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  • PGT-A and Egg Freezing in Thailand: What to Know

    Understanding PGT-A and Egg Freezing

    If you are considering egg freezing in Thailand, you may have heard about PGT-A (preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy). PGT-A is a test that checks embryos for the correct number of chromosomes. It is often used during IVF to help select embryos for transfer. But how does it work when eggs are frozen first? This guide explains the basics, the timing, and the limitations you should discuss with your clinic.

    At a Glance: Key Points

    • PGT-A is optional and not a guarantee of pregnancy or a healthy baby.
    • Testing is usually done on embryos, not on eggs directly.
    • Frozen eggs can be thawed, fertilized, and grown to the blastocyst stage before biopsy.
    • Timing of testing may affect your treatment plan and costs.
    • Discuss logistics, costs, and legal aspects with your clinic.

    How PGT-A Works with Frozen Eggs

    When you freeze eggs, they are stored until you are ready to use them. Later, the eggs are thawed and fertilized with sperm to create embryos. These embryos are typically cultured for about five to six days until they reach the blastocyst stage. At that point, a few cells are removed from the outer layer of the embryo (trophectoderm) for testing. This biopsy is sent to a genetics laboratory to analyze the chromosomes.

    PGT-A can identify embryos with the correct number of chromosomes (euploid) and those with an abnormal number (aneuploid). Aneuploid embryos may fail to implant or may lead to miscarriage. However, PGT-A does not guarantee a successful pregnancy or a healthy baby. It is a screening tool, not a diagnostic test for all genetic conditions.

    Timing of PGT-A on Frozen Eggs

    The timing of PGT-A is important. In a typical IVF cycle with fresh eggs, testing occurs after fertilization and embryo culture. With frozen eggs, the process is similar: eggs are thawed, fertilized, and cultured to blastocyst. The biopsy is then performed, and the embryos are usually frozen while waiting for results. This is called a freeze-all cycle.

    Some clinics may offer the option to test eggs before freezing, but this is less common and may not be as reliable. Most often, PGT-A is performed on embryos created from frozen eggs. The entire process—from thawing to biopsy—requires careful coordination between the fertility clinic and the genetics laboratory. Ask your clinic about their specific protocols and timelines.

    Potential Limitations of PGT-A on Frozen Eggs

    There are several limitations to consider. First, not all eggs will survive the thawing process. The survival rate can vary, and some eggs may not fertilize or develop into blastocysts. This means you may have fewer embryos available for testing than you might expect.

    Second, PGT-A is a screening test, not a guarantee. It can reduce the risk of transferring an embryo with an abnormal number of chromosomes, but it cannot detect all genetic problems. Also, a normal PGT-A result does not ensure a live birth.

    Third, the biopsy and freezing process may slightly reduce the viability of some embryos, although this is generally considered safe. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

    Questions to Ask Your Clinic

    Before deciding on PGT-A with frozen eggs, ask your clinic the following questions:

    • What is your experience with PGT-A on embryos from frozen eggs?
    • What is the expected survival rate for thawing my frozen eggs?
    • How many embryos typically reach the blastocyst stage for biopsy?
    • What is the turnaround time for PGT-A results?
    • How are embryos frozen after biopsy, and what is the success rate for thawing them later?
    • What are the costs for PGT-A, and are there additional fees for freezing and storage?
    • Are there any legal or regulatory considerations for genetic testing in Thailand?

    Next Steps: Your Checklist

    1. Consult with a fertility specialist to review your medical history and goals.
    2. Ask about the clinic’s protocols for egg freezing and PGT-A.
    3. Clarify costs, including medications, procedures, and genetic testing.
    4. Understand the legal and ethical aspects of genetic testing in Thailand.
    5. Consider genetic counseling to interpret PGT-A results and make informed decisions.

    For more information on PGT in Thailand, visit our PGT in Thailand page. You can also explore our guides and FAQ sections for additional resources.

    Frequently asked questions

    Can PGT-A be done on frozen eggs directly?

    PGT-A is typically performed on embryos, not on eggs. Eggs are thawed, fertilized, and cultured to the blastocyst stage before a biopsy is taken. Some clinics may offer testing of polar bodies from eggs, but this is less common and may have limitations.

    How long does PGT-A take after egg freezing?

    The process involves thawing eggs, fertilization, embryo culture to blastocyst (about 5-6 days), biopsy, and then genetic analysis. Results may take several days to a few weeks, depending on the laboratory. Your clinic can provide a specific timeline.

    Does PGT-A guarantee a healthy baby?

    No. PGT-A screens for chromosomal abnormalities but does not guarantee a successful pregnancy or a healthy baby. It can reduce the risk of miscarriage due to aneuploidy, but other factors also affect outcomes.

    What are the risks of PGT-A on frozen eggs?

    Risks include the possibility that some eggs may not survive thawing, embryos may not develop to the biopsy stage, and the biopsy itself may slightly affect embryo viability. Discuss these risks with your clinic.

    Is PGT-A mandatory for egg freezing in Thailand?

    No, PGT-A is optional. It is a personal choice based on your medical history, age, and preferences. Your clinic can help you decide if it is appropriate for you.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • How to Get IVF Medications to Thailand: A Practical Guide for International Patients

    Getting Your IVF Medications to Thailand: What You Need to Know

    If you are planning fertility treatment in Thailand and need to bring medications from home or have them shipped, the process involves careful planning. This guide explains the key steps and questions to consider, so you can avoid delays and keep your medications safe.

    At a Glance: Key Steps for Medication Logistics

    • Check with your clinic about medication plans and documentation.
    • Contact your airline about carrying medications in hand luggage.
    • Ask Thai customs about import rules for personal medications.
    • Plan for temperature control during travel.
    • Keep all prescriptions and doctor’s letters with you.

    Can You Bring IVF Medications into Thailand?

    In most cases, you can bring personal medications into Thailand, but you need to be prepared. Thai customs and the Food and Drug Administration have rules about importing medicines. For IVF medications, you will likely need a prescription and a letter from your doctor explaining the medical need. The exact requirements can change, so it is essential to confirm with the Thai embassy or consulate in your country and with Thai customs before you travel.

    Shipping IVF Medications to Thailand

    If you need to have medications shipped to Thailand, you will need to work with a reliable courier that handles medical shipments. The package must be clearly labeled and include all necessary documentation, such as the prescription and a letter from your doctor. You should also consider the following:

    • Customs declaration: The sender must accurately declare the contents and value.
    • Import permits: Some medications may require an import permit from the Thai FDA.
    • Delivery address: Use the clinic’s address or a trusted contact in Thailand.

    Shipping times and costs vary, so plan ahead. Always track your shipment and have a backup plan in case of delays.

    Temperature Control: Keeping Medications Safe

    Many IVF medications need to be kept at a specific temperature, often refrigerated. When traveling, you will need a travel cooler with ice packs. Check with your airline about rules for carrying gel packs or ice packs in hand luggage. Some airlines allow them if they are for medication, but you may need to show a doctor’s letter. For shipping, use a courier that offers temperature-controlled packaging and tracking.

    Traveling with IVF Medications: What to Pack

    When you fly to Thailand, always carry your medications in your hand luggage, not in checked baggage. This is because the cargo hold may be too cold or too hot, and you need to have your medications with you at all times. Pack the following:

    • Original prescription and a doctor’s letter (in English).
    • Medications in their original packaging with pharmacy labels.
    • A travel cooler with ice packs if needed.
    • Syringes, needles, and other supplies, if applicable.

    Keep everything in a clear, separate bag to make security checks easier.

    Customs and Documentation: What to Prepare

    To avoid problems at customs, prepare a folder with these documents:

    • Your passport and visa.
    • A letter from your doctor stating your diagnosis, treatment plan, and the medications you need.
    • Copies of your prescriptions.
    • Receipts or proof of purchase for the medications.

    If you are shipping medications, the sender should include these documents in the package. You may also need to fill out a customs declaration form. Check with the Thai embassy or customs office for the most current requirements.

    Questions to Ask Your Clinic and Airline

    Before you travel, ask your clinic and airline these questions:

    • Does the clinic provide medications, or should I bring my own?
    • What documentation does the clinic recommend for bringing medications?
    • Does the airline allow ice packs or gel packs in hand luggage?
    • Are there any restrictions on carrying syringes or needles?
    • What should I do if my shipment is delayed?

    Next Steps: Your Medication Logistics Checklist

    • Confirm your medication list with your clinic.
    • Obtain a doctor’s letter and prescriptions in English.
    • Contact your airline about hand luggage rules.
    • Contact Thai customs about import requirements.
    • Arrange temperature-controlled transport if needed.
    • Keep all documents with you when traveling.

    By planning ahead and asking the right questions, you can focus on your treatment with confidence.

    Frequently asked questions

    Can I bring IVF medications in my hand luggage to Thailand?

    Yes, you can usually bring medications in your hand luggage, but you must have a prescription and a doctor's letter. Check with your airline for any specific rules about carrying liquids, gels, or ice packs.

    Do I need a special permit to import IVF medications into Thailand?

    Some medications may require an import permit from the Thai FDA. You should confirm with Thai customs or the Thai embassy before traveling. Your clinic may also provide guidance.

    How can I keep IVF medications cold during travel?

    Use a travel cooler with ice packs. Check with your airline about rules for ice packs, as some may require them to be frozen or have restrictions. A doctor's letter can help explain the need.

    What documents should I carry for IVF medications when entering Thailand?

    Carry your passport, a doctor's letter explaining your treatment, prescriptions, and receipts for the medications. Keep them in your hand luggage.

    Can I ship IVF medications to Thailand from another country?

    Yes, but you need to use a courier that handles medical shipments and include all necessary documentation. Check with Thai customs about import rules and potential permits.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • How to Verify a Fertility Clinic’s Genetics Laboratory: A Patient Checklist

    Why verifying the genetics laboratory matters

    When you are considering IVF with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), the genetics laboratory plays a central role in the accuracy and reliability of your results. The quality of the lab, the experience of the team, and the clarity of their processes can affect your decision-making at every step. This guide helps you ask the right questions and gather the information you need to compare clinics with confidence.

    At a glance: what to check

    • Accreditation and certifications of the genetics lab
    • Types of genetic tests offered and their limitations
    • Biopsy procedure: who performs it and when
    • Transport logistics if samples are sent to an external lab
    • Counseling and support before and after testing
    • Turnaround time for results and how you will receive them

    Accreditation and quality standards

    Start by asking about the laboratory’s accreditations and quality management systems. Look for recognized international standards, such as ISO 15189, which specifies requirements for quality and competence in medical laboratories. Also ask if the lab participates in external quality assessment (EQA) programs, which test their proficiency against other labs. These details give you a baseline for reliability.

    Questions to ask:

    • What accreditations does the genetics laboratory hold?
    • How often is the lab inspected, and by which body?
    • Does the lab participate in external quality assessment schemes?
    • Can you provide documentation of recent quality audits?

    Types of genetic tests and their scope

    PGT can screen for chromosomal abnormalities (PGT-A), specific genetic disorders (PGT-M), or structural rearrangements (PGT-SR). Each test has different capabilities and limitations. Ask the clinic which tests they offer and whether they are performed in-house or referred to an external laboratory. Also ask about the technology used, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) or array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), and what the test can and cannot detect.

    Questions to ask:

    • Which PGT tests do you offer (PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR)?
    • Are these tests performed in your own lab or sent to an external facility?
    • What technology is used, and what are its limitations?
    • How do you handle cases where the test result is inconclusive?

    Biopsy procedure and embryo handling

    The biopsy is a delicate step where a few cells are removed from the embryo for testing. Ask about the experience of the embryology team, the stage at which the biopsy is performed (usually on day 5 or 6), and how the embryos are handled and labeled to avoid mix-ups. Also ask about the criteria for embryo freezing and the survival rates after thawing, if relevant.

    Questions to ask:

    • Who performs the biopsy, and what is their experience?
    • At what stage are embryos biopsied?
    • How do you ensure accurate labeling and traceability of embryos?
    • What is your policy on embryos that do not survive the biopsy or freezing process?

    Transport logistics for external labs

    If the clinic sends samples to an external genetics laboratory, you need to understand the logistics. Ask about the courier service, the temperature control during transport, and the chain of custody. Also ask how long the transport takes and whether there is any risk of sample degradation. This is especially important for international patients who may be coordinating from abroad.

    Questions to ask:

    • If samples are sent to an external lab, how are they transported?
    • What measures are in place to maintain sample integrity during transport?
    • How long does transport take, and how does that affect the timeline?
    • Who is responsible if a sample is lost or damaged in transit?

    Turnaround time and result reporting

    Knowing how long it takes to get results is crucial for planning your treatment cycle. Ask for the typical turnaround time for each type of test, and whether it includes the time for transport if applicable. Also ask how results are communicated to you—whether through a genetic counselor, a doctor, or a written report—and whether you will have a chance to discuss the implications before making decisions.

    Questions to ask:

    • What is the typical turnaround time for PGT results?
    • How will I receive my results, and who will explain them to me?
    • Will I have a follow-up consultation to discuss the results?
    • What happens if the results are unclear or need further testing?

    Counseling and support

    Genetic testing can bring complex emotional and medical information. Ask about the availability of genetic counseling before and after testing. A good clinic will offer support to help you understand the implications of the results, including the risks of passing on genetic conditions and the options available to you. This is not just a medical decision but a personal one.

    Questions to ask:

    • Is genetic counseling available before and after testing?
    • Who provides the counseling—a genetic counselor, a doctor, or both?
    • How do you support patients who receive unexpected or difficult results?
    • Are there any additional costs for counseling services?

    Comparing clinics: a practical approach

    When comparing clinics, create a simple table to record your findings. Use the same set of questions for each clinic so you can compare apples to apples. Consider factors like accreditation, test types, biopsy experience, transport logistics, turnaround time, and counseling support. Also think about the overall communication and transparency you experience during your inquiries—this can be a good indicator of how the clinic operates.

    Here is a sample comparison table you can use:

    Criteria Clinic A Clinic B Clinic C
    Accreditation
    Tests offered
    Biopsy experience
    Transport logistics
    Turnaround time
    Counseling support

    Next steps: your checklist

    Before you commit to a clinic, take these steps:

    1. List your questions and send them to the clinic in writing.
    2. Ask for documentation of accreditations and quality standards.
    3. Clarify whether the lab is in-house or external, and understand the logistics.
    4. Ask about the specific tests you may need and their limitations.
    5. Inquire about counseling services and how results will be explained.
    6. Compare your findings across clinics using a consistent checklist.
    7. Trust your instincts about the clinic’s transparency and communication.

    Remember, verifying the genetics laboratory is about ensuring you have the information you need to make informed decisions. Take your time, ask questions, and choose a clinic that aligns with your needs and values.

    Frequently asked questions

    What is the most important thing to verify about a genetics laboratory?

    Accreditation and participation in external quality assessment are key indicators of a lab's reliability. Ask for documentation and details about their quality management systems.

    Should I choose a clinic with an in-house genetics lab or one that sends samples externally?

    Both can be reliable. In-house labs may offer faster turnaround and more direct communication, while external labs may have specialized expertise. Ask about transport logistics and how results are reported.

    How long does it typically take to get PGT results?

    Turnaround times vary depending on the test type and whether the lab is in-house or external. Ask the clinic for their specific timeline, including any transport time.

    What should I do if I receive unexpected genetic results?

    A good clinic will provide genetic counseling to help you understand the implications and explore your options. Ask about counseling services before you start treatment.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT-M in Thailand: A Step-by-Step Guide for Known Genetic Disorders

    Understanding PGT-M

    Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) is a technique used during IVF to identify embryos that do not carry a specific genetic condition known to run in a family. It is a complex process that requires careful planning, specialized laboratory expertise, and close coordination between the IVF clinic and genetic laboratory. This guide explains the general steps involved in a PGT-M cycle in Thailand, so you can approach treatment with realistic expectations and informed questions.

    At a Glance: Key Steps in a PGT-M Cycle

    • Genetic counseling and family history review
    • Confirming the genetic diagnosis and identifying the specific mutation
    • Developing a personalized test (probe) for the family’s mutation
    • IVF cycle with ovarian stimulation and egg retrieval
    • Embryo biopsy at the blastocyst stage
    • Genetic analysis of biopsied cells
    • Transfer of a suitable embryo (if available)

    Step 1: Genetic Counseling and Family History Review

    Before starting PGT-M, you will meet with a genetic counselor or a specialist to discuss your family history, the specific genetic condition, and how it is inherited. This consultation helps confirm that PGT-M is appropriate for your situation and clarifies the risks and limitations. You should bring any previous genetic test results, medical records, and details about affected family members.

    Step 2: Confirming the Genetic Diagnosis

    PGT-M requires a precise understanding of the genetic mutation causing the disorder. This often involves a blood test from the affected parent or child to identify the exact mutation. In some cases, additional family members may need to be tested to establish a clear genetic link. The laboratory will use this information to design a personalized test for your embryos.

    Step 3: Developing a Personalized Test (Probe)

    Once the mutation is identified, the genetic laboratory creates a customized test, sometimes called a probe, that can detect the mutation in embryonic cells. This development process can take several weeks and requires a sample from the affected individual and often other family members. The probe must be validated to ensure accuracy before it is used on embryos.

    Step 4: IVF Cycle and Embryo Creation

    PGT-M is performed in conjunction with in vitro fertilization (IVF). You will undergo ovarian stimulation to produce multiple eggs, which are then retrieved and fertilized with sperm in the laboratory. The resulting embryos are cultured for about five to six days until they reach the blastocyst stage, when they are ready for biopsy.

    Step 5: Embryo Biopsy

    At the blastocyst stage, a few cells are carefully removed from the outer layer of the embryo (trophectoderm) that will become the placenta. This biopsy is performed by an embryologist using specialized equipment. The biopsied cells are sent to the genetic laboratory for analysis, while the embryos are frozen to await results.

    Step 6: Genetic Analysis

    The biopsied cells undergo genetic testing to determine whether each embryo carries the familial mutation. The analysis also often includes screening for chromosomal abnormalities (PGT-A) to improve the chances of a successful pregnancy. Results typically take several days to a few weeks, depending on the laboratory and the complexity of the test.

    Step 7: Embryo Transfer

    Once results are available, you and your doctor will discuss which embryos, if any, are suitable for transfer. A frozen embryo transfer (FET) is usually performed in a subsequent cycle, after the uterus is prepared with hormones. Any unaffected embryos may be frozen for future use.

    Important Considerations for PGT-M in Thailand

    Specialized Laboratory Support

    PGT-M requires a highly specialized genetic laboratory with experience in developing and running personalized tests. Not all IVF clinics have in-house genetic labs, so many partner with external laboratories. When choosing a clinic, ask about their experience with PGT-M, the laboratory they use, and their success rates with this specific procedure.

    Timeline and Planning

    A PGT-M cycle involves multiple steps that can take several months from initial consultation to embryo transfer. The probe development alone can take weeks, and the IVF cycle adds additional time. International patients should plan for at least two trips to Thailand: one for the initial consultation and possibly egg retrieval, and another for embryo transfer. However, exact timelines vary, so confirm with your clinic.

    Legal and Regulatory Considerations

    Thailand has regulations governing assisted reproductive technology, including PGT. It is essential to verify the current legal framework with your clinic or a local authority, as rules may change. Your clinic should provide guidance on what is permitted and any documentation required for international patients.

    Questions to Ask Your Clinic

    • How many PGT-M cycles have you performed, and what is your experience with my specific genetic condition?
    • Which genetic laboratory do you use, and is it accredited?
    • How long does probe development take, and what samples are needed?
    • What is the expected timeline from consultation to embryo transfer?
    • What are the costs for PGT-M, and what do they include?
    • What is your policy on embryo freezing and storage?

    Next Steps: Your PGT-M Checklist

    • Gather your genetic test results and family medical history.
    • Research IVF clinics in Thailand that offer PGT-M and have relevant experience.
    • Schedule a genetic counseling session to confirm the diagnosis and discuss PGT-M suitability.
    • Ask clinics about their laboratory partnerships and PGT-M success rates.
    • Clarify legal and documentation requirements for international patients.
    • Plan your travel and accommodation, considering the potential need for multiple visits.

    PGT-M is a powerful tool for families with known genetic disorders, but it is not a guarantee of a healthy pregnancy or child. It is a complex procedure that requires careful planning and expert care. By understanding the steps and asking the right questions, you can make informed decisions about your fertility journey in Thailand.

    Frequently asked questions

    How long does a PGT-M cycle take in Thailand?

    A PGT-M cycle typically spans several months, including genetic counseling, probe development, IVF, biopsy, and embryo transfer. The exact timeline varies by clinic and individual circumstances, so it's best to ask your clinic for a personalized schedule.

    What is the success rate of PGT-M?

    Success rates depend on many factors, including the specific genetic condition, the laboratory's expertise, and the woman's age. There is no guaranteed outcome, and you should discuss realistic expectations with your doctor.

    Is PGT-M legal in Thailand?

    Thailand has regulations for assisted reproductive technology, but specific rules may change. It is essential to verify the current legal status with your clinic or a local authority before proceeding.

    Can PGT-M test for multiple genetic disorders at once?

    In some cases, PGT-M can be designed to test for more than one genetic condition, but this depends on the laboratory's capabilities and the specific mutations involved. Your genetic counselor can advise on what is possible.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • How to Compare Embryo Storage Fees After IVF in Thailand

    If you are considering embryo storage in Thailand after IVF, comparing fees is about more than finding the lowest number. Storage costs can vary between clinics, and the way fees are structured can affect your total expenses over several years. This guide explains the typical components of embryo storage fees, what to look for when comparing quotes, and the questions you should ask before committing.

    At a glance: what to consider when comparing embryo storage fees

    • Understand what the quoted fee includes (e.g., storage, monitoring, handling).
    • Check if the fee is annual or monthly, and whether it increases over time.
    • Ask about additional costs for transfer, disposal, or shipping if you move clinics.
    • Consider the clinic’s location, accessibility, and communication with international patients.
    • Review the storage agreement for terms and conditions, including notice periods.

    Understanding embryo storage fees

    Embryo storage fees in Thailand typically cover the cryopreservation of your embryos in liquid nitrogen tanks, along with the necessary monitoring and record-keeping. However, the exact services included can vary. Some clinics may bundle storage with annual reviews or administrative support, while others may charge separately for each service.

    When you receive a quote, ask for a detailed breakdown. Common components may include:

    • Initial cryopreservation or freezing fee (if not already paid during your IVF cycle).
    • Annual storage fee, which may be billed per embryo or per batch.
    • Handling fees for transferring embryos between tanks or to another facility.
    • Administrative fees for documentation or communication.

    Because these components can differ, comparing only the headline annual fee may be misleading. Always request a written estimate that lists each item.

    Factors that influence storage costs

    Several factors can affect how much you pay for embryo storage in Thailand:

    • Number of embryos: Some clinics charge per embryo, while others charge a flat rate for up to a certain number.
    • Duration of storage: Longer storage may come with discounts or, conversely, annual increases.
    • Clinic location: Clinics in major cities may have higher overheads, which can be reflected in fees.
    • Additional services: Genetic testing, if performed, may be billed separately and can influence the total cost of your IVF cycle.
    • International patient support: Clinics that offer translation services or dedicated coordinators may include these in their fees or charge extra.

    It is important to note that prices are not standardized across Thailand. You should obtain quotes from several clinics and compare them on an equal basis.

    Questions to ask when comparing quotes

    To make a fair comparison, ask each clinic the same set of questions. Here are some key ones:

    • What exactly does the annual storage fee include?
    • Is the fee per embryo or per batch?
    • Are there any additional charges for monitoring, record-keeping, or administrative support?
    • Does the fee increase after a certain number of years?
    • What happens if I need to transfer my embryos to another clinic or country?
    • Are there fees for thawing, disposal, or donation of embryos?
    • How do you communicate with international patients, and are there any language support fees?
    • What is the payment schedule, and are there penalties for late payment?

    Write down the answers and compare them side by side. This will help you see the true cost of storage over your planned period.

    Comparing storage plans: what to look for

    When you receive quotes, consider the following aspects beyond the price:

    • Contract terms: Read the storage agreement carefully. Look for clauses about liability, termination, and what happens if you miss a payment.
    • Facility standards: Ask about the clinic’s storage equipment, backup systems, and security measures. While you may not be able to verify these independently, the clinic’s responses can give you confidence.
    • Accessibility: If you are an international patient, consider how easy it is to contact the clinic and receive updates. Some clinics have online portals or dedicated coordinators.
    • Reputation: Look for reviews or testimonials from other international patients, but remember that individual experiences can vary.

    You may also want to ask about the clinic’s policy on embryo disposition, as this can affect your long-term plans.

    Planning for long-term storage

    Embryo storage is often a multi-year commitment. When budgeting, consider the following:

    • Estimate the total cost over the number of years you plan to store your embryos.
    • Factor in potential fee increases. Ask if the clinic has a history of raising storage fees.
    • Include costs for future transfer cycles, which are separate from storage fees.
    • Consider the possibility of moving your embryos to another clinic or country, and ask about shipping costs and logistics.

    By planning ahead, you can avoid unexpected expenses and make informed decisions.

    Next steps: your checklist

    1. List the clinics you are considering for embryo storage.
    2. Request a written fee schedule from each clinic.
    3. Ask the questions listed above and record the answers.
    4. Compare the total estimated costs over your planned storage period.
    5. Review the storage agreement and clarify any unclear terms.
    6. Make your decision based on a balance of cost, services, and confidence in the clinic.

    Remember that the lowest price is not always the best value. Consider the quality of care, communication, and the clinic’s experience with international patients.

    Additional resources

    For more information on IVF costs in Thailand, see our IVF cost guide. For general patient resources, visit our patient resources page. If you have specific questions, feel free to contact us.

    Frequently asked questions

    What is typically included in embryo storage fees in Thailand?

    Embryo storage fees generally cover the cryopreservation of embryos in liquid nitrogen, along with monitoring and record-keeping. However, the exact inclusions vary by clinic. Some may bundle administrative support or annual reviews, while others charge separately. Always ask for a detailed breakdown.

    Are embryo storage fees in Thailand charged per embryo or per batch?

    It depends on the clinic. Some charge a flat rate for up to a certain number of embryos, while others charge per embryo. When comparing quotes, ask how the fee is calculated and whether it changes if you store more embryos.

    Can I negotiate embryo storage fees with a clinic in Thailand?

    Some clinics may be open to negotiation, especially for long-term storage or if you are already a patient. It is reasonable to ask if there are discounts for multi-year prepayment or for storing multiple embryos. However, not all clinics will negotiate, so it is best to ask politely.

    What additional costs should I consider besides the annual storage fee?

    Additional costs may include initial freezing fees, handling fees for transfers, administrative charges, and fees for thawing or disposal. If you plan to transfer embryos to another clinic or country, shipping costs may also apply. Always ask for a full list of potential fees.

    How can I compare embryo storage fees between clinics in Thailand?

    Request written fee schedules from each clinic and ask the same set of questions about inclusions, billing structure, and potential extra costs. Compare the total estimated cost over your planned storage period, not just the annual fee. Also consider the clinic's communication and support for international patients.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT-A vs PGT-M in Thailand: Understanding the Differences

    If you are exploring IVF in Thailand, you may have come across terms like PGT-A and PGT-M. Both are types of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) performed on embryos before transfer. But they answer different questions. PGT-A checks for chromosomal abnormalities, while PGT-M looks for specific genetic conditions. This article explains the differences, who might consider each test, and what to discuss with your clinic.

    At a glance: PGT-A vs PGT-M

    • PGT-A screens embryos for an abnormal number of chromosomes (aneuploidy).
    • PGT-M tests for a specific single-gene disorder that one or both parents carry.
    • Both tests require IVF and embryo biopsy.
    • Results can help guide which embryos to transfer, but they do not guarantee pregnancy or a healthy baby.

    What is PGT-A?

    PGT-A, or preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy, checks embryos for the correct number of chromosomes. Humans typically have 46 chromosomes. An embryo with too many or too few chromosomes is called aneuploid. Many aneuploid embryos fail to implant or result in miscarriage. Some may lead to conditions like Down syndrome.

    PGT-A is often considered for people who have experienced recurrent miscarriage, previous failed IVF cycles, or advanced maternal age. However, it is not recommended for everyone. Some clinics may suggest PGT-A to improve embryo selection, but it does not guarantee a successful pregnancy.

    What is PGT-M?

    PGT-M, or preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders, looks for a specific genetic condition caused by a single gene mutation. Examples include cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, or Huntington’s disease. This test is used when one or both parents are known carriers of a genetic disorder and want to reduce the risk of passing it on.

    PGT-M requires prior genetic testing of the parents to identify the specific mutation. The test is highly personalized and may take longer to develop than PGT-A.

    Key differences between PGT-A and PGT-M

    Aspect PGT-A PGT-M
    What it screens for Chromosomal abnormalities (aneuploidy) Specific single-gene disorders
    Who may consider it People with recurrent miscarriage, repeated IVF failure, or advanced maternal age Couples who are carriers of a known genetic condition
    Requires prior genetic testing of parents? No Yes, to identify the specific mutation
    Result interpretation Embryo is classified as euploid (normal), aneuploid (abnormal), or mosaic Embryo is classified as affected, unaffected, or inconclusive
    Typical timeline Results may be available within days to weeks May take longer due to test development

    What is PGT-SR?

    You may also hear about PGT-SR, which stands for preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements. This test is used when one parent has a chromosomal rearrangement, such as a translocation, that can lead to unbalanced chromosomes in embryos. PGT-SR is similar to PGT-A in that it looks at chromosomes, but it focuses on specific structural changes.

    PGT-SR is less common than PGT-A or PGT-M. Your clinic can explain if it is relevant to your situation.

    How are the tests performed?

    Both PGT-A and PGT-M involve the same general steps:

    1. IVF is performed to create embryos.
    2. On day 5 or 6, a few cells are removed from each embryo (biopsy).
    3. The cells are sent to a genetics laboratory for analysis.
    4. Results are reported to your clinic, and you discuss which embryos to transfer.

    The biopsy is a delicate procedure, but it is performed by experienced embryologists. The removal of cells does not guarantee that the embryo will be unaffected.

    Costs and timelines in Thailand

    The cost of PGT in Thailand varies depending on the clinic, the number of embryos tested, and the type of test. PGT-M is often more expensive than PGT-A because it requires developing a personalized test. You should ask your clinic for a detailed breakdown of costs, including biopsy, genetic analysis, and any additional fees.

    Timelines also vary. PGT-A results may be available within a few weeks, while PGT-M may take longer. Your clinic can give you an estimate based on your specific case.

    How to decide which test is right for you

    Deciding whether to use PGT-A, PGT-M, or no genetic testing at all is a personal choice. Here are some steps to help you decide:

    1. Review your medical history and any genetic risks with your doctor.
    2. If you have a known genetic condition in your family, consider genetic counseling.
    3. Ask your clinic about the availability and accuracy of each test.
    4. Discuss the financial implications and whether the test is covered by any package.
    5. Consider the emotional and ethical aspects of embryo testing.

    Remember, PGT is not a guarantee of a successful pregnancy or a healthy baby. It is a tool to help you make informed decisions.

    Questions to ask your clinic

    • What is the difference in cost between PGT-A and PGT-M at your clinic?
    • How many embryos are typically needed for testing?
    • What is the turnaround time for results?
    • How are mosaic embryos reported and what are the options?
    • Do you offer genetic counseling as part of the process?
    • What are the limitations of the test?

    Next steps

    If you are considering PGT in Thailand, start by gathering information from reputable sources and consulting with a fertility specialist. You can also explore our PGT in Thailand guide for an overview, and check our guides for more detailed topics. For common questions, visit our FAQ page.

    Ultimately, the decision to use PGT-A or PGT-M should be made in partnership with your medical team, based on your unique circumstances.

    Frequently asked questions

    Can PGT-A and PGT-M be done at the same time?

    Yes, it is possible to perform both PGT-A and PGT-M on the same embryo biopsy. This is sometimes called combined testing. However, not all clinics offer this, and it may increase the cost. You should ask your clinic if combined testing is available and what it involves.

    Is PGT-A necessary for all IVF patients?

    No, PGT-A is not necessary for everyone. It may be recommended for certain situations, such as advanced maternal age or recurrent miscarriage, but it is not a routine requirement. Your doctor can help you weigh the potential benefits and limitations based on your individual history.

    What are the risks of embryo biopsy?

    Embryo biopsy is a delicate procedure, but it is generally considered safe. There is a small risk of damaging the embryo, but experienced embryologists minimize this. The long-term effects on the child are not fully known, so it is important to discuss any concerns with your clinic.

    How long does it take to get PGT results in Thailand?

    The timeline can vary. PGT-A results may be available within a few days to a couple of weeks, while PGT-M may take longer because a personalized test needs to be developed. Your clinic can provide a more specific estimate based on your case.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • What Happens After a Failed Embryo Transfer in Thailand

    After a failed embryo transfer, you may feel a mix of emotions—disappointment, uncertainty, and perhaps a desire to move forward quickly. In Thailand, the follow-up process is designed to help you understand what happened and plan your next steps. This guide explains the typical post-failure journey, from the negative pregnancy test to your review appointment and beyond. Remember, every clinic and patient is unique, so always confirm specific details with your treating team.

    At a Glance: What to Expect

    • A negative pregnancy test is usually confirmed by a blood test about 9–14 days after transfer.
    • Your clinic will schedule a review appointment to discuss the cycle and any potential reasons for failure.
    • Additional diagnostic tests may be recommended, but only after a thorough discussion.
    • Emotional support is available, and many patients find it helpful to take time before deciding on next steps.

    Immediate Steps After a Negative Pregnancy Test

    When you receive a negative result, your clinic will guide you on what to do next. Typically, you will stop any medications prescribed for luteal phase support, such as progesterone or estrogen. Your doctor may advise you to wait for your next menstrual period to resume normal activities. It is important to follow your clinic’s instructions regarding medication and any physical restrictions.

    Confirming the Result

    Most clinics use a blood test to measure human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels. A negative result means the embryo did not implant, or implantation did not progress. In rare cases, a false negative can occur, so your clinic may repeat the test if there is any doubt.

    The Review Appointment: What to Discuss

    Your clinic will likely schedule a follow-up consultation, often called a “review” or “debrief” appointment. This is a crucial opportunity to ask questions and understand your cycle. During this meeting, your doctor may:

    • Review your treatment protocol and any laboratory reports.
    • Discuss the quality of the transferred embryo and any observations from the lab.
    • Consider potential factors that may have contributed to the failure, such as uterine or genetic issues.
    • Suggest additional tests or evaluations, but only if clinically indicated.

    Come prepared with a list of questions. For example:

    • What were the possible reasons for the failure in my case?
    • Are there any tests you recommend before the next cycle?
    • What changes might we consider for a future attempt?
    • How long should I wait before trying again?

    Possible Diagnostic Tests After a Failed Transfer

    Depending on your history and the circumstances, your doctor may recommend further testing. These are not routine for everyone, and you should discuss the pros and cons with your specialist. Common evaluations include:

    Test Purpose
    Hysteroscopy Examines the uterine cavity for abnormalities like polyps or scar tissue.
    Endometrial biopsy Checks for chronic inflammation or infection (e.g., chronic endometritis).
    Genetic testing of embryos (PGT-A) If not already done, may be considered for future cycles to screen for chromosomal abnormalities.
    Semen analysis or sperm DNA fragmentation If male factor issues are suspected.

    These tests are not mandatory, and your doctor will explain why they might be helpful in your specific situation. Always ask about the evidence and potential impact on your next cycle.

    Emotional Support and Coping Strategies

    A failed transfer can be emotionally challenging. It is normal to feel grief, frustration, or anxiety. In Thailand, many clinics offer counseling services or can refer you to mental health professionals who specialize in fertility issues. Additionally, consider:

    • Joining support groups, either locally or online, where you can share experiences.
    • Taking time to rest and engage in self-care activities.
    • Communicating openly with your partner about your feelings.

    Remember, seeking emotional support is a sign of strength, not weakness. Your clinic may have resources to help you cope.

    Planning Your Next Steps: Questions to Ask Your Clinic

    Before deciding on a future cycle, gather all the information you need. Here are some questions to ask your clinic:

    • What is the recommended waiting period before starting another cycle?
    • Are there any lifestyle changes that could improve my chances?
    • What are the costs associated with additional tests or a new cycle?
    • Do you have any success data for patients with similar circumstances?

    Take your time to make an informed decision. There is no rush, and your clinic should support you in choosing the path that feels right for you.

    Next-Step Checklist

    • Attend your review appointment and ask questions.
    • Discuss any recommended tests with your doctor.
    • Seek emotional support if needed.
    • Confirm any travel or accommodation plans if you are staying in Thailand for a future cycle.
    • Review your clinic’s policies on embryo storage and future transfers.

    For more information on the IVF process in Thailand, see our IVF in Thailand guide. To understand embryo transfer specifics, visit embryo transfer in Thailand. Our treatment process page outlines the general steps, and international patient resources can help with logistics.

    Frequently asked questions

    How soon after a failed embryo transfer can I try again?

    The waiting period varies depending on your individual situation and your doctor's advice. Some clinics recommend waiting for one or two menstrual cycles to allow your body to recover and to have time for any necessary tests. Always follow your clinic's guidance.

    Will I need additional tests after a failed transfer?

    Not necessarily. Your doctor will review your case and may suggest tests if there are specific concerns, such as uterine abnormalities or genetic issues. These tests are not routine and should be discussed thoroughly with your specialist.

    Can I get emotional support in Thailand after a failed cycle?

    Yes, many fertility clinics in Thailand offer counseling services or can refer you to mental health professionals. You can also find support groups online or through local expat communities. It's important to take care of your emotional well-being.

    What should I ask my doctor at the review appointment?

    Ask about possible reasons for the failure, any recommended tests, changes to your treatment protocol, and the recommended waiting period. Also, ask about costs and success rates for future cycles, but remember that individual outcomes vary.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • How to Interpret IVF Success Rates in Thailand: A Patient’s Guide

    Understanding IVF Success Rates: What the Numbers Really Mean

    When you start comparing fertility clinics in Thailand, one of the first things you’ll see is a success rate. It might be presented as a percentage of live births per embryo transfer, or as a pregnancy rate per cycle. These numbers can feel reassuring, but they are not as straightforward as they seem. Success rates are calculated in many different ways, and without knowing the details, you could be comparing apples to oranges.

    This guide explains how IVF success rates are reported, why they vary between clinics, and what questions you should ask to get a clearer picture. The goal is not to tell you which clinic is best, but to help you interpret the numbers with confidence.

    At a Glance: Key Points to Remember

    • Success rates depend heavily on patient age and diagnosis.
    • Clinics may report pregnancy rates, live birth rates, or even biochemical pregnancy rates.
    • Embryo transfer policies (single vs. multiple) affect success rates.
    • Reporting biases can make rates look higher than they are.
    • Always ask for the clinic’s definition of success and the patient group behind the numbers.

    How Are IVF Success Rates Calculated?

    There is no single universal definition of an IVF success rate. Clinics may report:

    • Clinical pregnancy rate: the percentage of cycles that result in a visible pregnancy on ultrasound.
    • Live birth rate: the percentage of cycles that result in a live birth. This is the most meaningful measure for most patients.
    • Biochemical pregnancy rate: a positive pregnancy test, which may not progress to a clinical pregnancy.

    Even when clinics report live birth rates, they may calculate them per cycle started, per egg retrieval, or per embryo transfer. Each denominator gives a different number. For example, a clinic that reports live births per embryo transfer will have a higher rate than if it reported per cycle started, because not all cycles reach the transfer stage.

    Why Success Rates Vary Between Clinics

    Several factors can make one clinic’s success rate look better than another’s, even if the quality of care is similar.

    Patient Demographics

    The age of the woman undergoing treatment is the single most important factor in IVF success. A clinic that treats mostly younger women will naturally have higher success rates. Some clinics also specialize in patients with specific diagnoses, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or male factor infertility, which can affect outcomes.

    Embryo Transfer Policies

    Clinics that routinely transfer more than one embryo may have higher pregnancy rates per transfer, but also a higher risk of multiple pregnancy. In contrast, clinics that promote single embryo transfer (SET) may have lower pregnancy rates per transfer but safer outcomes. When comparing rates, ask whether the clinic reports SET or multiple embryo transfers.

    Reporting Biases

    Some clinics may exclude certain patients from their statistics, such as those with poor prognosis or those who cancel cycles before transfer. Others may report only the outcomes of patients who reached the transfer stage, which can inflate the success rate. Always ask how the clinic defines its denominator.

    Age-Specific Success Rates: Why They Matter

    Success rates decline with age, particularly after 35. A clinic’s overall success rate may not reflect your personal chances if you are older or younger than the average patient. When you ask for success rates, request them broken down by age group, such as under 35, 35-37, 38-40, and over 40. This gives you a more realistic picture.

    However, even age-specific rates are not perfect. They do not account for other factors like ovarian reserve, previous pregnancies, or the cause of infertility. Use them as a general guide, not a guarantee.

    Questions to Ask a Clinic About Success Rates

    Before you trust a success rate, ask the clinic these questions:

    • What is your definition of success? (e.g., clinical pregnancy, live birth)
    • What is the denominator? (per cycle started, per retrieval, per transfer)
    • Do you report live birth rates or just pregnancy rates?
    • What are your success rates for my age group?
    • Do you include all patients in your statistics, or do you exclude certain groups?
    • What is your policy on single vs. multiple embryo transfer?

    These questions will help you understand whether the numbers are relevant to your situation.

    Other Factors to Consider When Comparing Clinics

    Success rates are just one piece of the puzzle. Consider these factors as well:

    • Experience and expertise: How many cycles does the clinic perform per year? What is the experience of the medical team?
    • Laboratory standards: Ask about the embryology lab, including quality control and technology used.
    • Patient support: What counseling and support services are available?
    • Cost transparency: Are costs clearly explained? Are there any hidden fees?
    • Legal and ethical considerations: Understand the legal framework for IVF in Thailand, especially if you are an international patient.

    You can find more general information in our guides and FAQ sections.

    Next Steps: Making an Informed Decision

    When you compare clinics, remember that success rates are a starting point, not the final word. Here is a checklist to guide you:

    1. Ask for success rates broken down by age and by live birth.
    2. Clarify the denominator and whether all patients are included.
    3. Ask about embryo transfer policies.
    4. Consider the clinic’s overall experience and laboratory standards.
    5. Discuss your personal medical history with the doctor to get a realistic assessment.
    6. Read our detailed article on IVF success rates in Thailand for more context.

    If you are considering preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), note that PGT can affect success rates. Learn more about PGT in Thailand to understand how it might apply to you.

    Ultimately, the best clinic for you is one where you feel confident in the medical team and the care plan. Success rates are useful, but they are only one part of the decision.

    Frequently asked questions

    What is the most reliable IVF success rate to look at?

    The most reliable measure is the live birth rate per cycle started, because it includes all cycles, even those that do not reach embryo transfer. However, even this can be influenced by patient demographics and clinic policies. Always ask for age-specific live birth rates.

    Why do some clinics report higher success rates than others?

    Clinics may report success rates differently, such as using pregnancy rates instead of live birth rates, or excluding certain patients from their statistics. Patient demographics, embryo transfer policies, and laboratory standards also play a role. It is important to ask how the clinic calculates its rates.

    Can I compare success rates between Thai clinics directly?

    Direct comparison is difficult because clinics may use different definitions and denominators. To make a fair comparison, ask each clinic for live birth rates per cycle started, broken down by your age group, and clarify whether all patients are included.

    Does age affect IVF success rates in Thailand?

    Yes, age is a major factor. Success rates decline with age, especially after 35. When you ask for success rates, request them for your specific age group to get a more accurate picture.

    What should I ask a clinic about their success rates?

    Ask for the definition of success (live birth vs. pregnancy), the denominator (per cycle, retrieval, or transfer), whether all patients are included, and the rates for your age group. Also ask about their embryo transfer policy.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • Embryo Storage Fees in Thailand: What to Know Before You Sign

    If you are considering embryo storage in Thailand, you likely have questions about the costs, the contract, and what happens over time. This guide explains the typical components of embryo storage fees, what to look for in a storage agreement, and how to approach renewal. Because fees and policies vary by clinic, the most important step is to ask for written terms before you sign.

    At a Glance: Embryo Storage in Thailand

    • Embryo storage involves an initial freezing cycle and ongoing annual storage fees.
    • Fees typically cover cryopreservation, storage, and sometimes monitoring.
    • Contracts outline payment intervals, renewal procedures, and conditions for release or disposal.
    • Always request a written agreement and clarify all terms before signing.

    Understanding Embryo Storage Fees

    Embryo storage fees in Thailand generally consist of two parts: the initial cryopreservation (freezing) fee and the ongoing storage fee. The initial fee covers the laboratory work to freeze and vitrify your embryos. The storage fee is usually charged annually, though some clinics may offer quarterly or semi-annual payment options.

    Additional costs may arise if you need to transfer embryos to another facility, release them for donation or research, or dispose of them. Some clinics may also charge for annual reviews or maintenance of stored embryos.

    Because fees vary widely, it is essential to ask for a detailed breakdown. Do not assume that the initial IVF cycle fee includes storage beyond the first year.

    What to Look for in an Embryo Storage Agreement

    Before you sign an embryo storage agreement, review it carefully. Key elements to check include:

    • Fee structure: What is included in the initial fee? What is the annual storage fee? Are there any additional charges?
    • Payment intervals: When is payment due? Is it monthly, quarterly, or annually? What happens if you miss a payment?
    • Renewal procedures: How do you renew the storage agreement? Is there a notice period? Can you renew online or in person?
    • Release conditions: What are the procedures for releasing embryos for transfer, donation, or research? Are there any restrictions?
    • Disposal policies: Under what circumstances can embryos be disposed of? What is the process for consent?
    • Transfer to another clinic: If you move, can you transfer embryos to another facility? What are the costs and logistics?

    If any terms are unclear, ask the clinic to explain them in writing. Do not rely on verbal assurances.

    Renewal Process: What to Expect

    Embryo storage agreements typically require annual renewal. The clinic will send you a reminder before the renewal date, along with an invoice for the next storage period. You may need to sign a new consent form or confirm your contact details.

    It is important to keep your contact information up to date with the clinic. If you move or change your phone number, notify the clinic immediately. Failure to respond to renewal notices could result in the eventual disposal of your embryos, depending on the clinic’s policy.

    Some clinics may offer automatic renewal with a credit card on file. If you prefer not to have automatic renewal, ask about alternative payment methods.

    Releasing or Disposing Embryos

    If you decide to use your embryos for a future transfer, donate them, or dispose of them, you will need to follow the clinic’s procedures. This typically involves signing a release form and possibly paying a fee for the release or disposal.

    Before you make any decision, consider the legal and ethical implications. In Thailand, embryo disposition is governed by regulations, and you should consult with your clinic and possibly a legal advisor to understand your options.

    Questions to Ask Your Clinic

    When comparing embryo storage options, ask these questions:

    • What is the total cost for the first year of storage?
    • Are there any discounts for multi-year storage?
    • What happens if I miss a payment?
    • How do I renew my storage agreement?
    • Can I transfer my embryos to another clinic? What are the costs?
    • What are the conditions for releasing or disposing embryos?
    • Do you have a written storage agreement I can review?

    Next Steps: Your Embryo Storage Checklist

    1. Request a written storage agreement from your clinic.
    2. Review the fee structure and payment intervals.
    3. Clarify renewal procedures and set reminders.
    4. Keep your contact information updated.
    5. Understand the release and disposal policies.
    6. Compare costs and terms with other clinics if needed.

    For more information on IVF costs and patient resources, visit our IVF cost guide and patient resources. If you have specific questions, contact us.

    Frequently asked questions

    How much does embryo storage cost in Thailand?

    Embryo storage fees in Thailand vary by clinic. Typically, you pay an initial freezing fee and an annual storage fee. Some clinics may offer quarterly or semi-annual payment options. Always ask for a detailed breakdown of costs before signing an agreement.

    What happens if I don't renew my embryo storage agreement?

    If you do not renew your embryo storage agreement, the clinic may attempt to contact you. After a certain period, depending on the clinic's policy and Thai regulations, your embryos may be disposed of. It is crucial to keep your contact information updated and respond to renewal notices.

    Can I transfer my embryos to another clinic in Thailand?

    Yes, it is often possible to transfer embryos to another clinic, but there may be costs and logistical requirements. You should contact both clinics to understand the process, including any fees for packing, shipping, and receiving the embryos.

    What should I look for in an embryo storage contract?

    Look for clear terms on fee structure, payment intervals, renewal procedures, release conditions, disposal policies, and what happens if you miss a payment. Ensure all terms are in writing and ask for clarification on anything you don't understand.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • Understanding PGT IVF Success Rates in Thailand: What the Numbers Really Mean

    When you’re researching IVF in Thailand, you’ll often see success rates quoted alongside preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). But what do these numbers really mean? PGT can help identify embryos with the correct number of chromosomes or without a specific genetic condition, potentially improving the chances of a successful pregnancy. However, success rates are not a guarantee, and they depend on many factors, including your age, the reason for testing, and the clinic’s laboratory standards. This guide explains how PGT relates to IVF success in Thailand, what to look for in clinic data, and the questions to ask before you commit.

    At a Glance: PGT and IVF Success

    • PGT-A screens embryos for chromosomal abnormalities, which are more common with older maternal age.
    • PGT-M and PGT-SR are used for specific genetic conditions or chromosomal rearrangements.
    • Success rates vary widely by patient profile; no clinic can guarantee a live birth.
    • Ask clinics for their own data, broken down by age and testing type.

    What Is PGT and How Does It Affect IVF Success?

    Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is performed on embryos created through IVF before transfer. There are three main types:

    • PGT-A (aneuploidy screening) checks for the correct number of chromosomes. Embryos with an abnormal number (aneuploid) often fail to implant or miscarry.
    • PGT-M (monogenic disorders) looks for specific single-gene conditions, such as cystic fibrosis or thalassemia, when one or both parents carry a known mutation.
    • PGT-SR (structural rearrangements) is used when a parent has a chromosomal rearrangement, like a translocation, which can lead to unbalanced chromosomes in embryos.

    By selecting embryos that are likely to be chromosomally normal or free of a specific condition, PGT may reduce the risk of miscarriage and increase the chance of a successful pregnancy per transfer. However, it does not guarantee a live birth, and not all patients need PGT.

    Factors That Influence PGT IVF Success Rates

    Success rates with PGT are not a single number. They depend on several key factors:

    • Maternal age: The proportion of chromosomally normal embryos declines with age. Younger women typically have more normal embryos, which can improve the odds per transfer.
    • Reason for PGT: PGT-A for general screening may have different outcomes than PGT-M for a specific genetic condition, where the goal is to avoid a particular disease.
    • Embryo quality and development: Embryos that reach the blastocyst stage (day 5-6) and are graded well are more likely to be viable.
    • Laboratory standards: The accuracy of PGT depends on the biopsy technique, genetic laboratory, and embryo culture conditions. Ask about the clinic’s experience and quality controls.
    • Number of embryos available: Not all embryos will survive the biopsy and freezing process, and some may be abnormal. A larger cohort gives more options.

    How to Interpret Clinic Success Rates

    When comparing IVF clinics in Thailand, you’ll see success rates reported in different ways. Some may report pregnancy rates per embryo transfer, while others use live birth rates. For PGT, the most meaningful metric is often the live birth rate per transfer of a tested embryo, but this can be misleading if the clinic only transfers embryos after extensive screening.

    Here are some questions to ask when reviewing clinic data:

    • What is your live birth rate per transfer for patients in my age group?
    • How many PGT cycles have you performed, and what is your experience with my specific type of testing?
    • What is your embryo survival rate after biopsy and freezing?
    • Do you report outcomes separately for PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR?
    • What is your cancellation rate (cycles that do not reach transfer)?

    Remember that success rates are retrospective and may not reflect your individual situation. A clinic with a high success rate may have a selective patient population.

    PGT in Thailand: What to Consider

    Thailand has become a popular destination for IVF and PGT due to its advanced medical facilities and relatively lower costs compared to Western countries. However, there is no official national registry that publishes standardized success rates for all clinics. This means you must rely on clinic-reported data, which may not be independently verified.

    When choosing a clinic, consider:

    • Accreditation: Look for international accreditations, such as from the Joint Commission International (JCI), which indicate adherence to quality standards.
    • Laboratory quality: Ask about the genetic laboratory used for PGT. Is it on-site or outsourced? What are their quality controls?
    • Doctor’s experience: How many PGT cycles has your doctor performed? What is their approach to embryo transfer?
    • Patient support: Do they offer counseling to help you understand the implications of PGT results?

    Limitations and Alternatives to PGT

    PGT is not a guarantee of a healthy baby. It has limitations:

    • PGT-A cannot detect all chromosomal abnormalities, and some embryos may be mosaic (a mix of normal and abnormal cells).
    • PGT-M and PGT-SR require prior genetic testing of the parents to identify the specific mutation or rearrangement.
    • There is a small risk of embryo damage during biopsy, though this is rare in experienced labs.
    • PGT does not eliminate the risk of birth defects or genetic conditions that are not tested.

    Alternatives to PGT include:

    • IVF without PGT: For younger women or those without known genetic risks, transferring embryos without testing may be appropriate.
    • Prenatal testing: After pregnancy, tests like amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling can diagnose certain conditions.
    • Donor embryos or gametes: If PGT is not an option, using donor eggs or sperm may reduce the risk of genetic disorders.

    Questions to Ask Your Clinic

    Before deciding on PGT in Thailand, prepare a list of questions for your consultation:

    • What is your success rate for PGT cycles in my age group?
    • How many embryos typically reach the biopsy stage?
    • What is your policy on mosaic embryos?
    • How long does it take to get PGT results?
    • What are the costs for PGT, and are there any additional fees for genetic counseling?
    • Do you have a genetic counselor on staff?

    Next Steps: Making Your Decision

    Choosing to undergo PGT with IVF is a personal decision. Here’s a simple checklist to guide you:

    1. Gather your medical history and any genetic test results.
    2. Research clinics in Thailand that offer PGT and compare their reported outcomes.
    3. Schedule consultations with at least two clinics to compare approaches.
    4. Ask for a breakdown of costs, including PGT, medications, and any additional procedures.
    5. Consider the emotional and financial implications of a cycle that may not result in a transfer.
    6. Discuss your options with a genetic counselor to understand the implications of PGT results.

    Remember, success rates are just one piece of the puzzle. The right clinic for you is one that offers transparent data, experienced staff, and a supportive environment.

    Frequently asked questions

    What is the difference between PGT-A and PGT-M?

    PGT-A screens embryos for chromosomal abnormalities (aneuploidy), which are more common with advanced maternal age. PGT-M is used to detect specific single-gene disorders, such as cystic fibrosis or thalassemia, when parents are known carriers. Both are performed on embryos before transfer, but they answer different questions.

    Does PGT guarantee a successful pregnancy?

    No, PGT does not guarantee a successful pregnancy or a healthy baby. It can reduce the risk of miscarriage and certain genetic conditions, but many other factors affect implantation and live birth, including embryo quality, uterine health, and overall medical history.

    How do I know if I need PGT?

    PGT is typically recommended for women over 35, couples with a known genetic condition, or those with recurrent pregnancy loss or implantation failure. However, it is not necessary for everyone. Your doctor can help you decide based on your specific situation and family-building goals.

    Are PGT success rates in Thailand different from other countries?

    Success rates depend more on the patient's age and the clinic's laboratory standards than on the country itself. Thailand has many clinics with advanced technology, but there is no national registry, so you should ask each clinic for its own data and verify its credentials.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.