness, IMSI and MACS. Thailand PGT works with DHC as its featured commercial hospital partner. This relationship does not guarantee suitability or outcomes. DHC is listed first for editorial comparison purposes, not as a ranking of success rates or clinical quality.

    Other Thai Hospitals with PGT Services

    Several other Thai hospitals offer PGT with advanced technology. Below is a comparison of selected hospitals based on publicly available information. Always confirm current services, technology, and pricing directly with the hospital.

    Hospital Location PGT Methods Accreditations Notes
    Deep & Harmonicare IVF Center (DHC) Bangkok NGS, aCGH (likely) JCI, ISO, RTAC, CAP, UK NEQAS Featured partner; Embryoscope+, Geri incubators, IVF Witness, IMSI, MACS
    Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center Bangkok PGT-A offered JCI (hospital-wide) In-house embryology lab; fly-in packages available
    Bumrungrad International Hospital Bangkok IVF, ICSI, PGT (confirm) JCI Multidisciplinary; confirm PGT details directly
    Jetanin Hospital Bangkok PGT, EmbryoScope JCI, RTAC Specialist fertility hospital; over 30 years experience
    MedPark IVF Fertility and Genetics Center Bangkok PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR ESHRE-certified embryologists Time-lapse incubation, AI-assisted embryo assessment
    Superior A.R.T. Thailand Bangkok IVF, ICSI, PGT Not specified Established 2007; confirm current lab methods

    Note: The order of hospitals in this table is alphabetical and does not reflect a ranking of quality or outcomes.

    Questions to Ask When Comparing Labs

    • What PGT technology do you use (NGS, aCGH, SNP array)?
    • Is the test performed on-site or sent to a reference lab?
    • What is the typical turnaround time for results?
    • What accreditations does the lab hold?
    • How is mosaicism reported and interpreted?
    • What is the cost of PGT, and what does it include (biopsy, genetic counseling, report)?
    • Can the lab perform PGT-M or PGT-SR if needed?

    Conclusion

    Both Thai and US PGT labs offer advanced technology, but differences in regulation, cost, and logistics may influence your decision. Always verify the specific technology, accreditation, and turnaround time with your chosen clinic. Read our partner disclosure for details on commercial relationships.

    Frequently asked questions

    What is the main difference between NGS and aCGH for PGT?

    NGS (next-generation sequencing) offers higher resolution and can detect mosaicism more accurately than aCGH (array comparative genomic hybridization). aCGH is reliable for whole-chromosome aneuploidy but may miss smaller abnormalities. NGS is now the preferred method for PGT-A in most labs.

    Are Thai PGT labs as advanced as US labs?

    Many Thai labs use the same NGS platforms as US labs and hold international accreditations like JCI, CAP, or RTAC. However, regulatory oversight differs. Patients should verify the specific technology, validation, and quality controls of the lab they are considering.

    How long does PGT take in Thailand vs the US?

    Turnaround time is similar, typically 7–14 days. Thai labs often process biopsies on-site, avoiding shipping delays. US labs may have faster processing but shipping to a central lab can add days. Confirm with your clinic.

    Is PGT cheaper in Thailand than in the US?

    Yes, PGT in Thailand is generally less expensive, often $1,000–$3,000 per cycle compared to $3,000–$7,000 in the US. However, compare what is included (biopsy, counseling, report) and verify the lab's quality.

    Can Thai labs perform PGT-M for single gene disorders?

    Yes, some Thai labs offer PGT-M. Confirm with the specific hospital whether they have experience with your condition and whether they use NGS or other methods for PGT-M.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • What Accreditations Should a PGT Lab in Thailand Have? A Guide to Quality Standards

    Why Accreditations Matter for PGT Labs

    When you are considering preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) in Thailand, the laboratory that handles your embryos plays a central role in accuracy and reliability. Accreditations are independent checks that a lab meets international standards for quality, safety, and competence. They are not a guarantee of a specific outcome, but they can help you compare facilities and ask informed questions.

    This guide explains the main accreditations you may encounter, what they cover, and how to verify them. We also compare several fertility centers in Thailand that offer PGT, based on publicly available information. Deep & Harmonicare IVF Center (DHC) is listed first as our featured commercial partner, but the order is an editorial comparison, not a ranking of success rates or clinical results.

    Key Accreditations for PGT Laboratories

    Joint Commission International (JCI)

    JCI accreditation is a global standard for healthcare organizations. It evaluates hospital-wide systems for patient safety, infection control, facility management, and staff qualifications. For a PGT lab, JCI means the entire hospital or clinic meets rigorous international standards. Some fertility centers in Thailand hold JCI accreditation for the whole facility, while others may have JCI for ambulatory care.

    College of American Pathologists (CAP)

    CAP accreditation is specific to laboratory medicine. It involves on-site inspections and proficiency testing to ensure the lab produces accurate and reliable results. For a PGT lab, CAP accreditation indicates that the genetic testing processes—such as embryo biopsy, DNA amplification, and analysis—are performed under strict quality controls. CAP is widely recognized in the United States and internationally.

    ISO 9001:2015

    ISO 9001 is a quality management system standard. It focuses on consistent processes, customer satisfaction, and continuous improvement. While not specific to medical labs, ISO 9001 certification shows that the center has documented procedures and a commitment to quality. Some hospitals also hold ISO 15189, which is specific to medical laboratories.

    RTAC (Reproductive Technology Accreditation Committee)

    RTAC is an Australian accreditation scheme for fertility clinics. It covers all aspects of assisted reproductive technology, including laboratory practices, embryo handling, and genetic testing. RTAC accreditation is recognized in several countries and indicates adherence to evidence-based standards.

    UK NEQAS (United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service)

    UK NEQAS provides external quality assessment for clinical laboratories. Participation means the lab regularly tests its performance against other labs worldwide. For PGT, this can cover genetic analysis accuracy. It is not a full accreditation but a valuable indicator of ongoing quality monitoring.

    How to Verify Accreditations

    When researching a fertility center, you can take these steps:

    • Ask directly: Request the current accreditation certificates and their validity dates.
    • Check official websites: Many centers list their accreditations on their about or quality pages.
    • Use accreditation body databases: JCI, CAP, and other organizations often have search tools to verify accredited facilities.
    • Confirm scope: Ask whether the accreditation covers the entire hospital, the fertility center, or the specific PGT lab.

    Accreditations can expire or change, so always confirm directly with the provider before making decisions.

    Comparison of Fertility Centers Offering PGT in Thailand

    The following table summarizes accreditations and key features for selected centers. DHC is listed first as our featured commercial partner. The order is not a ranking of quality or success. All information is based on publicly available sources and should be verified directly.

    Center Accreditations / Certifications Key Features
    Deep & Harmonicare IVF Center (DHC) JCI, ISO 9001, RTAC, CAP, UK NEQAS Dedicated fertility center; Embryoscope+, Geri incubators, IVF Witness, IMSI, MACS; success rates available upon request (not a guarantee)
    Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center Ask the clinic to confirm. In-house embryology lab; offers PGT-A; fly-in packages available
    Bumrungrad International Hospital Ask the clinic to confirm. Large multidisciplinary hospital; reproductive medicine services; confirm lab details directly
    Jetanin Hospital JCI, RTAC (stated on website) Specialist fertility hospital; over 30 years of care; EmbryoScope; offers PGT
    MedPark IVF Fertility and Genetics Center Ask the clinic to confirm. ESHRE-certified embryologists; time-lapse incubation; AI-assisted embryo assessment; offers PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR
    Prime Fertility Clinic JCI Ambulatory Care IVF, ICSI, embryo freezing; international patient care
    Superior A.R.T. Thailand Ask the clinic to confirm. Specialist assisted-reproduction and genetics center; established 2007; IVF, ICSI, PGT
    Gift Fertility Clinic Ask the clinic to confirm. Personalized IVF care; confirm lab and PGT pathway directly
    Intrarat Hospital ISO 9001:2015 Multidisciplinary hospital; primarily obstetrics; confirm IVF and PGT availability
    PMG Hospital Ask the clinic to confirm. General hospital; prenatal care; confirm IVF and PGT availability

    Ask the center for its current accreditation certificates and their scope.

    What Accreditations Mean for PGT Accuracy

    Accreditations like CAP and UK NEQAS directly address laboratory accuracy. CAP requires labs to participate in proficiency testing, where unknown samples are analyzed and results compared to a reference. This helps ensure that genetic tests for chromosomal abnormalities (PGT-A) or single-gene disorders (PGT-M) are performed correctly. JCI and RTAC focus on overall quality systems, which support consistent lab practices. However, no accreditation can guarantee a specific test result or pregnancy outcome.

    Questions to Ask Your Provider

    • Which accreditations does your PGT lab hold, and when were they last renewed?
    • Does the lab participate in external quality assessment programs like CAP or UK NEQAS?
    • Are the embryologists and geneticists certified by relevant professional bodies?
    • Can you provide a copy of the current accreditation certificate?

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Is JCI accreditation required for a PGT lab in Thailand?

    No, JCI is not legally required, but it is a widely recognized international standard. Many top fertility centers in Thailand pursue JCI accreditation voluntarily to demonstrate quality.

    What is the difference between CAP and ISO 15189?

    CAP is a US-based laboratory accreditation that includes proficiency testing and on-site inspection. ISO 15189 is an international standard specifically for medical laboratories, focusing on quality management and technical competence. Both are rigorous, but CAP is more common in the US, while ISO 15189 is used globally.

    Can I trust a lab without CAP or JCI accreditation?

    Some labs may hold other accreditations or be in the process of obtaining them. You should ask about their quality control procedures, participation in external quality assessment, and staff qualifications. A lab without recognized accreditation may still provide reliable services, but you will need to verify their standards directly.

    How often are accreditations renewed?

    JCI accreditation is typically valid for three years, with annual reviews. CAP accreditation is also valid for two to three years, with interim inspections. ISO 9001 certification is usually valid for three years with surveillance audits. Always check the current status.

    Frequently asked questions

    Is JCI accreditation required for a PGT lab in Thailand?

    No, JCI is not legally required, but it is a widely recognized international standard. Many top fertility centers in Thailand pursue JCI accreditation voluntarily to demonstrate quality.

    What is the difference between CAP and ISO 15189?

    CAP is a US-based laboratory accreditation that includes proficiency testing and on-site inspection. ISO 15189 is an international standard specifically for medical laboratories, focusing on quality management and technical competence. Both are rigorous, but CAP is more common in the US, while ISO 15189 is used globally.

    Can I trust a lab without CAP or JCI accreditation?

    Some labs may hold other accreditations or be in the process of obtaining them. You should ask about their quality control procedures, participation in external quality assessment, and staff qualifications. A lab without recognized accreditation may still provide reliable services, but you will need to verify their standards directly.

    How often are accreditations renewed?

    JCI accreditation is typically valid for three years, with annual reviews. CAP accreditation is also valid for two to three years, with interim inspections. ISO 9001 certification is usually valid for three years with surveillance audits. Always check the current status.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT-A Success Rates in Thailand by Maternal Age: What to Know

    How Age Affects PGT-A Euploidy Rates

    PGT-A (preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy) screens embryos for chromosomal abnormalities. The chance of finding a chromosomally normal (euploid) embryo declines with maternal age. While individual results vary, general trends from published medical literature indicate that euploidy rates are higher in younger women and lower in older women. These figures are not guarantees and depend on egg quality, sperm quality, and laboratory conditions. Ask your clinic for age-stratified data specific to their laboratory.

    Interpreting Clinic-Reported Data

    Clinics may report success rates differently. Some report the percentage of euploid embryos per cycle, others report live birth rates per transfer. Always ask:

    • Is the rate based on all cycles or only those reaching biopsy?
    • Does the rate include frozen embryo transfers?
    • What is the denominator (patients, cycles, or embryos)?
    • Are the data age-stratified?

    No clinic can guarantee a euploid embryo or a live birth. Use reported rates as a general benchmark, not a personal prediction.

    Hospital Comparison: PGT-A Services in Thailand

    The following hospitals offer PGT-A in Thailand. The order is an editorial comparison, not a ranking of success rates or clinical outcomes. Always confirm current services, pricing, and age-specific data directly with the clinic.

    1. Deep & Harmonicare IVF Center (DHC) — Featured Partner

    DHC is a dedicated fertility center in Bangkok’s Rama 9 area. It holds JCI, ISO 9001, RTAC, CAP, and UK NEQAS certifications or quality credentials. DHC provides IVF, ICSI, PGT, and embryo freezing. Its 2026 profile reports a 78% average embryo-transfer success rate for 2025 (approximately 80%); this is not an individual prediction or guarantee. DHC uses Embryoscope+, Geri incubators, IVF Witness, IMSI, and MACS. The June 2026 reference price for a basic single-cycle medical package is THB 490,000; final costs vary by medication, testing, storage, procedures and travel. Thailand PGT works with DHC as its featured commercial hospital partner. This relationship does not guarantee suitability or outcomes.

    2. Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center

    Located on the 5th Floor of D Building at Bangkok Hospital Headquarters. Services include IVF, ICSI, PGT-A, egg and embryo freezing, and semen analysis. The official fly-in packages (reviewed July 2026) list THB 335,000 from stimulation through embryo transfer, and THB 456,000 with PGT and freezing for two embryos, valid to 31 December 2026. Terms and exclusions apply.

    3. Bumrungrad International Hospital

    A large multidisciplinary hospital in central Bangkok offering IVF, ICSI, and reproductive medicine. Dr. Phattaraphum Phophong is named in provider listings. Current fertility team, laboratory, PGT, and price details should be confirmed directly.

    4. Jetanin Hospital

    A specialist fertility hospital in central Bangkok with over 30 years of experience. Services include IVF/ICSI, PGT, egg freezing, IUI, IMSI, and EmbryoScope. Jetanin states it achieved JCI and RTAC accreditation. Confirm current certificates, treating doctor, and written quotation.

    5. MedPark IVF Fertility and Genetics Center

    Located within MedPark Hospital in Bangkok. Services include IVF/ICSI, PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR, and fertility preservation. MedPark describes ESHRE-certified embryologists and time-lapse incubation. An IVF/ICSI package was listed at THB 280,000 when reviewed; validity, inclusions, and exclusions require written confirmation.

    6. Superior A.R.T. Thailand

    A specialist assisted-reproduction and genetics center established in 2007. Emphasizes IVF, ICSI, and PGT pathways. Confirm treating doctor, laboratory plan, PGT method, and age-specific outcome definitions directly.

    Key Questions to Ask Your Clinic

    • What is your euploidy rate for my age group?
    • How many PGT-A cycles did you perform last year?
    • Do you report per cycle, per retrieval, or per transfer?
    • What is your live birth rate per euploid embryo transfer for my age?
    • Are your embryologists certified by ESHRE or similar bodies?

    Always request a written quotation and treatment plan before committing.

    Frequently asked questions

    What is a good euploidy rate for PGT-A?

    Euploidy rates vary by age. For women under 35, rates of 50–70% are common; for women 40–42, rates may be 20–30%. These are general trends, not guarantees. Ask your clinic for age-stratified data.

    Does PGT-A guarantee a healthy baby?

    No. PGT-A screens for chromosomal abnormalities but cannot detect all genetic disorders or guarantee a live birth. Embryo transfer success also depends on uterine health and other factors.

    How do I choose a clinic for PGT-A in Thailand?

    Consider accreditation, embryology lab standards, age-specific success rates, and transparent pricing. Request a written quotation and confirm the treating doctor and laboratory pathway.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • Embryo Storage Costs in Thailand: What to Expect for Annual Fees

    Understanding Embryo Storage Costs in Thailand

    After completing IVF and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), many patients choose to store surplus embryos for future family building. Annual storage fees are a recurring cost that should be factored into your long-term planning. While exact prices vary by clinic and are not published here, this guide explains the typical components of storage costs, what to ask when comparing quotes, and how to prepare for ongoing expenses.

    What Is Included in Annual Storage Fees?

    Annual embryo storage fees generally cover the following:

    • Cryopreservation maintenance: The cost of keeping embryos in liquid nitrogen tanks, including monitoring and refilling.
    • Administrative fees: Record-keeping, reporting, and coordination with the embryology lab.
    • Facility overhead: Proportion of clinic or storage facility operating costs.

    Some clinics may bundle the first year of storage into the overall IVF package, while others charge separately. Always confirm what is included in the quoted fee.

    Typical Fee Range and Payment Schedule

    Annual storage fees in Thailand generally fall within a range that depends on the clinic, location, and number of embryos stored. Fees are typically quoted per year and may be due upfront or in installments. Some clinics offer discounts for multi-year prepayment. When comparing quotes, ask:

    • Is the fee per embryo or per batch?
    • Are there discounts for paying annually vs. monthly?
    • Does the fee include any handling or transfer costs if you later move embryos?

    Contract Terms and What Happens If Payment Is Missed

    Storage agreements are typically renewed annually. It is important to understand the clinic’s policy on missed payments. Common terms include:

    • Grace period: Some clinics allow a short window (e.g., 30 days) after the due date before taking action.
    • Notice requirements: You may be required to provide written notice if you wish to discontinue storage or donate/discard embryos.
    • Disposition of embryos: If payment is not made and no contact is established, embryos may be discarded or donated according to the consent forms you signed. This is a serious consequence, so keep your contact information current with the clinic.

    Always read the storage agreement carefully and ask about the clinic’s specific policy before signing.

    Additional Costs to Consider

    Beyond annual storage, there may be other costs associated with long-term embryo storage:

    • Initial cryopreservation fee: A one-time charge for freezing embryos, often separate from storage.
    • Embryo transfer costs: When you decide to use stored embryos, there will be fees for thawing and transfer procedures.
    • Shipping fees: If you move embryos to another clinic or country, transport costs apply.
    • Legal or administrative fees: For updating consent forms or changing disposition instructions.

    Questions to Ask Your Clinic

    When comparing storage options, consider asking the following questions:

    • What is the exact annual storage fee, and what does it cover?
    • Is there a minimum storage period?
    • What is the policy on missed payments? Is there a grace period?
    • Can I prepay for multiple years at a discount?
    • What happens if the clinic closes or changes ownership?
    • Are there any additional fees for documentation or reporting?

    Planning for Long-Term Storage

    Embryo storage is a long-term commitment. To avoid surprises:

    • Set a reminder for annual renewal dates.
    • Keep your clinic informed of any address or contact changes.
    • Review your consent forms periodically to ensure your wishes are documented.
    • Consider the total cost of ownership over the planned storage period.

    For more information on overall IVF costs in Thailand, see our guide on IVF cost in Thailand. For additional resources, visit our patient resources page. If you have specific questions, contact us for personalized assistance.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    How much does embryo storage cost per year in Thailand?

    Annual storage fees vary by clinic and are not fixed. Typically, fees cover cryopreservation maintenance, administration, and facility costs. Contact your clinic for an exact quote.

    What happens if I miss a storage payment?

    Policies vary. Some clinics offer a grace period, but if payment is not made, embryos may be discarded or donated according to your signed consent. Always keep your contact information current.

    Can I prepay for multiple years of storage?

    Many clinics offer discounts for multi-year prepayment. Ask your clinic about available options.

    Are there additional fees beyond the annual storage cost?

    Yes, there may be initial cryopreservation fees, transfer costs, shipping fees, and administrative charges. Confirm all potential costs with your clinic.

    Frequently asked questions

    How much does embryo storage cost per year in Thailand?

    Annual storage fees vary by clinic and are not fixed. Typically, fees cover cryopreservation maintenance, administration, and facility costs. Contact your clinic for an exact quote.

    What happens if I miss a storage payment?

    Policies vary. Some clinics offer a grace period, but if payment is not made, embryos may be discarded or donated according to your signed consent. Always keep your contact information current.

    Can I prepay for multiple years of storage?

    Many clinics offer discounts for multi-year prepayment. Ask your clinic about available options.

    Are there additional fees beyond the annual storage cost?

    Yes, there may be initial cryopreservation fees, transfer costs, shipping fees, and administrative charges. Confirm all potential costs with your clinic.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • Can You Do IVF with PGT in Thailand Over Multiple Trips?

    Why Consider a Split-Cycle Approach?

    For patients who cannot stay in Thailand for the full IVF cycle (typically 4–6 weeks), a split-cycle approach allows you to divide treatment into two separate trips:

    • Trip 1: Ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, fertilization, embryo culture, and biopsy for PGT. Embryos are then frozen.
    • Trip 2: Embryo transfer in a subsequent menstrual cycle, after PGT results are available.

    This approach is common for international patients and is offered by many fertility centers in Thailand. It gives you flexibility to return home between procedures while still receiving advanced genetic testing.

    Typical Timeline for Two Trips

    Trip 1: Stimulation, Retrieval, and Biopsy

    Plan to be in Thailand for approximately 14–18 days. This includes:

    • Initial consultation and baseline blood work and ultrasound (1–2 days)
    • Ovarian stimulation with daily injections (10–12 days)
    • Egg retrieval procedure (1 day, outpatient)
    • Embryo culture and biopsy for PGT (5–7 days after retrieval)
    • Embryo freezing and shipment of biopsy samples to a genetics lab (if not done on-site)

    After the biopsy, you can return home. PGT results typically take 2–4 weeks, depending on the laboratory and type of testing (PGT-A, PGT-M, or PGT-SR).

    Waiting Period at Home

    During this time, your clinic will coordinate with the genetics lab. You will receive a report on which embryos are chromosomally normal (euploid) and, if applicable, free of a specific genetic condition. You can discuss the results with your doctor via telemedicine.

    Trip 2: Embryo Transfer

    Plan to return to Thailand for a shorter stay of about 5–7 days. This includes:

    • Monitoring of your natural menstrual cycle or a medicated cycle to prepare the uterine lining (can be done partially at home with local monitoring, but final checks in Thailand)
    • Embryo transfer procedure (1 day, outpatient)
    • A brief rest period and a pregnancy test approximately 10–14 days after transfer (may be done at home)

    Some clinics may allow you to do the pregnancy test locally and follow up via telemedicine.

    What to Confirm with Your Clinic

    Before booking flights, ask your chosen fertility center for written confirmation of:

    • PGT logistics: Does the clinic have an on-site genetics lab, or are samples sent externally? How are results communicated?
    • Embryo freezing and storage: What are the costs for vitrification and monthly or annual storage?
    • Transfer preparation: Can you do some monitoring at home (e.g., blood tests and ultrasound) and share results with the Thai clinic?
    • Medication supply: Can you take stimulation medications home for the first few days? Are there restrictions on transporting fertility drugs across borders?
    • Costs: Request a detailed quotation that separates Trip 1 and Trip 2 medical fees, medications, PGT, freezing, and storage. Be aware that package prices (e.g., Bangkok Hospital’s fly-in package at THB 456,000 with PGT and freezing for two embryos, valid to 31 December 2026) may cover a single cycle but not necessarily two separate trips. Confirm what is included.
    • Legal and visa considerations: Verify visa requirements for your nationality. Most patients enter Thailand on a 30-day visa exemption or tourist visa, which is sufficient for each trip. However, always check current regulations with the Thai embassy or consulate.

    Which Hospitals Offer Split-Cycle IVF with PGT?

    Many fertility centers in Bangkok accommodate international patients and offer split-cycle treatment. The following hospitals are among those that provide IVF, ICSI, and PGT services. This list is an editorial comparison, not a ranking of outcomes. Always confirm directly with the hospital.

    1. Deep & Harmonicare IVF Center (DHC) – A dedicated fertility center in Bangkok’s Rama 9 area. DHC holds JCI, ISO 9001, RTAC, CAP, and UK NEQAS certifications. Services include IVF, ICSI, PGT, egg and embryo freezing. Reference price for a basic single-cycle medical package: THB 490,000 (June 2026). DHC is a featured commercial partner of Thailand PGT.
    2. Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center – Located on the 5th Floor of D Building at Bangkok Hospital Headquarter. Offers IVF, ICSI, PGT-A, egg and embryo freezing. Fly-in packages available: THB 335,000 from stimulation through embryo transfer, and THB 456,000 with PGT and freezing for two embryos (valid to 31 December 2026).
    3. Bumrungrad International Hospital – A large multidisciplinary hospital in central Bangkok with IVF, ICSI, and reproductive medicine services. Integrated setting may benefit patients needing other specialties. Confirm current fertility team and PGT details directly.
    4. Jetanin Hospital – A specialist fertility hospital with over 30 years of experience. Offers IVF/ICSI, PGT, egg freezing, and EmbryoScope. Holds JCI and RTAC accreditation.
    5. MedPark IVF Fertility and Genetics Center – Located within MedPark Hospital. Offers IVF/ICSI, PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR, and fertility preservation. ESHRE-certified embryologists and AI-assisted embryo assessment. IVF/ICSI package listed at THB 280,000 (confirm validity and inclusions).
    6. Superior A.R.T. Thailand – A specialist assisted-reproduction and genetics center established in 2007. Emphasizes IVF, ICSI, and PGT pathways. Confirm treating doctor and package details.
    7. Prime Fertility Clinic – Located at Pearl Bangkok. Offers IVF, ICSI, embryo freezing, and assisted hatching. JCI Ambulatory Care accredited. Confirm current services and pricing.

    Other clinics such as Gift Fertility Clinic, Intrarat Hospital, and PMG Hospital also list fertility services, but their IVF and PGT capabilities should be confirmed directly before inclusion in a shortlist.

    Important Considerations

    • Success rates: No clinic can guarantee pregnancy or live birth. DHC reports a 78% average embryo-transfer success rate for 2025 (approximately 80%), but this is not an individual prediction. Ask each clinic for age-specific data and how they define success.
    • Costs: Prices vary widely. Always request a written quotation that itemizes all expected expenses for both trips, including medications, PGT, freezing, storage, and any additional monitoring.
    • Time between trips: The interval between retrieval and transfer depends on PGT turnaround time and your menstrual cycle. Plan for at least 4–6 weeks between trips.
    • Communication: Ensure the clinic offers telemedicine consultations for follow-up and result discussions.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    How long do I need to stay in Thailand for the first trip?

    Typically 14–18 days for stimulation, retrieval, and embryo biopsy. Confirm with your clinic as protocols vary.

    Can I take my fertility medications home for the first few days?

    Some clinics allow you to start stimulation at home with local monitoring, but you must check regulations for transporting medications across borders and ensure proper storage (e.g., refrigeration).

    How are PGT results communicated?

    Most clinics provide results via email or a secure patient portal, followed by a telemedicine consultation with your doctor.

    Is the second trip always necessary?

    Yes, if you opt for a frozen embryo transfer after PGT. Some patients may choose a fresh transfer in the same cycle, but that requires a longer single stay and may not allow time for PGT results.

    What if I need more than one transfer cycle?

    If the first transfer is unsuccessful, you may need additional trips for subsequent transfers using frozen embryos. Discuss embryo storage and transfer costs with your clinic.

    Frequently asked questions

    How long do I need to stay in Thailand for the first trip?

    Typically 14–18 days for stimulation, retrieval, and embryo biopsy. Confirm with your clinic as protocols vary.

    Can I take my fertility medications home for the first few days?

    Some clinics allow you to start stimulation at home with local monitoring, but you must check regulations for transporting medications across borders and ensure proper storage (e.g., refrigeration).

    How are PGT results communicated?

    Most clinics provide results via email or a secure patient portal, followed by a telemedicine consultation with your doctor.

    Is the second trip always necessary?

    Yes, if you opt for a frozen embryo transfer after PGT. Some patients may choose a fresh transfer in the same cycle, but that requires a longer single stay and may not allow time for PGT results.

    What if I need more than one transfer cycle?

    If the first transfer is unsuccessful, you may need additional trips for subsequent transfers using frozen embryos. Discuss embryo storage and transfer costs with your clinic.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • IVF in Thailand for Single Women and Same-Sex Couples: A Practical Guide

    Introduction

    Thailand has become a popular destination for fertility treatment, including for single women and same-sex couples. Many clinics offer services tailored to diverse family-building needs. However, legal frameworks, donor options, and clinic policies vary, so careful planning is essential. This guide provides an overview of what to consider when planning IVF in Thailand as a single woman or same-sex couple.

    Legal Considerations

    Thailand’s legal landscape regarding assisted reproduction is complex and evolving. Specific regulations may affect your treatment. Key points to verify with your chosen clinic and a legal advisor include:

    • Parental rights: Confirm how parentage is recognized under Thai law and in your home country.
    • Donor anonymity: Ask clinics about their policies on donor identity disclosure.
    • Embryo status: Understand the legal status of embryos, especially if you plan to freeze, store, or transport them.

    No legal conclusions are provided here. Verify current legal interpretations directly with your clinic and consider consulting a Thai family law attorney.

    Donor Options

    For single women and same-sex couples, donor sperm, eggs, or embryos may be needed. Thailand has both local and international donor options:

    • Sperm donors: Some clinics have their own donor banks or can arrange anonymous or known donors. International sperm banks can also ship to Thailand, but confirm shipping and legal acceptance with the clinic.
    • Egg donors: Egg donation is available, but waiting times and costs vary. Some clinics offer shared donor programs.
    • Embryo donation: Less common, but some clinics may have programs.

    Ask your clinic about donor screening, genetic testing, and legal agreements. If using a known donor, ensure all parties understand their rights and responsibilities.

    Clinic Policies and Selection

    Not all clinics have the same policies regarding single women and same-sex couples. When researching clinics, ask directly:

    • Do you treat single women and same-sex couples?
    • What donor options do you offer?
    • Do you have experience with international patients in similar situations?
    • What are your policies on embryo freezing, storage, and shipping?

    Below is a comparison of several Bangkok fertility centers that may be suitable. The order is editorial and not a ranking of outcomes. Always confirm current services and policies directly.

    Clinic Key Features Notes
    Deep & Harmonicare IVF Center (DHC) Dedicated fertility center; JCI, ISO, RTAC, CAP, UK NEQAS credentials; Embryoscope+, Geri incubators, IVF Witness, IMSI, MACS Thailand PGT works with DHC as its featured commercial hospital partner; success rates and package prices should be confirmed directly with the clinic.
    Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center In-house embryology lab; IVF, ICSI, PGT-A, egg/embryo freezing; fly-in packages available (confirm validity) Multidisciplinary hospital setting
    Bumrungrad International Hospital Large multidisciplinary hospital; IVF, ICSI; Dr. Phattaraphum Phophong named Integrated care; confirm fertility team and PGT details
    Jetanin Hospital Specialist fertility hospital; 30+ years; JCI and RTAC accredited; IVF/ICSI, PGT, egg freezing, EmbryoScope Experienced team; confirm current certificates
    MedPark IVF Fertility and Genetics Center Within MedPark Hospital; ESHRE-certified embryologists; time-lapse incubation; AI-assisted assessment; IVF/ICSI package (confirm validity) Offers PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR
    Superior A.R.T. Thailand Specialist assisted-reproduction and genetics center; established 2007; IVF, ICSI, PGT Confirm doctor and package details
    Prime Fertility Clinic JCI Ambulatory Care accredited; IVF, ICSI, embryo freezing; Dr. Poonkiat Punyamitr International patient care

    Remote Consultation and Documentation

    Most clinics offer remote consultations via video call. Prepare the following:

    • Medical records: previous fertility tests, hormone levels, ultrasound reports, semen analysis (if applicable)
    • Identification: passport copy
    • Legal documents: if using a known donor, a written agreement may be required
    • Questions: prepare a list about treatment protocols, success rates, costs, and policies

    During the consultation, discuss your specific situation openly. The clinic can advise on the best treatment plan and any additional requirements.

    Privacy and Confidentiality

    Privacy practices vary by clinic. Ask about:

    • How your medical and personal data is stored and shared
    • Whether donor information is kept confidential
    • Policies on embryo and gamete storage and disposal

    Choose a clinic that respects your privacy and provides clear written policies.

    Travel Flexibility and Accommodation

    IVF treatment typically requires a stay of 2-4 weeks for the initial cycle, with possible return visits for embryo transfer. Consider:

    • Visa: Check current visa requirements with the Thai embassy based on your nationality.
    • Accommodation: Many clinics offer package deals with nearby hotels or serviced apartments. Alternatively, book your own. Look for places with kitchen facilities for meal preparation.
    • Travel insurance: Ensure your policy covers fertility treatment and any complications.
    • Support person: Consider bringing a friend or partner for emotional support.

    Communication and Language

    Language proficiency varies by clinic. Tips:

    • Confirm that your doctor and coordinator speak English well.
    • Request written instructions in English for medications and procedures.
    • Use translation apps if needed, but rely on clinic-provided interpreters for critical discussions.

    Follow-Up Care After Returning Home

    After treatment, you will need follow-up monitoring. Plan ahead:

    • Arrange with your local doctor or gynecologist to perform blood tests and ultrasounds as advised by the Thai clinic.
    • Ask the clinic for a detailed discharge summary and treatment protocol to share with your local provider.
    • If you become pregnant, your local obstetrician can manage the pregnancy. The Thai clinic may offer remote support.
    • For embryo storage, confirm shipping options if you want to transfer embryos to another country.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Here are common questions from single women and same-sex couples considering IVF in Thailand.

    Is IVF legal for single women and same-sex couples in Thailand?

    Legal recognition of parentage may vary. Verify with your clinic and consider legal advice in your home country.

    Can I use a known sperm donor in Thailand?

    Some clinics accept known donors, but legal agreements and screening are required. Confirm with the clinic and consult a lawyer.

    What documents do I need for treatment?

    Typically a passport, medical records, and any legal agreements for donor gametes. The clinic will provide a full list.

    How long do I need to stay in Thailand?

    For a fresh IVF cycle, plan for 2-4 weeks. For frozen embryo transfer, a shorter stay of 1-2 weeks may suffice.

    Can I ship embryos to another country?

    Yes, but it requires coordination with the clinic and a receiving facility. Confirm shipping policies and costs.

    Conclusion

    Thailand offers options for single women and same-sex couples seeking IVF, but thorough research and direct communication with clinics are essential. Start by consulting with multiple clinics, asking detailed questions about their policies, and verifying legal aspects with professionals. With careful planning, you can navigate the process smoothly and focus on your family-building journey.

    Frequently asked questions

    Is IVF legal for single women and same-sex couples in Thailand?

    Legal recognition of parentage may vary. Verify with your clinic and consider legal advice in your home country.

    Can I use a known sperm donor in Thailand?

    Some clinics accept known donors, but legal agreements and screening are required. Confirm with the clinic and consult a lawyer.

    What documents do I need for treatment?

    Typically a passport, medical records, and any legal agreements for donor gametes. The clinic will provide a full list.

    How long do I need to stay in Thailand?

    For a fresh IVF cycle, plan for 2-4 weeks. For frozen embryo transfer, a shorter stay of 1-2 weeks may suffice.

    Can I ship embryos to another country?

    Yes, but it requires coordination with the clinic and a receiving facility. Confirm shipping policies and costs.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • Can International Patients Do PGT for Sex Selection in Thailand?

    International patients can undergo preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) in Thailand. Whether PGT is used for sex selection depends on the clinic’s policies and current regulations. This article provides an overview of the medical process, legal and ethical considerations, and important questions to ask before proceeding.

    What Is PGT for Sex Selection?

    Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a technique used during in vitro fertilization (IVF) to screen embryos for genetic conditions. PGT can also determine the sex of embryos by analyzing chromosomes. Sex selection refers to choosing embryos of a specific sex for transfer. It is important to understand that PGT is a medical procedure with risks and limitations, and it does not guarantee pregnancy or a healthy child.

    Legal and Ethical Considerations

    Sex selection is restricted or prohibited in many countries due to ethical concerns. In Thailand, regulations may differ, and the practice is not uniformly allowed. Some Thai fertility centers may offer PGT for sex selection for medical reasons (e.g., preventing sex-linked genetic disorders), while others may offer it for family balancing. International patients should be aware that laws and ethical guidelines can change. This article does not provide legal advice. You must consult directly with your chosen clinic and, if needed, a legal expert familiar with Thai reproductive law to understand current regulations and your specific situation.

    Medical Process Overview

    If you are considering PGT for sex selection, the process typically involves:

    • IVF cycle: Eggs are retrieved and fertilized with sperm to create embryos.
    • Embryo biopsy: A few cells are removed from each embryo for genetic testing.
    • PGT analysis: The cells are analyzed to determine chromosomal makeup, including sex chromosomes (XX for female, XY for male).
    • Embryo transfer: One or more embryos of the desired sex are selected and transferred to the uterus.

    Not all embryos may be suitable for transfer, and success rates depend on many factors, including maternal age, embryo quality, and clinic expertise. No clinic can guarantee a specific outcome.

    Questions to Ask Your Clinic

    Before deciding, you should confirm the following directly with any clinic you consider:

    • Does the clinic offer PGT for sex selection for non-medical reasons (e.g., family balancing)?
    • What are the current Thai regulations regarding sex selection, and how does the clinic comply?
    • What is the cost of the full IVF + PGT cycle, including medications, testing, and embryo storage?
    • What is the clinic’s experience with PGT and sex selection? Can they provide success rates specific to your age group?
    • What are the risks of embryo biopsy and PGT?
    • What happens to embryos of the non-preferred sex? Are they discarded, donated, or frozen?
    • Do you need to provide any documentation or meet specific criteria?

    Choosing a Clinic in Thailand

    Several fertility centers in Thailand offer PGT services. Below is an editorial comparison of some providers that may offer PGT. The order is not a ranking of outcomes or quality. You must verify each clinic’s current services, pricing, and legal stance on sex selection directly.

    Clinic Location PGT Services (per public profiles)
    Deep & Harmonicare IVF Center (DHC) Bangkok IVF, ICSI, PGT, embryo culture, freezing
    Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center Bangkok IVF, ICSI, PGT-A, egg/embryo freezing
    Bumrungrad International Hospital Bangkok IVF, ICSI, reproductive medicine
    Jetanin Hospital Bangkok IVF/ICSI, PGT, egg freezing, IMSI
    MedPark IVF Fertility and Genetics Center Bangkok IVF/ICSI, PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR
    Superior A.R.T. Thailand Bangkok IVF, ICSI, PGT pathways
    Prime Fertility Clinic Bangkok IVF, ICSI, embryo freezing, assisted hatching

    Note: DHC is a featured commercial hospital partner of Thailand PGT. This relationship does not guarantee suitability or outcomes.

    Important Uncertainties

    Sex selection is a sensitive and evolving area. The following points require human verification:

    • Exact legal status of sex selection in Thailand at the time of your treatment.
    • Whether a specific clinic offers sex selection for non-medical reasons.
    • Costs, which vary widely and may not include medications, additional testing, or travel expenses.
    • Success rates for PGT and live birth, which are not guaranteed and depend on individual factors.

    Next Steps

    If you are considering PGT for sex selection in Thailand, start by contacting clinics directly. Ask for a written quotation and a clear explanation of their policies. You may also want to consult with a reproductive law specialist in Thailand. For more general information, see our FAQ and Guides. If you need assistance, you can contact us for support.

    Frequently asked questions

    Is sex selection legal in Thailand?

    Thailand's regulations on sex selection are not clearly defined in public sources. Some clinics may offer it for medical reasons (e.g., preventing sex-linked disorders) or family balancing, but laws can change. You must confirm the current legal status directly with your chosen clinic and, if needed, a legal expert.

    Can I choose the sex of my baby through PGT in Thailand?

    Some Thai fertility centers may offer PGT for sex selection, but availability varies. You need to ask each clinic directly whether they provide this service for non-medical reasons and under what conditions.

    What is the success rate of PGT for sex selection?

    Success rates depend on many factors, including maternal age, embryo quality, and clinic expertise. PGT itself is highly accurate for determining sex, but it does not guarantee pregnancy or live birth. No clinic can guarantee a specific outcome.

    How much does PGT for sex selection cost in Thailand?

    Costs vary widely. For example, DHC's basic single-cycle medical package is approximately THB 490,000, but this may not include PGT for sex selection, medications, or storage. Always request a detailed written quotation from the clinic.

    What happens to embryos of the non-preferred sex?

    Policies differ by clinic. Some may discard embryos, others may offer donation or long-term storage. You must discuss this with your clinic and understand your options before treatment.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT-M for Single Gene Disorders in Thailand: A Patient Guide

    What Is PGT-M?

    Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) is a technique used during in vitro fertilization (IVF) to identify embryos that carry a specific single-gene disorder. It is designed for couples or individuals who have a known genetic condition and wish to reduce the chance of passing it to their children. PGT-M is not a guarantee of a healthy pregnancy or live birth, and it is not suitable for everyone. The decision to use PGT-M should be made in consultation with a genetic counselor and fertility specialist.

    How PGT-M Differs from PGT-A and PGT-SR

    PGT-M is one of three main types of preimplantation genetic testing:

    • PGT-A (aneuploidy testing) screens embryos for abnormal numbers of chromosomes (e.g., extra or missing chromosomes). It is often used to improve implantation rates and reduce miscarriage risk, especially in older women.
    • PGT-SR (structural rearrangement testing) detects embryos with unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements, such as translocations or inversions, which can cause infertility or miscarriage.
    • PGT-M specifically looks for a single gene mutation that causes a specific inherited disorder, such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, or Huntington’s disease. It requires prior knowledge of the exact mutation in the family.

    Each test has different indications, limitations, and success rates. Your clinic will help determine which test, if any, is appropriate for your situation.

    The PGT-M Process in Thailand

    1. Genetic Counseling and Testing

    Before starting IVF with PGT-M, you and your partner (if applicable) will undergo genetic counseling and testing to confirm the specific mutation. This may involve blood or saliva samples from affected family members. The results are used to design a personalized test for your embryos.

    2. Probe Development

    A crucial step in PGT-M is creating a genetic probe—a custom laboratory tool that can identify the mutation in embryonic cells. This process, called probe development or assay design, typically takes several weeks. The probe is made using DNA from the family (e.g., from the parents and an affected child or other relatives). In Thailand, experienced genetic laboratories can develop probes for a wide range of single-gene disorders. The time required and cost of probe development vary by clinic and the complexity of the mutation. You should ask your clinic for an estimate of the timeline and fees.

    3. IVF and Embryo Biopsy

    Once the probe is ready, you undergo a standard IVF cycle to retrieve eggs and create embryos. On day 5 or 6 of development, a few cells are gently removed from each embryo (biopsy). These cells are sent to the genetics lab for analysis.

    4. Genetic Analysis

    The lab uses the custom probe to test the biopsied cells for the mutation. Results typically take a few days to a week. Embryos are classified as unaffected (no mutation), affected (carrying the mutation), or inconclusive. Only unaffected embryos are considered for transfer.

    5. Embryo Transfer and Follow-Up

    One or more unaffected embryos are transferred to the uterus. Any remaining unaffected embryos may be frozen for future use. After pregnancy is confirmed, prenatal diagnostic testing (e.g., chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis) is recommended to confirm the PGT-M result, as embryo testing is not 100% accurate.

    What Conditions Can Be Tested?

    Thailand’s genetic laboratories can develop probes for many single-gene disorders, including autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked conditions. Common examples include cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy, beta-thalassemia, and Huntington’s disease. However, not all disorders are testable; the mutation must be known and the family must provide sufficient DNA samples. Your clinic can advise on whether your specific condition is eligible for PGT-M.

    Costs and Timeline

    The cost of PGT-M in Thailand includes several components: probe development, IVF cycle, embryo biopsy, genetic testing, and embryo transfer. Probe development is a one-time fee that can range from a few hundred to several thousand US dollars, depending on the complexity. The total cost for a full PGT-M cycle is typically higher than standard IVF. Exact prices vary widely between clinics and are subject to change. You should request a detailed cost breakdown from your chosen clinic.

    The timeline from initial consultation to embryo transfer can take several months. Probe development alone may take 4–8 weeks. IVF stimulation and egg retrieval add another 2–3 weeks, followed by biopsy and testing (1–2 weeks). Planning ahead is essential.

    Alternatives to PGT-M

    PGT-M is not the only option for couples at risk of passing on a genetic disorder. Alternatives include:

    • Prenatal diagnosis (e.g., CVS or amniocentesis) during pregnancy, with the option to terminate an affected pregnancy.
    • Donor gametes (egg or sperm) from a donor without the genetic condition.
    • Preimplantation genetic testing using polar body biopsy (less common).
    • Natural conception with no testing, accepting the risk.

    Each option has medical, ethical, and emotional implications. Genetic counseling can help you weigh the choices.

    Limitations and Risks

    • Not 100% accurate: There is a small chance of misdiagnosis due to technical errors or biological factors (e.g., mosaicism). Confirmatory prenatal testing is strongly advised.
    • No guarantee of pregnancy: PGT-M does not improve the chance of implantation or live birth; it only selects against a specific mutation.
    • Embryo loss: Some embryos may be affected or inconclusive, reducing the number available for transfer.
    • Time and cost: The process is lengthy and expensive, and not all clinics offer PGT-M.
    • Ethical considerations: Some individuals or cultures may have concerns about embryo selection.

    Choosing a Clinic in Thailand

    When considering PGT-M in Thailand, look for a clinic with:

    • Experience in PGT-M and a dedicated genetics laboratory.
    • Clear communication about probe development timelines and costs.
    • Genetic counseling services.
    • Transparent success rates (though these are not directly comparable).

    You can find more information on our PGT in Thailand page, guides, and FAQ.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Frequently asked questions

    How long does probe development take for PGT-M?

    Probe development typically takes several weeks, often 4–8 weeks, depending on the complexity of the mutation and the laboratory's workload. Your clinic can provide a specific timeline.

    Can PGT-M test for any single gene disorder?

    PGT-M can test for many single-gene disorders, but the specific mutation must be known and the family must provide adequate DNA samples. Some rare or complex mutations may not be testable. Consult your clinic for eligibility.

    Is PGT-M covered by insurance in Thailand?

    Insurance coverage for PGT-M varies. Most international patients pay out-of-pocket. Check with your insurance provider and clinic for details.

    What is the success rate of PGT-M?

    Success rates depend on many factors, including maternal age, embryo quality, and the specific genetic condition. PGT-M does not guarantee a live birth. Ask your clinic for their most recent data.

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    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.