Thailand PGT CMS

标签： ivf

  • Mosaic Embryo Results: Questions for International Patients in Thailand

    A mosaic PGT result means the embryo biopsy showed a mixture of cells with typical chromosome patterns and cells with atypical patterns. It is not a simple yes-or-no answer. Many clinics treat mosaicism as a finding that needs context: the type of change, the proportion of cells involved, the chromosome affected, and the clinic’s own reporting thresholds all matter. For international patients, the next step is usually a detailed conversation with the treating clinic and, often, a genetic counselor. This article explains common questions, important uncertainties, and what to confirm directly with your care team.

    At a glance

    • A mosaic result describes a mix of cell lines in the tested sample, not a guaranteed outcome for the embryo or a future child.
    • PGT laboratories use different thresholds and reporting categories, so results are not directly comparable between clinics.
    • Genetic counseling is commonly recommended to interpret the specific finding and discuss uncertainties.
    • Transfer decisions are individual and depend on clinical context, available alternatives, and clinic policy.
    • Ask your clinic for a written summary of the result and the reasoning behind any recommendation.

    What does a mosaic PGT result actually mean?

    Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) involves taking a small number of cells from an embryo and analyzing their chromosomes. In a mosaic result, some tested cells show a typical number or structure of chromosomes, while others show an atypical pattern. This can happen because the biopsy samples only a fraction of the embryo, and the embryo itself may contain more than one cell line.

    Mosaicism is generally described by the type of chromosome change (for example, whole-chromosome gain or loss versus a smaller segment change) and by the estimated percentage of cells affected. However, the exact meaning of any specific mosaic result is not fully settled in reproductive medicine. A mosaic finding does not automatically mean the embryo cannot implant or develop, and it does not guarantee a particular health outcome. It is a probabilistic finding that needs careful interpretation.

    Why do clinics recommend genetic counseling?

    Genetic counseling is a conversation with a trained professional who can explain what is known and unknown about your specific result. Because mosaicism involves uncertainty, counseling helps patients understand:

    • What the laboratory report does and does not say
    • How the clinic’s reporting thresholds compare with other laboratories
    • What the current understanding is for the chromosome involved
    • What options exist, including further testing, transfer, or waiting for another cycle
    • What questions to ask before making a decision

    Counseling is not a recommendation for or against transfer. It is a way to make sure you have the information you need to weigh your own priorities.

    What factors can influence a transfer decision?

    Clinics and patients may consider several factors together. No single factor determines the decision, and practices vary.

    Factor Why it may matter
    Type of chromosome change Some changes are better understood than others; the specific chromosome and region can affect interpretation.
    Estimated mosaic level Laboratories report different ranges; a higher or lower percentage may be discussed differently.
    Embryo quality and development Morphology and development may be considered alongside the genetic result.
    Available embryos The number of other embryos, and their results, can affect the range of options.
    Patient history and priorities Previous cycles, age, and personal values may shape how uncertainty is weighed.
    Clinic policy and laboratory practice Different clinics may have different thresholds for reporting and different internal guidance.

    Because these factors interact, a mosaic result that leads to one decision in one situation may lead to a different decision in another. There is no universal rule.

    Questions to ask your clinic about a mosaic result

    International patients often receive results by email or portal. It can help to request a scheduled call or video consultation and to ask for a written summary. Consider asking:

    • What exactly does the report say about the chromosome change and the estimated mosaic level?
    • What are the laboratory’s reporting thresholds, and how do they compare with other laboratories?
    • Is genetic counseling available, and can it be arranged before a transfer decision?
    • What is known and not known about this specific finding?
    • What are the possible next steps, including transfer, further testing, or another cycle?
    • What would the clinic recommend, and what is the reasoning behind that recommendation?
    • Are there any additional costs, timelines, or travel considerations for each option?
    • What documentation or consent is required, and how would it be handled for an international patient?

    Write down the answers. If something is unclear, ask for it to be explained again in plain language.

    What to confirm before making a decision

    Because policies, prices, legal requirements, and clinical practices can change, confirm the following directly with your treating clinic and, where relevant, with the appropriate authorities:

    • How the clinic defines and reports mosaicism
    • Whether genetic counseling is included or available at an additional cost
    • What the clinic’s process is for discussing uncertain results
    • Any required consent forms, identification, or medical records
    • How results and recommendations are documented for international patients
    • What follow-up is available if you return home

    This guide cannot replace individualized medical advice. Your clinic and a qualified genetic counselor are the best sources for interpreting your specific result.

    Next steps for international patients

    1. Request a copy of the full laboratory report and a written summary in English.
    2. Ask for a consultation with the treating physician and, if available, a genetic counselor.
    3. Prepare your questions in advance and take notes during the conversation.
    4. Ask about all reasonable options and the uncertainties associated with each.
    5. Take time to consider your priorities before deciding.
    6. Confirm any logistical, financial, or documentation steps directly with the clinic.

    For more general information about coordinating care in Thailand, see our international patients page. You can also browse our FAQ and guides, or contact us with questions about the information on this site.

    Frequently asked questions

    Does a mosaic embryo result mean the embryo is abnormal?

    A mosaic result means the tested sample contained a mix of cells with typical and atypical chromosome patterns. It is not the same as a uniform abnormal result, and it does not predict a specific outcome. The interpretation depends on the type of change, the estimated mosaic level, and other clinical factors. Your clinic and a genetic counselor can explain what is known and unknown about your specific result.

    Can a mosaic embryo be transferred?

    Some clinics may offer transfer of certain mosaic embryos after counseling, while others may not. Practices vary, and the decision is individual. There is no universal rule. Discuss the options, uncertainties, and clinic policy with your treating physician and a genetic counselor before deciding.

    Why do I need genetic counseling for a mosaic result?

    Genetic counseling helps you understand the laboratory report, the limits of what the test can tell you, and the range of options. It is a conversation, not a recommendation for or against transfer. Counseling can help you formulate questions and weigh your own priorities.

    Are mosaic results reported the same way at every clinic?

    No. Laboratories and clinics may use different thresholds and reporting categories for mosaicism. This means results from one clinic are not directly comparable to another. Ask your clinic to explain its own reporting standards and how they interpret your specific result.

    What should I ask my clinic before making a decision?

    Ask for a written summary of the result, the laboratory's reporting thresholds, whether genetic counseling is available, what the possible next steps are, and the reasoning behind any recommendation. Also confirm any costs, timelines, documentation, and follow-up arrangements directly with the clinic.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT Report Interpretation Checklist for Thailand: A Plain-English Guide for International Patients

    Reading a PGT report from a Thai clinic can feel like decoding a foreign language, especially when you are far from home and the results arrive by email. This checklist helps you review the report calmly, understand common terms such as euploid, aneuploid and mosaic, and prepare focused questions for a genetic counselor or clinician. It does not tell you what your results mean for your own treatment. Only a qualified professional who knows your history can do that. Use this guide to organize your reading, not to replace medical advice.

    At a glance

    • PGT reports describe laboratory findings about embryos, not a guarantee of pregnancy or a healthy child.
    • Common result categories include euploid, aneuploid, mosaic and inconclusive or no result.
    • Check that the report identifies the clinic, laboratory, patient, cycle and date.
    • Look for the PGT type: PGT-A, PGT-M or PGT-SR.
    • Write down your questions before speaking with a genetic counselor or clinician.
    • Ask how the clinic will explain the report to you and whether a translated version is available.

    What a PGT report is and what it is not

    Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a laboratory test performed on cells taken from an embryo during IVF. The report summarizes what the laboratory observed. It is not a diagnosis of a future child, and it cannot promise that a transferred embryo will implant, develop normally or result in a live birth. PGT also cannot rule out all genetic conditions, because testing looks at specific things and has technical limits.

    There are different types of PGT. PGT-A looks at the number of chromosomes in an embryo. PGT-M looks for a specific inherited condition that runs in a family. PGT-SR looks at structural chromosome rearrangements. Your report should state which type was performed, because the meaning of the results depends on the test.

    Checklist: details to confirm on the first page

    Before you read the results, confirm that the report belongs to you and your cycle. Missing or mismatched identifiers are a reason to contact the clinic before drawing any conclusions.

    • Patient name and date of birth, or another unique identifier.
    • Partner or donor information, if relevant to your case.
    • Clinic name and laboratory name.
    • Cycle number or embryo cohort identifier.
    • Date of embryo biopsy and date the report was issued.
    • Type of PGT performed: PGT-A, PGT-M or PGT-SR.
    • Method used, if stated, such as the technology platform or whether the lab used a fresh or thawed sample.
    • Number of embryos tested and number with a result.
    • Whether any embryos were not tested or gave no result.

    If any of these details are unclear, ask the clinic to clarify them in writing. A report that cannot be linked confidently to your cycle is difficult to interpret.

    Understanding the main result categories

    PGT reports often use a small set of terms. The exact wording varies by laboratory, so always ask the clinic to explain the terms used in your report.

    Term Plain-English meaning What it does not tell you
    Euploid The laboratory found the expected number of chromosomes for the type of test performed. It does not guarantee implantation, pregnancy or a healthy child.
    Aneuploid The laboratory found an extra or missing chromosome, or another chromosome number difference. It does not describe every possible feature of that embryo, and it does not predict how any future pregnancy would develop.
    Mosaic The laboratory found a mix of cells with different chromosome patterns in the sample. It does not mean the embryo will definitely develop in a particular way. Mosaic results are often discussed case by case.
    Inconclusive or no result The laboratory could not produce a clear result for that embryo. It does not mean the embryo is abnormal. It means the test did not give a clear answer.
    Affected or unaffected (PGT-M or PGT-SR) The laboratory found or did not find the specific genetic change being tested for. It does not rule out other genetic conditions that were not part of the test.

    Some reports include a percentage or a confidence note next to a mosaic result. These details can be technical. Ask the laboratory or your clinician to explain what the number means for your report rather than interpreting it yourself.

    Checklist: questions to ask about each embryo result

    For every embryo listed, you can note the result and then ask the clinic these questions. The answers help you understand the report without turning it into a self-diagnosis.

    1. What does this result mean in plain language for this specific embryo?
    2. Was the result clear, borderline or inconclusive?
    3. If the result is mosaic, how does the clinic usually discuss mosaic results with patients?
    4. Does the report include a recommendation, or is the decision left to me and my clinician?
    5. Are there any embryos with no result, and what are the options for those embryos?
    6. How does this result fit with the rest of my IVF cycle information?
    7. What would you want me to understand before I decide anything?

    PGT-A, PGT-M and PGT-SR: why the type matters

    The same word can carry different weight depending on the test. A PGT-A report is usually about chromosome number across the embryo. A PGT-M report is usually about a specific inherited condition that was known before testing. A PGT-SR report is usually about a structural rearrangement that was identified in a parent or donor.

    Because of these differences, a result that looks simple on paper may need a more detailed explanation. For example, a PGT-M result may say an embryo is unaffected for the condition tested, but that does not mean all genetic risks are excluded. A PGT-A result may say an embryo is euploid, but that does not guarantee a pregnancy. Ask your clinician to explain the scope and limits of the specific test you had.

    Limitations to keep in mind

    PGT is a screening and diagnostic laboratory tool with technical limits. It cannot detect every possible genetic or health issue. It cannot predict how an embryo will develop after transfer. It cannot guarantee a successful pregnancy, a live birth or a healthy child. Some results are uncertain, and some embryos may be reported as mosaic or inconclusive.

    PGT is also not necessary or suitable for every patient or every IVF cycle. Whether PGT is appropriate depends on your medical history, your reasons for testing and the advice of your treating clinician. A PGT report is one piece of information among many, not a final answer.

    Preparing for your conversation with a genetic counselor or clinician

    Before your appointment, organize your questions in writing. If the report is in Thai or another language, ask the clinic whether an English version or a translated summary is available. If you are joining by phone or video, confirm the time zone and whether an interpreter can be arranged.

    • Ask who will explain the report: a genetic counselor, a clinician or both.
    • Ask whether the laboratory that performed the test can be contacted for technical questions.
    • Ask how the clinic handles results that are mosaic or inconclusive.
    • Ask what information the clinic needs from you before the discussion.
    • Ask for the explanation in writing if you may need to review it later.
    • Take notes and repeat back what you understood, so any misunderstanding can be corrected.

    You can also read more about the general process on our PGT in Thailand page, browse other patient guides in our guides section, or check common questions in our FAQ.

    Next-step checklist after reading the report

    1. Confirm the report belongs to your cycle and that all identifiers match.
    2. Note the PGT type and the result for each embryo.
    3. Mark any term you do not understand, especially mosaic or inconclusive results.
    4. Write down your questions before contacting the clinic.
    5. Ask for a conversation with a genetic counselor or clinician.
    6. Ask for a written summary or translated explanation if needed.
    7. Do not make treatment decisions based only on the report before speaking with your clinician.

    Practical notes for international patients

    Time zones, language and distance can make report discussions harder. Ask the clinic how they usually share results with international patients, whether they offer a scheduled call, and whether they can provide documents in a language you read comfortably. If you are planning travel or a follow-up cycle, ask what information you should bring to your next appointment. Keep copies of all reports and correspondence in one place.

    Costs, visa rules, legal requirements and clinic-specific policies can change. This guide does not state exact prices, documents or legal conclusions. Confirm those details directly with your clinic and, where relevant, with the appropriate authority.

    Frequently asked questions

    What does euploid mean on a PGT report?

    Euploid generally means the laboratory found the expected number of chromosomes for the type of test performed. It does not guarantee that an embryo will implant, lead to a pregnancy or result in a healthy child. Ask your clinician to explain what a euploid result means in your specific situation.

    What is the difference between aneuploid and mosaic?

    Aneuploid usually means the laboratory found an extra or missing chromosome, or another chromosome number difference. Mosaic usually means the laboratory found a mix of cells with different chromosome patterns in the sample. Mosaic results are often discussed case by case because the meaning can be less clear-cut. A genetic counselor or clinician can explain how these terms apply to your report.

    Can I interpret my PGT report without a clinician?

    You can read the report and note the terms, but you should not interpret the results on your own. PGT results need to be considered alongside your medical history, the type of test performed and the limits of the laboratory method. A genetic counselor or clinician can help you understand what the report does and does not tell you.

    What should I do if my PGT report is inconclusive?

    An inconclusive or no-result entry means the laboratory could not produce a clear result for that embryo. It does not automatically mean the embryo is abnormal. Ask your clinic what options exist for embryos with no result and how they usually discuss these situations with patients.

    Does PGT guarantee a healthy baby?

    No. PGT is a laboratory test with technical limits. It cannot detect every possible genetic or health issue, and it cannot guarantee implantation, pregnancy, live birth or child health. It is one part of IVF care, not a guarantee of any outcome.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT Lab Quality Questions to Ask Thai IVF Clinics: A Guide for International Patients

    When comparing PGT laboratory quality at Thai IVF clinics, the most useful step is to ask direct, specific questions and request written confirmation. Laboratory quality is not a single badge or machine; it is a combination of accreditation, staff experience, internal validation, and transparent reporting. Because published, clinic-specific laboratory data are often limited, treat any claim you cannot verify as a question to explore rather than a fact to rely on. This guide gives you a structured set of questions to ask each clinic, explains why each topic matters, and helps you compare answers consistently.

    At a glance

    • Ask for the laboratory’s accreditation status and the scope of that accreditation.
    • Ask who performs the embryo biopsy and how their competency is maintained.
    • Ask how the laboratory validates and monitors its PGT workflows.
    • Ask what the report will include and who explains it to you.
    • Ask how samples are tracked, stored, and shipped if relevant.
    • Confirm all details in writing before you commit.

    Why laboratory quality matters for PGT

    Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) involves removing a small number of cells from an embryo and analyzing its DNA. The result can influence which embryo is selected for transfer. Because the starting sample is very small, the laboratory’s technical performance and quality controls matter. A well-run laboratory uses validated protocols, monitors its performance over time, and reports results with appropriate caveats. However, no laboratory can guarantee a pregnancy, a live birth, or a child without a genetic condition. PGT is a screening or diagnostic tool with limitations, and it is not necessary or suitable for every patient. Your treating clinic can explain whether PGT is relevant in your situation.

    Key lab quality indicators to ask about

    Accreditation and certification

    Accreditation is an external review of a laboratory’s quality management system. It is not a guarantee of a good outcome, but it indicates that the laboratory has met certain process standards. Ask which specific accreditation or certification the laboratory holds, which organization granted it, and what activities are covered. For example, some laboratories are accredited for genetic testing, while others may hold a broader medical laboratory accreditation. Ask whether the accreditation is current and whether you can see a certificate or a summary of the scope. If a clinic says it is “accredited,” ask for the exact name of the accrediting body and the certificate number if available. You can then verify this directly with the accrediting organization if you wish.

    Equipment and technology

    The specific platforms used for PGT can vary. Ask what technology the laboratory uses for the type of PGT you are considering (PGT-A, PGT-M, or PGT-SR). You do not need to become an expert in the technology, but you can ask how the laboratory validates its platform, how it handles samples that do not give a clear result, and whether it participates in external quality assessment schemes. External quality assessment (also called proficiency testing) involves an outside organization sending blinded samples to the laboratory to check accuracy. Ask if the laboratory participates in such schemes and how often.

    Embryologist and laboratory staff experience

    The embryologist who performs the embryo biopsy and the laboratory scientists who run the genetic analysis are central to quality. Ask who will perform the biopsy, what their training and certification are, and how many procedures they perform. Ask how the laboratory maintains competency, for example through continuing education or internal audits. You can also ask whether the same team handles your case from start to finish or whether parts are outsourced. If any part is sent to another laboratory, ask which laboratory and whether it holds relevant accreditation.

    Quality control and internal validation

    Laboratories should have written standard operating procedures and internal quality control measures. Ask how the laboratory monitors its performance, how it handles equipment calibration, and how it documents deviations or errors. Ask whether the laboratory has a process for reviewing inconclusive or failed results and how it communicates these to the clinic and to you. A laboratory that can describe its quality system clearly is often more transparent than one that gives only general assurances.

    Reporting and interpretation

    Ask what the PGT report will include. Does it state the result clearly, note any limitations, and indicate whether a result is inconclusive? Ask who will explain the report to you—your treating physician, a genetic counselor, or another specialist. If a result is uncertain, ask what the next steps would be. Understanding how results are reported and interpreted helps you make informed decisions and avoids over-reliance on a single number or label.

    Sample tracking and chain of custody

    From embryo biopsy to genetic analysis, samples must be tracked accurately. Ask how the laboratory labels and tracks samples, how it prevents mix-ups, and how it stores samples. If samples are shipped to another facility, ask about the shipping process and how temperature and chain of custody are maintained. These are practical questions that can reveal how organized and careful the laboratory is.

    Questions to ask each clinic

    Use the following list as a starting point. You can copy it into an email or use it during a consultation. Ask for written answers where possible so you can compare clinics consistently.

    1. Which laboratory will perform the PGT analysis for my case? Is it on-site or a partner laboratory?
    2. What accreditation or certification does that laboratory hold, and what is the scope of that accreditation?
    3. Who performs the embryo biopsy, and what is their training and experience?
    4. What technology is used for the specific PGT test I need, and how is it validated?
    5. Does the laboratory participate in external quality assessment or proficiency testing? How often?
    6. How does the laboratory handle inconclusive or failed results?
    7. What will the PGT report include, and who will explain it to me?
    8. How are samples tracked and stored, and what happens if samples need to be shipped?
    9. Can you provide a sample report or a summary of the laboratory’s quality controls?
    10. What are the limitations of PGT in my situation, and what alternatives should I consider?

    How to compare answers across clinics

    When you receive answers, compare them using consistent criteria. For example, you might create a simple table with columns for accreditation, biopsy personnel, technology, external quality assessment, and reporting. Note where a clinic gives a clear, specific answer and where it is vague. A clinic that cannot answer detailed questions may still provide good care, but the lack of transparency is worth noting. Remember that no clinic or laboratory can guarantee a successful outcome, and PGT is not a required step for all patients. Your decision should be based on your medical situation, your values, and a balanced discussion with a qualified healthcare provider.

    Next steps for international patients

    Before you travel or commit to treatment, gather written answers to the questions above. Ask for a video consultation with the embryologist or laboratory director if possible. Confirm costs, timelines, and what happens if you need additional testing. Check the clinic’s policy on remote consultations and follow-up. For more general information about PGT in Thailand, see our PGT in Thailand guide. You can also browse hospitals and guides for planning, and visit our FAQ for common questions. Always confirm legal, travel, and documentation requirements with the relevant authorities and your treating clinic, as these can change.

    Frequently asked questions

    What accreditation should a PGT laboratory in Thailand have?

    Accreditation requirements vary, and there is no single mandatory accreditation for PGT laboratories in Thailand that applies to all clinics. Instead, ask each clinic which specific accreditation or certification its laboratory holds, which organization granted it, and what activities are covered. You can then verify this with the accrediting body if you wish. A laboratory may also participate in external quality assessment schemes, which is another indicator of quality monitoring. Because regulations and accreditations can change, confirm current status directly with the clinic.

    How can I verify a clinic's claims about its PGT laboratory?

    Ask for written details, such as the name of the accrediting organization, certificate numbers, or a summary of the laboratory's quality control procedures. You can contact the accrediting organization to confirm that a certificate is valid. You can also ask for a sample PGT report (with patient details removed) to see how results are presented. If a clinic cannot provide specific information, consider that a sign to ask more questions or seek a second opinion. No clinic can guarantee outcomes, so focus on transparency and process.

    Does a better-equipped laboratory mean a higher chance of pregnancy?

    Not necessarily. Laboratory quality is one factor among many that can influence IVF outcomes, including your age, the reason for treatment, and the clinic's overall care. A well-equipped laboratory with good quality controls may reduce technical errors, but it cannot guarantee a pregnancy or a healthy child. Be cautious of any claim that a specific laboratory or technology guarantees success. Discuss your individual situation with a qualified healthcare provider.

    Is PGT necessary for all international patients doing IVF in Thailand?

    No. PGT is not necessary or appropriate for everyone. It may be considered for specific reasons, such as a known genetic condition in the family, a history of recurrent pregnancy loss, or certain age-related considerations. Whether PGT is right for you depends on your medical history and your goals. Your treating clinic can explain the potential benefits and limitations in your case. PGT is a screening or diagnostic tool, not a guarantee of a successful outcome.

    What should I do if a clinic's answers about its laboratory are vague?

    If a clinic gives vague answers, ask follow-up questions in writing. For example, request the exact name of the accrediting body, the specific technology used, and who performs the biopsy. If the clinic still cannot provide clear information, you may want to compare other clinics or seek a second opinion. Transparency about laboratory processes is a reasonable expectation, even though no clinic can guarantee results. Trust your judgment and prioritize clear communication.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT IVF Previous Cycle Review: Questions and Records to Prepare for a Thailand Consultation

    If you have already completed an IVF cycle and are considering PGT in Thailand, a structured review of your previous treatment can help you make better use of a consultation. The goal is not to repeat old tests or to predict a new outcome, but to give the clinic a clear picture of what was done, what was learned and what remains uncertain. This checklist covers the records to gather, the questions to ask and the practical steps to organise before you contact a Thai clinic.

    At a glance

    • Gather cycle summaries, stimulation protocols, embryology reports and any PGT results.
    • Write a short timeline of your fertility history, including dates and outcomes.
    • Prepare questions about how your history may inform future planning, without expecting guarantees.
    • Confirm what the clinic needs, how records should be sent and what costs may apply.
    • Keep copies of everything you send, and ask how your information will be stored and shared.

    Why a previous cycle review matters

    A previous IVF cycle contains useful information: how your ovaries responded to stimulation, how many eggs were retrieved and fertilised, how embryos developed, and whether any embryos were tested with PGT. Reviewing these details can help a clinic understand your history and discuss possible options. It does not guarantee a different result, and no clinic can promise embryos, pregnancy or a live birth. The review is a planning conversation, not a diagnosis or an eligibility decision.

    Records to collect before your consultation

    Ask your previous clinic for copies of the following. If some items are unavailable, note that in your summary rather than leaving gaps unexplained.

    Cycle and stimulation records

    • Dates of the cycle, including start of stimulation, trigger and retrieval.
    • Stimulation protocol: medication names, doses, duration and any changes made during the cycle.
    • Monitoring results: ultrasound findings and hormone blood test results, with dates.
    • Trigger details and timing.
    • Number of eggs retrieved, and how many were mature.

    Fertilisation and embryo development

    • Fertilisation method used (for example, conventional IVF or ICSI) and the number of eggs fertilised.
    • Embryo development reports: how many embryos were created, their stage and grade on the days they were assessed, and whether any were frozen.
    • Any notes on embryo quality or development that seemed unusual or slow.
    • Outcomes of any embryo transfers, including whether a pregnancy test was positive and what happened afterwards.

    PGT and genetic testing records

    • Whether PGT was performed, and which type (for example, PGT-A, PGT-M or PGT-SR).
    • The laboratory report, including how many embryos were tested and the result for each embryo.
    • Any genetic counselling notes or carrier screening results that informed the decision to test.
    • If PGT was not performed, any reasons discussed at the time.

    Other relevant history

    • Any previous fertility assessments, surgeries or diagnoses.
    • Medications or supplements you take, with doses.
    • Relevant family history or genetic conditions, if known.
    • Any allergies or past reactions to medication.

    How to organise your records

    A clear summary helps the clinic review your history efficiently. Consider preparing:

    • A one-page timeline of fertility events, with dates and outcomes.
    • A list of the records you are sending, so the clinic can confirm what arrived.
    • Translations if the original documents are not in English or Thai; ask the clinic whether certified translation is needed.
    • Digital copies in a common format, and paper copies for your own reference.

    Do not send original documents unless you are asked to and have a safe way to do so. Keep a copy of everything you share.

    Questions to ask a Thai clinic

    These questions can help you understand how the clinic approaches previous cycle reviews. Write down the answers and ask for clarification if something is unclear.

    About the review process

    • What records do you need from my previous cycle, and in what format?
    • Who will review my history, and will I have a chance to discuss it directly?
    • How long does a review usually take, and is it done before or during a consultation?
    • Are there any records you cannot use or that need to be repeated?

    About PGT planning

    • Based on my history, what questions would you want to explore before recommending PGT?
    • Which type of PGT might be relevant in my situation, and why?
    • What are the limitations of PGT that I should understand?
    • If PGT was done before, how would you interpret those results alongside my new cycle?

    About practical arrangements

    • What costs are involved in a review, and what might be charged separately?
    • How long would I need to stay in Thailand for monitoring, retrieval and any transfer?
    • What documents do I need to bring, and are there any legal or consent requirements I should confirm?
    • How do you communicate with international patients, and what is the expected response time?

    Preparing for the consultation

    Before your appointment, decide what you most want to understand. You might prioritise:

    • Whether your previous stimulation approach could be adjusted, and what that might involve.
    • How embryo development in the previous cycle might inform discussions about future cycles.
    • Whether PGT is appropriate for your situation, and what the results can and cannot tell you.
    • What alternatives exist if you decide not to pursue PGT.

    Bring your summary, your questions and a way to take notes. It can help to have a partner or support person join, if allowed.

    Next-step checklist

    1. Request your full cycle records from the previous clinic.
    2. Create a one-page timeline and a list of records.
    3. Check whether translations are needed.
    4. Write your top five questions for the Thai clinic.
    5. Contact the clinic to confirm what they need and how to send it.
    6. Ask about costs, timelines and any legal or consent steps.
    7. Keep copies of everything you send and receive.

    Related resources

    For more context, see PGT in Thailand, explore patient resources, or contact us with questions. You can also read our FAQ for general information.

    Frequently asked questions

    What if I cannot get all my previous IVF records?

    Gather what you can and note what is missing. A clinic can still discuss your history, but incomplete records may limit how much detail can be reviewed. Ask the clinic what alternatives they suggest, such as a summary letter from your previous doctor.

    Do I need to have PGT done before consulting a clinic in Thailand?

    No. A review can include a discussion about whether PGT might be relevant for you. The clinic can explain what information they need and whether any additional testing is appropriate. No clinic can guarantee that PGT will be recommended or that it will lead to a particular outcome.

    How should I send my medical records to a clinic in Thailand?

    Ask the clinic which format they prefer, such as secure email or a patient portal. Do not send original documents unless instructed and you have a safe method. Keep copies of everything you share and confirm that the clinic has received it.

    Will a previous cycle review tell me my chances of success?

    A review can help a clinic understand your history and discuss possible approaches, but it cannot predict your chances of success. IVF and PGT outcomes depend on many factors, and no responsible clinic will guarantee embryos, pregnancy or a live birth.

    What costs are involved in a previous cycle review in Thailand?

    Costs vary by clinic and by what is included. Ask the clinic for a written breakdown of any review fees, consultation charges and potential treatment costs. Be cautious of any quote that seems to guarantee a result or omits significant items.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • Embryo Storage Fee Renewal in Thailand: Questions for International Patients

    Embryo storage fee renewal in Thailand is an administrative process that keeps your cryopreserved embryos available at the clinic where they are stored. Renewal usually involves confirming your identity, paying a periodic storage fee, and updating your contact and consent details. Because clinics set their own fees, timelines, and policies, the exact amount and due dates vary. This guide explains the questions to ask, the cost components to compare, and the steps for renewal, payment, lapse, and release so you can plan with fewer surprises.

    At a glance

    • Storage fees are separate from IVF treatment, medication, and embryo transfer costs.
    • Renewal is typically periodic (for example, annual or multi-year), but the cycle length is clinic-specific.
    • Payment methods for international patients may include international bank transfer, card, or online payment; confirm what your clinic accepts.
    • If a payment lapses, clinics may follow a defined process before any decision about the embryos; ask for that process in writing.
    • Release or transfer of embryos usually requires identity verification, signed consent, and coordination between clinics.
    • Always request a written storage agreement and a current fee schedule before you pay.

    What does an embryo storage fee actually cover?

    An embryo storage fee is generally a service fee for maintaining cryopreserved embryos in a controlled environment. It is not a treatment fee and does not guarantee any future clinical outcome. The fee may cover:

    • Ongoing cryostorage in liquid nitrogen or a similar cryogenic system.
    • Monitoring and maintenance of storage tanks and alarms.
    • Administrative record-keeping and periodic account updates.
    • Basic handling related to storage, such as inventory checks.

    Some clinics separate storage from other services. Ask whether the following are included or charged separately:

    • Embryo thawing and preparation for transfer.
    • Embryo transfer procedure.
    • Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) if not already completed.
    • Shipping or courier costs for transfer to another clinic or country.
    • Administrative fees for release, consent review, or records.

    Because clinics structure fees differently, compare quotes on the same basis. A lower storage fee may not be lower overall if handling or release fees are separate.

    How to compare storage renewal quotes

    When you request a renewal quote, ask for a written breakdown. Use the table below as a checklist of categories to compare. Do not assume any category is included unless the clinic confirms it in writing.

    Category What to ask
    Storage period How long does the fee cover? Is it annual, multi-year, or another cycle?
    Number of embryos Is the fee per embryo, per straw/vial, or per patient account?
    Currency and taxes What currency is billed? Are taxes or bank charges added?
    Payment methods Which methods are accepted for international patients? Who bears transfer fees?
    Renewal notice How and when will the clinic remind you before the due date?
    Late or lapse policy What happens if payment is late? What is the process and timeline?
    Release or transfer What fees and documents apply if you move embryos to another clinic?
    Consent updates Do you need to update consent or contact details at each renewal?

    Ask for the quote in writing and keep a copy. If a clinic cannot confirm a category, treat it as unconfirmed rather than assuming it is included.

    Renewal timeline: what to expect

    Renewal timelines vary by clinic. A typical sequence may look like this, but confirm each step with your clinic:

    1. Notice: The clinic sends a renewal reminder before the storage period ends. Ask how you will be contacted and update your email and phone number.
    2. Quote: You request or receive a current fee quote. Confirm what the fee covers and the payment deadline.
    3. Identity and consent: You may need to confirm your identity and review or update consent forms.
    4. Payment: You pay using an accepted method. Keep the receipt and confirmation.
    5. Confirmation: The clinic confirms renewal in writing. Ask for a statement showing the new storage period end date.

    If you are planning a transfer or release, start earlier. Coordination between clinics, courier arrangements, and document review can take time, and timelines are clinic-specific.

    Payment methods for international patients

    Payment options differ by clinic. Common categories include international bank transfer, credit or debit card, and online payment platforms. Ask:

    • Which methods are accepted for storage renewal?
    • Who pays international transfer fees and currency conversion costs?
    • Is there a payment deadline or grace period?
    • What receipt or confirmation will you receive?
    • Can someone else pay on your behalf, and what authorization is needed?

    Do not send payment to an account that is not confirmed by the clinic through an official channel. Verify payment instructions directly with the clinic before transferring funds.

    What happens if storage fees lapse?

    Policies on late or unpaid storage fees are clinic-specific and may be governed by your storage agreement and local requirements. Do not assume that embryos are automatically discarded or automatically retained. Ask your clinic for its written policy covering:

    • How late payment is defined and whether a grace period applies.
    • What notices the clinic sends and through which channels.
    • What options you have if you cannot pay, such as a payment plan or a decision about the embryos.
    • What the clinic does if it cannot reach you.
    • How you can update your contact details to avoid missed notices.

    If you are unsure about your account status, contact the clinic directly and ask for a written statement. Keep records of all communication.

    How to request release or transfer of embryos

    If you want to move embryos to another clinic or country, the process usually involves several steps. Confirm the details with both the releasing and receiving clinics.

    1. Ask the releasing clinic for its release policy, required documents, fees, and expected timeline.
    2. Ask the receiving clinic what it needs to accept embryos, including any import or shipping requirements.
    3. Confirm identity and consent requirements. You may need to sign release forms and provide identification.
    4. Arrange shipping through a qualified courier or the clinics’ preferred method. Confirm who coordinates the shipment and who pays.
    5. Track and confirm that the receiving clinic has stored the embryos and that the releasing clinic has closed your storage account.

    Legal and regulatory requirements for moving embryos across borders vary. Ask the clinics and, where relevant, the appropriate authorities what applies to your situation. This guide does not provide legal advice.

    Checklist for reviewing your storage agreement

    Use this checklist when you review or renew a storage agreement. It is not legal advice; it is a set of questions to clarify with the clinic.

    • Does the agreement state the storage period, renewal terms, and fee schedule?
    • Does it explain what happens if payment is late or if you cannot be reached?
    • Does it describe how you can request release, transfer, or a decision about the embryos?
    • Does it explain how to update your contact details and consent preferences?
    • Does it state which fees are included and which are separate?
    • Does it explain how disputes or questions are handled?
    • Do you have a copy of the signed agreement and the current fee schedule?

    If any point is unclear, ask the clinic to explain it in writing before you renew.

    Questions to ask your clinic before renewing

    • What is the exact storage period covered by this renewal fee?
    • Is the fee per embryo, per vial, or per account?
    • What payment methods do you accept from international patients?
    • What is the deadline, and is there a grace period?
    • How will you notify me before the next renewal?
    • What happens if I miss a payment or cannot be contacted?
    • What are the steps and costs to release or transfer my embryos?
    • Do I need to update consent or identity documents at each renewal?
    • Can you provide a written statement of my current storage status?

    Next steps

    Start by locating your most recent storage agreement and fee schedule. Contact your clinic to confirm your account status, the current renewal fee, and the payment deadline. If you are considering a transfer, ask both clinics for their requirements early. For more context on costs and planning, see our guides on embryo storage cost in Thailand and IVF cost in Thailand. You can also visit our patient resources or contact us with questions.

    Frequently asked questions

    How often do I need to renew embryo storage in Thailand?

    Renewal cycles are set by each clinic and may be annual, multi-year, or another period. Check your storage agreement or ask your clinic for the exact cycle and due date. Do not assume a standard period applies across clinics.

    What happens if I miss a storage fee payment?

    Policies vary by clinic and may be described in your storage agreement. Some clinics send reminders and allow a grace period; others may follow a defined process if payment is late. Ask your clinic for its written policy and keep your contact details up to date so you receive notices.

    Can I pay embryo storage fees from another country?

    Many clinics accept international payment methods, but the options differ. Ask which methods are accepted, who pays transfer or currency conversion fees, and what confirmation you will receive. Always verify payment instructions directly with the clinic before sending money.

    How do I request release or transfer of my embryos to another clinic?

    Contact the releasing clinic for its release policy, required documents, fees, and timeline. Ask the receiving clinic what it needs to accept the embryos. Identity verification, signed consent, and shipping arrangements are commonly required, but the exact steps depend on the clinics and any applicable regulations.

    Are storage fees included in IVF treatment packages?

    Storage is often billed separately from IVF treatment, medication, and embryo transfer. Ask your clinic for a written breakdown of what is included in any package and what is charged separately, including release or transfer fees.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • How to Choose a PGT Laboratory in Thailand: A Guide for International Patients

    Choosing a PGT laboratory in Thailand is not the same as choosing a clinic. Many Thai IVF clinics work with one or more genetics laboratories, and the lab performs the actual embryo biopsy analysis and reporting. For international patients, the practical question is: which lab will handle your embryos, and how does that lab’s scope, communication, and logistics fit your situation? This guide gives you a structured way to compare labs and ask better questions. It does not recommend a specific lab, because the right fit depends on your clinical needs, your clinic’s workflow, and what you can verify directly.

    At a glance

    • PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR are different tests with different lab requirements.
    • Accreditation and quality systems matter, but they are only one part of lab selection.
    • Ask how results are reported, who explains them, and what happens if results are inconclusive.
    • Confirm sample transport, timelines, and costs in writing before treatment.
    • Your clinic’s lab relationships may limit your choice; ask early.

    Why lab selection deserves its own conversation

    In IVF with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), a few cells are removed from an embryo and sent to a genetics laboratory for analysis. The lab’s job is to produce a reliable result that your clinic can use when deciding which embryo(s) to transfer. Because the lab step sits between the clinic and your transfer decision, a mismatch in expectations, scope, or turnaround time can affect your planning even when the clinical care is good.

    International patients often compare clinics first and labs second. That order can work, but it helps to ask about the lab early, because some clinics work with a preferred lab while others may offer a choice. The lab you end up with can influence how your samples are handled, how results are worded, and how quickly you can move to the next step.

    Start with the test you actually need

    PGT is an umbrella term. The lab requirements differ by test type, so clarify which test is being considered for your case before comparing labs.

    • PGT-A (aneuploidy screening): Looks at chromosome number in embryos. It is used to identify embryos with extra or missing chromosomes. It does not diagnose a specific inherited condition and does not guarantee a healthy pregnancy.
    • PGT-M (monogenic disease): Looks for a specific inherited condition caused by a single gene change. It usually requires a known familial mutation and often a custom test setup, which can take additional time.
    • PGT-SR (structural rearrangement): Used when a parent has a known chromosome rearrangement, such as a translocation or inversion. It requires lab expertise in structural chromosome analysis.

    Not every lab offers every test, and not every clinic offers every lab option. If your case involves PGT-M or PGT-SR, ask whether the lab has relevant experience and whether a custom probe or test validation is needed. If your case involves PGT-A only, the comparison may focus more on reporting, logistics, and quality systems.

    Core criteria for comparing PGT laboratories

    Use the same criteria for each lab so your comparison is consistent. The table below lists decision areas and what to ask. It does not include specific lab names or figures, because those must be verified directly with the clinic or lab.

    Decision area What to ask Why it matters
    Accreditation and quality systems Which accreditations does the lab hold? How does it participate in external quality assessment? Indicates a structured approach to quality, but does not by itself guarantee outcomes.
    Test scope Does the lab offer PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR? Does it handle custom tests? Your test type must match the lab’s capabilities.
    Sample logistics How are biopsy samples transported? Who is responsible at each step? Transport errors or delays can affect sample integrity and timelines.
    Turnaround time What is the typical reporting time? Does it differ by test type? Affects whether you can do a fresh or frozen transfer and how you plan travel.
    Reporting and communication What does the report include? Who explains it to you? Is a genetic counselor involved? Clear reporting helps you understand results and limitations.
    Inconclusive or failed results What happens if a sample fails or results are inconclusive? Is re-testing possible? Sets expectations and may affect decision-making.
    Cost transparency What is included in the lab fee? Are there separate charges for custom tests or re-runs? Helps you compare total costs, not just headline prices.
    Data and privacy How are genetic data stored and shared? What consent is required? Genetic information is sensitive and may have legal implications.

    Accreditation and quality: what to verify

    Accreditation is a useful starting point, but it is not a complete picture. Ask which specific accreditations the lab holds and whether they are current. You can also ask whether the lab participates in proficiency testing or external quality assessment schemes for the tests you need. If a clinic says it works with an accredited lab, ask for the lab’s name and how you can verify its status directly.

    Quality systems also include internal controls, validation of new tests, and how the lab handles discrepancies. You do not need to become a lab expert, but you can ask how the lab monitors accuracy and what happens when a result is unclear.

    Logistics for international patients

    For international patients, lab selection is also a logistics decision. Embryo biopsy usually happens at the clinic, and the sample then goes to the lab. If the lab is off-site or in another city, transport arrangements matter. Ask who coordinates transport, how samples are tracked, and what contingency plans exist for delays.

    Turnaround time affects your travel. If results take longer than expected, you may need to stay longer, change flights, or plan for a frozen embryo transfer instead of a fresh one. Ask for a realistic range, not a best-case number, and ask how you will be notified of delays.

    If you are planning to return home between retrieval and transfer, clarify how results will be communicated internationally and whether your local doctor can receive them. Cross-border communication can add steps, so confirm who your main contact will be.

    Reporting, counseling, and informed consent

    A PGT report is a technical document. It should be explained in plain language by someone who understands both the lab result and your clinical context. Ask whether the clinic provides genetic counseling before and after testing. Counseling helps you understand what a result does and does not mean, including the possibility of mosaicism, inconclusive results, or variants of uncertain significance.

    Informed consent for PGT should cover what is tested, what is not tested, the limitations of the test, and what happens to your samples and data. If you are comparing labs, ask to see a sample report (with identifiers removed) so you can judge how clearly results are presented.

    Cost categories to compare

    Lab fees vary, and the cheapest option is not automatically the best fit. Compare cost categories rather than a single number. Typical categories include:

    • Test setup or custom probe development (for PGT-M or PGT-SR)
    • Per-embryo or per-sample analysis fee
    • Biopsy-related charges (often billed by the clinic, not the lab)
    • Shipping and handling for samples
    • Re-analysis or re-run fees if a sample fails
    • Genetic counseling or consultation fees

    Ask for a written breakdown and clarify which costs are paid to the clinic and which to the lab. Currency, payment timing, and refund policies are also worth confirming in writing.

    Questions to ask your clinic about lab choice

    1. Which laboratory or laboratories do you work with for PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR?
    2. Can I choose a different lab, or is the lab determined by the clinic?
    3. What accreditations does the lab hold, and how can I verify them?
    4. What is the typical turnaround time for my test type, and what is the realistic range?
    5. How are samples transported, and who is responsible if there is a delay?
    6. What does the report include, and who will explain it to me?
    7. What happens if a sample fails or the result is inconclusive?
    8. What are the total lab-related costs, including any custom test or re-run fees?
    9. How is my genetic data stored, shared, and protected?
    10. Can my local doctor receive the results, and in what format?

    Limitations and alternatives to keep in mind

    PGT is a screening or diagnostic tool with limitations. It does not guarantee a successful pregnancy, a live birth, or a child without health conditions. Some embryos may be mosaic, meaning the result is not a simple positive or negative. In some cases, testing may not be appropriate, and your clinic may recommend proceeding without PGT or using a different approach.

    If you are comparing labs, remember that lab quality is one factor among many. Your age, embryo quality, clinic expertise, and transfer planning also matter. A lab cannot compensate for all clinical variables, and no lab can promise an outcome.

    Next steps for your lab comparison

    1. Clarify which PGT test is being considered for your case.
    2. Ask your clinic which labs it works with and whether you have a choice.
    3. Request the lab’s name and verify its accreditation status directly.
    4. Ask for a sample report and a written cost breakdown.
    5. Confirm logistics, turnaround time, and communication plans in writing.
    6. Discuss limitations and alternatives with a qualified professional before deciding.

    You can also review our PGT in Thailand overview, compare hospitals, explore guides, and check the FAQ for more context. Always confirm details with your treating clinic and the relevant laboratory before making decisions.

    Frequently asked questions

    Can I choose which PGT laboratory my embryos are sent to in Thailand?

    Sometimes, but not always. Some clinics work with a preferred laboratory, while others may offer a choice. Ask your clinic early whether you can select a lab and what the process would involve. If you cannot choose, ask which lab will be used and how to verify its credentials.

    What is the difference between PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR when comparing labs?

    PGT-A screens for chromosome number, PGT-M looks for a specific inherited condition, and PGT-SR looks for a known structural chromosome rearrangement. Labs may differ in which tests they offer and their experience with each. Match the lab's scope to the test your clinic recommends for your situation.

    How long do PGT results take in Thailand?

    Turnaround times vary by laboratory, test type, and whether a custom test is needed. Ask your clinic for a realistic range rather than a single number, and confirm how delays are communicated. This helps you plan travel and decide between a fresh or frozen embryo transfer.

    Does a good PGT lab guarantee a successful pregnancy?

    No. PGT is a tool that provides information about embryos, but it does not guarantee pregnancy, live birth, or a child without health conditions. Many factors affect outcomes, including embryo quality, maternal age, and clinical care. Discuss what PGT can and cannot do with your treating clinician.

    What should I ask about genetic data privacy when choosing a lab?

    Ask how your genetic data and samples are stored, who can access them, how long they are kept, and whether they are shared with third parties. Confirm what consent is required and how you can request deletion or withdrawal where applicable. Privacy rules may vary, so ask for the lab's policy in writing.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • Thailand PGT IVF Clinic Shortlist for International Patients: A Transparent Comparison

    If you are an international patient considering PGT (preimplantation genetic testing) in Thailand, building a shortlist of clinics is a practical first step. This guide offers a transparent, criteria-based comparison of selected PGT-capable providers in Bangkok. It is not a ranking by success rates or clinical outcomes. Instead, it helps you organise your research, ask better questions, and request written confirmation of the details that matter to you. Always confirm current services, laboratory arrangements, pricing, and eligibility directly with each clinic.

    At a glance

    • What this is: An editorial shortlist of PGT-capable clinics in Thailand, ordered for comparison purposes only.
    • What this is not: A success-rate ranking, a medical recommendation, or a guarantee of treatment access.
    • Key criteria: PGT services, laboratory pathway, accreditation, international patient support, location, and pricing transparency.
    • Your next step: Use the comparison table and question list to request written details from each clinic you are considering.

    How we built this shortlist

    We selected providers from our published hospital library that have documented PGT-related services or a clear fertility focus. The order below is an editorial comparison, not a clinical outcome ranking. DHC appears first because it is a hospital partner of Thailand PGT; this relationship is disclosed in the partner disclosure field and does not imply that DHC is clinically superior or universally recommended. Other providers are listed alphabetically or by relevance to the shortlisting criteria. We have not included clinics that lack sufficient public information about PGT or fertility laboratory services.

    Comparison of PGT-capable clinics in Thailand

    Request omitted details directly. Prices and success rates are not comparable across clinics without identical case definitions and inclusion criteria.

    Provider Location PGT services listed Laboratory / accreditation notes International patient notes Price reference (if listed)
    Deep & Harmonicare IVF Center (DHC) Rama 9 area, Bangkok (2483 Phetchaburi Rd, Khwaeng Bang Kapi, Khet Huai Khwang) PGT, IVF, ICSI, embryo culture, egg freezing, embryo freezing, embryo transfer Holds JCI, ISO 9001, RTAC, CAP and UK NEQAS certifications or quality credentials; materials list Embryoscope+, Geri incubators, IVF Witness, IMSI and MACS Dedicated fertility center; ask about international patient support June 2026 reference price for basic single-cycle medical package: THB 490,000; final costs vary
    Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center Huai Hwang, Bangkok (5th Floor, D Building, Bangkok Hospital Headquarter) PGT-A, IVF, ICSI, egg and embryo freezing, semen analysis, gynaecologic surgery support In-house embryology laboratory; reproductive endocrinologists and embryologists; multidisciplinary care Fly-in packages available; international patient services likely Fly-in packages reviewed July 2026: THB 335,000 from stimulation through embryo transfer; THB 456,000 with PGT and freezing for two embryos; valid to 31 December 2026; terms apply
    Jetanin Hospital Pathum Wan, Bangkok PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR using NGS and Sanger sequencing; IVF/ICSI, IUI, IMSI, PESA/TESE, egg and embryo freezing, blastocyst culture, EmbryoScope, sperm testing, genetic carrier screening In-house embryo, genetics, and sperm laboratories; states first IVF centre in Southeast Asia accredited by both JCI and RTAC; ISO 15189 and ISO 15190 laboratory standards; annual quality-control audits Specialist fertility hospital; team includes counsellors; ask about international patient support Request a written quotation.
    MedPark IVF Fertility and Genetics Center Khlong Toei, Bangkok PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR; IVF/ICSI, IUI, egg, sperm and embryo freezing, recurrent miscarriage evaluation, fertility preservation ESHRE-certified embryologists, time-lapse incubation, AI-assisted embryo assessment Located within MedPark Hospital; ask about international patient support Official page listed IVF/ICSI package at THB 280,000 when reviewed; validity, medication, PGT, freezing, storage, transfer and exclusions require written confirmation
    Superior A.R.T. Thailand Ratchathewi, Bangkok IVF, ICSI, PGT pathways Specialist assisted-reproduction and genetics center; established 2007; assisted-reproduction laboratories Ask about international patient support Request a written quotation.
    Prime Fertility Clinic Pearl Bangkok, Bangkok IVF, ICSI, embryo freezing, assisted hatching; confirm whether PGT is available JCI Ambulatory Care accreditation described in listing International-patient care described in listing Request a written quotation.
    Bumrungrad International Hospital Central Bangkok IVF, ICSI, reproductive medicine; confirm whether PGT is available Large multidisciplinary hospital; integrated setting may interest patients needing other specialties International patient services likely; confirm fertility team and laboratory details Request a written quotation.

    Note: This table is for orientation only. It does not rank clinics by quality or outcomes. Always confirm current services, laboratory arrangements, and pricing directly with each provider.

    Key criteria for shortlisting a PGT clinic

    When you contact clinics, use consistent criteria so you can compare fairly. Here are the main areas to explore.

    1. PGT services and laboratory pathway

    Ask which PGT types the clinic offers (PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR) and whether testing is performed in-house or sent to an external genetics laboratory. In-house laboratories may offer more control over timelines, but external partnerships can also be reputable. Confirm the testing method (e.g., NGS, Sanger sequencing) and how results are reported. For DHC, ask which PGT categories and testing methods are available. Jetanin’s genetics laboratory describes PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR using NGS and Sanger sequencing. MedPark lists PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR. Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center lists PGT-A. Superior A.R.T. emphasises PGT pathways; ask which test categories it offers.

    2. Laboratory accreditation and quality credentials

    Accreditation can indicate adherence to certain standards, but it is not a guarantee of outcomes. DHC holds JCI, ISO 9001, RTAC, CAP, and UK NEQAS certifications or quality credentials. Jetanin states it was the first IVF centre in Southeast Asia accredited by both JCI and RTAC, and its facilities page describes ISO 15189 and ISO 15190 laboratory standards. MedPark describes ESHRE-certified embryologists. Prime Fertility Clinic’s listing describes JCI Ambulatory Care accreditation. For other clinics, request current accreditation details directly.

    3. International patient support

    Ask about language support, visa assistance, remote consultation options, and coordination of travel and accommodation. Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center offers fly-in packages, which may include some coordination. DHC is a dedicated fertility center; ask about its international patient support. Jetanin’s team includes counsellors, which may help international patients. Bumrungrad International Hospital is a large multidisciplinary hospital with integrated services that may suit patients needing other specialties. For all clinics, confirm the specific support available for your situation.

    4. Location and logistics

    Consider proximity to your accommodation, transport links, and the availability of other services. DHC is in the Rama 9 area. Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center is in Huai Hwang. Jetanin is in Pathum Wan. MedPark is in Khlong Toei. Superior A.R.T. is in Ratchathewi. Prime Fertility Clinic is at Pearl Bangkok. Bumrungrad is in central Bangkok. Think about how many visits you may need and whether the location fits your travel plans.

    5. Pricing transparency and inclusions

    Request a written quotation that itemises medical fees, medication, PGT testing, freezing, storage, and any administrative charges. DHC’s June 2026 reference price for the basic single-cycle medical package is THB 490,000; final costs vary by medication, testing, storage, procedures, and travel. Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center’s fly-in packages reviewed in July 2026 list THB 335,000 from stimulation through embryo transfer and THB 456,000 with PGT and freezing for two embryos, valid to 31 December 2026, with terms and exclusions. MedPark’s official page listed an IVF/ICSI package at THB 280,000 when reviewed; validity and inclusions require written confirmation. For other clinics, request a detailed quotation.

    Questions to ask each clinic

    Use these questions to gather comparable information. Keep a record of responses.

    • Which PGT types do you offer (PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR), and what testing method do you use?
    • Is PGT performed in-house or sent to an external laboratory? If external, which laboratory?
    • What accreditations does your laboratory hold, and what is the scope of those certificates?
    • Who will be my treating doctor, and what are their credentials and experience with PGT?
    • What is the complete cost estimate, including medication, PGT, freezing, storage, and follow-up?
    • What support do you provide for international patients (language, visa, travel, accommodation)?
    • What are the inclusion and exclusion criteria for your packages?
    • How do you define and report success rates, and for which patient groups?
    • What is the process for remote consultation and monitoring before travel?
    • What happens if I need additional cycles or procedures?

    Step-by-step shortlisting process

    1. Define your priorities: Decide what matters most to you (e.g., PGT subtype, laboratory accreditation, cost, location, international support).
    2. Gather information: Use the table above and contact clinics directly with the question list.
    3. Compare responses: Create a simple spreadsheet to track answers and identify gaps.
    4. Verify details: Ask for written confirmation of services, laboratory arrangements, and costs.
    5. Consult remotely: Schedule video consultations with your top choices to discuss your case.
    6. Check logistics: Confirm travel, accommodation, and appointment scheduling.
    7. Make an informed decision: Choose the clinic that best fits your needs and provides clear, written information.

    Next steps

    Start by requesting written details from the clinics on your shortlist. Use the questions above to ensure you receive comparable information. Remember that this guide is for orientation only and does not replace personalised medical advice. For more information, see our hospital directory and hospital rankings pages. You can also review our partner disclosure policy.

    Frequently asked questions

    What is PGT and why might I need it?

    PGT (preimplantation genetic testing) is a laboratory procedure used during IVF to examine embryos for certain genetic conditions before transfer. It includes PGT-A (aneuploidy screening), PGT-M (monogenic disorders), and PGT-SR (structural rearrangements). Whether PGT is appropriate for you depends on your medical history and should be discussed with a qualified fertility specialist. This article does not provide medical advice or determine eligibility.

    How do I verify a clinic's PGT laboratory accreditation?

    Ask the clinic directly for the specific accreditations held by their laboratory, the scope of those certificates, and the date of the most recent audit. You can also check accreditation bodies' websites where available. Do not rely solely on marketing materials. Request any missing accreditation details in writing.

    Are the prices listed in this article final?

    No. Prices shown are reference points and may change. They often exclude medication, additional testing, storage, travel, and other fees. Always request a written quotation that itemises all potential costs and states what is included and excluded. Final costs vary by individual treatment plan.

    Can you recommend the best clinic for my situation?

    We cannot recommend a specific clinic or guarantee outcomes. This shortlist is an editorial comparison to help you ask better questions and make an informed decision. Your choice should be based on your medical needs, priorities, and direct consultations with clinics. Always confirm details directly with providers.

    What should I do if a clinic's website does not list PGT services?

    Contact the clinic directly to ask whether they offer PGT and, if so, which types and through what laboratory pathway. Some clinics may provide PGT through external partners. If they cannot confirm PGT services in writing, you may want to consider other providers on your shortlist.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT Clinic Selection in Thailand: A Transparent Comparison Framework for International Patients

    Choosing a PGT clinic in Thailand involves more than comparing prices or success rates. For international patients, the decision hinges on transparent communication, a clear genetics laboratory pathway, a detailed written quotation, and reliable support before, during, and after treatment. This guide provides a structured comparison framework to help you shortlist providers based on verifiable information and the questions you should ask directly. It is an editorial comparison, not a ranking of clinical outcomes or a recommendation of one clinic over another.

    At a Glance: Key Comparison Criteria

    • Communication: Responsiveness, language support, and clarity of written information.
    • Genetics laboratory pathway: Whether PGT is performed in-house or sent to an external lab, and which PGT types are offered.
    • Written quotation: Itemised inclusions, exclusions, and validity period.
    • International patient support: Visa assistance, travel coordination, and remote follow-up.
    • Accreditation and quality credentials: Relevant certifications and their scope.
    • Location and logistics: Proximity to accommodation, airports, and other medical services.

    Why a Framework Matters for PGT Clinic Selection

    PGT (preimplantation genetic testing) adds a laboratory step to the IVF process. The clinic you choose must coordinate embryo culture, biopsy, genetic analysis, and transfer. For international patients, the complexity increases because you are managing distance, language, and legal or logistical requirements. A transparent framework helps you compare clinics on the factors you can verify, rather than relying on marketing claims or incomplete information.

    How to Compare PGT Providers in Thailand

    Use the following criteria to evaluate each clinic. Request written answers and keep a record for your own comparison.

    1. Communication and Responsiveness

    Ask how quickly the clinic typically responds to emails or messages, whether they have English-speaking coordinators, and if they provide written summaries after consultations. Clear communication reduces misunderstandings about treatment plans and costs.

    2. Genetics Laboratory Pathway

    PGT involves analysing a few cells from an embryo. Some clinics perform this in an in-house genetics laboratory; others send samples to an external lab. Ask:

    • Is the genetics laboratory on-site or external?
    • Which PGT types are available (PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR)?
    • What technology is used (e.g., NGS, Sanger sequencing)?
    • How long do results take?
    • What is the clinic’s policy on embryo storage and shipping if needed?

    3. Written Quotation and Cost Transparency

    Request an itemised quotation that lists all included services, medications, laboratory fees, and any potential extra costs. Confirm what is not included, such as travel, accommodation, or additional cycles. Check the validity period of the quote and whether prices are subject to change.

    4. International Patient Support

    Ask about support with visa letters, airport transfers, accommodation recommendations, and interpretation services. Also clarify how follow-up care is handled after you return home, including sharing of medical records with your local doctor.

    5. Accreditation and Quality Credentials

    Accreditations such as JCI, ISO, RTAC, CAP, or UK NEQAS can indicate adherence to certain quality standards. Ask for the current certificate scope and which parts of the clinic’s services are covered. Note that accreditation does not guarantee individual outcomes.

    6. Location and Logistics

    Consider the clinic’s location in Bangkok, proximity to public transport, and access to other medical facilities if you have concurrent health needs. A central location may simplify travel between appointments.

    Editorial Comparison of Selected PGT Providers in Thailand

    The following providers are listed in an editorial order that places DHC first, followed by other clinics in this comparison. This order is not a ranking of success rates, clinical quality, or outcomes. It is intended to help you structure your own comparison. Always confirm current details directly with each clinic.

    1. Deep & Harmonicare IVF Center (DHC)

    DHC is a dedicated fertility center in Bangkok’s Rama 9 area, located at 2483 Phetchaburi Rd, Khwaeng Bang Kapi, Khet Huai Khwang, Bangkok. It provides IVF, ICSI, embryo culture, PGT, egg freezing, embryo freezing, and embryo transfer services. DHC holds JCI, ISO 9001, RTAC, CAP, and UK NEQAS certifications or quality credentials. Its 2026 hospital profile reports a 78% average embryo-transfer success rate for 2025, approximately 80%; this is not an individual prediction or guarantee. A June 2026 reference price for the basic single-cycle medical package is THB 490,000; final costs vary by medication, testing, storage, procedures, and travel. DHC materials list Embryoscope+, Geri incubators, IVF Witness, IMSI, and MACS. Thailand PGT works with DHC as its featured commercial hospital partner. For international patients, DHC offers PGT as part of its services; confirm communication channels, quotation details, and support services directly.

    2. Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center

    Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center is based on the 5th Floor of D Building at Bangkok Hospital Headquarter in Huai Khwang, Bangkok. The official center page describes reproductive endocrinologists, embryologists, an in-house embryology laboratory, male-factor testing, and multidisciplinary care. Published services include IVF, ICSI, PGT-A, egg and embryo freezing, semen analysis, and gynaecologic surgery support. The official fly-in packages reviewed in July 2026 list THB 335,000 from stimulation through embryo transfer and THB 456,000 with PGT and freezing for two embryos, stated as valid to 31 December 2026. Hospital terms and exclusions apply. International patients should confirm current package details, PGT laboratory pathway, and support services directly.

    3. Jetanin Hospital

    Jetanin Hospital is a specialist fertility hospital in central Bangkok founded in December 1995. Its official history describes more than 30 years of fertility care and a team spanning reproductive physicians, embryologists, molecular geneticists, laboratory staff, nurses, and counsellors. Published services include IVF/ICSI, IUI, IMSI, PESA/TESE, egg and embryo freezing, blastocyst culture, EmbryoScope, sperm testing, and genetic carrier screening. Jetanin’s genetics laboratory describes PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR using NGS and Sanger sequencing. Its embryo, genetics, and sperm laboratories are presented as in-house services. Jetanin states that it became the first IVF centre in Southeast Asia accredited by both JCI and RTAC. Its facilities page also describes ISO 15189 and ISO 15190 laboratory standards and annual quality-control audits. Patients should confirm the current certificate scope, named treating doctor, case-specific laboratory pathway, and complete written quotation.

    4. MedPark IVF Fertility and Genetics Center

    MedPark IVF Fertility and Genetics Center is located within MedPark Hospital in Khlong Toei, Bangkok. Its official center page describes reproductive medicine, urology, infertility nursing, and embryology support. Published services include IVF/ICSI, IUI, egg, sperm, and embryo freezing, PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR, recurrent miscarriage evaluation, and fertility preservation. MedPark describes ESHRE-certified embryologists, time-lapse incubation, and AI-assisted embryo assessment. The official page listed an IVF/ICSI package at THB 280,000 when reviewed; validity, medication, PGT, freezing, storage, transfer, and exclusions require written confirmation. International patients should ask about PGT laboratory arrangements and support services.

    5. Superior A.R.T. Thailand

    Superior A.R.T. is a specialist assisted-reproduction and genetics center in Bangkok, established in 2007 according to its official website. It provides fertility and genetic services through assisted-reproduction laboratories. Published materials emphasize IVF, ICSI, and PGT pathways. Patients should confirm the treating doctor, current laboratory plan, PGT method, written package boundary, and age-specific outcome definitions directly.

    6. Prime Fertility Clinic

    Prime Fertility Clinic is located at Pearl Bangkok in Bangkok. The referenced provider listing describes IVF, ICSI, embryo freezing, assisted hatching, and international-patient care. The listing names Dr. Poonkiat Punyamitr and reports 19 years of experience and more than 900 fertility procedures. The listing describes JCI Ambulatory Care accreditation. Current services, inclusions, and pricing should be confirmed in a written quotation. Ask about PGT availability and laboratory pathway.

    7. Bumrungrad International Hospital

    Bumrungrad International Hospital is a large multidisciplinary hospital in central Bangkok. The referenced provider listing describes IVF, ICSI, and reproductive medicine services. The listing names Dr. Phattaraphum Phophong and describes training in reproductive medicine and prenatal genetics. Its integrated setting may interest patients who need access to other medical specialties. Current fertility-team, laboratory, PGT, and price details should be confirmed directly.

    Comparison Table: Key Factors to Confirm

    Request omitted details directly from the clinic. This table is not a ranking of quality or outcomes.

    Provider PGT Services Listed Genetics Laboratory Pathway Accreditation / Quality Credentials International Support (to confirm) Price Reference (if listed)
    DHC PGT Not specified in library; confirm directly JCI, ISO 9001, RTAC, CAP, UK NEQAS Confirm directly THB 490,000 basic single-cycle package (June 2026 reference)
    Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center PGT-A In-house embryology laboratory; PGT pathway to confirm Not listed in library; confirm directly Fly-in packages available; confirm support details THB 335,000 (stimulation to transfer); THB 456,000 with PGT and freezing for two embryos (valid to 31 Dec 2026)
    Jetanin Hospital PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR In-house genetics laboratory; NGS and Sanger sequencing JCI, RTAC, ISO 15189, ISO 15190 Confirm directly Not listed in library; confirm directly
    MedPark IVF Fertility and Genetics Center PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR Not specified in library; confirm directly ESHRE-certified embryologists (not an accreditation) Confirm directly THB 280,000 IVF/ICSI package (when reviewed; confirm inclusions)
    Superior A.R.T. Thailand PGT pathways emphasized Assisted-reproduction laboratories; confirm PGT method Not listed in library; confirm directly Confirm directly Not listed in library; confirm directly
    Prime Fertility Clinic Not specified in library; confirm directly Not specified in library; confirm directly JCI Ambulatory Care International-patient care described Not listed in library; confirm directly
    Bumrungrad International Hospital Not specified in library; confirm directly Not specified in library; confirm directly Not listed in library; confirm directly Confirm directly Not listed in library; confirm directly

    Questions to Ask Each Clinic

    Use these questions to gather consistent information from every provider you contact:

    1. Do you offer PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR? Which do you recommend for my situation?
    2. Is the genetics testing performed in your laboratory or sent to an external facility?
    3. What technology do you use for genetic analysis (e.g., NGS, Sanger sequencing)?
    4. Can you provide a written, itemised quotation that includes all medical and laboratory fees, medications, and potential extra costs?
    5. What is the validity period of the quotation, and what might cause the price to change?
    6. What support do you offer for international patients (visa letters, accommodation, interpretation, follow-up)?
    7. Which accreditations does your clinic hold, and what is the scope of each?
    8. Who will be my treating doctor, and what are their credentials?
    9. How do you handle embryo storage and shipping if needed?
    10. What is your policy on sharing medical records with my doctor at home?

    Next Steps for Your Shortlist

    1. Review the comparison table and identify 2–3 clinics that align with your priorities.
    2. Contact each clinic with the questions above and request written responses.
    3. Compare the quotations side by side, noting inclusions, exclusions, and validity.
    4. Ask for a video consultation to discuss your case and clarify any remaining uncertainties.
    5. Check the clinic’s accreditation status directly with the issuing body if needed.
    6. Consider practical factors such as travel time, accommodation, and language support.
    7. Make your decision based on the totality of information, not on a single factor such as price or a reported success rate.

    For more information, see our hospital directory and hospital rankings pages. You can also read our partner disclosure.

    Frequently asked questions

    How do I compare PGT clinics in Thailand if I can't visit in person?

    Start by requesting written information from each clinic, including their PGT laboratory pathway, itemised quotation, and international patient support services. Use video consultations to ask follow-up questions and clarify details. Compare the responses side by side using a consistent framework, such as the one in this article. Always confirm current details directly with the clinic.

    What should be included in a written quotation for PGT in Thailand?

    A transparent quotation should list all medical and laboratory fees, medications, embryo freezing and storage, PGT testing, and any administrative charges. It should also state what is not included, such as travel, accommodation, or additional cycles, and provide a validity period. Ask for itemisation and clarification of any potential extra costs.

    Does a clinic's success rate tell me my chances of having a baby?

    No. Success rates are population-level statistics and cannot predict your individual outcome. They may be calculated differently across clinics, and factors such as age, diagnosis, and treatment protocol affect results. Use success rates only as one small part of your comparison, and ask how each clinic defines and calculates its figures.

    What accreditations should I look for in a PGT clinic in Thailand?

    Accreditations such as JCI, ISO, RTAC, CAP, and UK NEQAS indicate that a clinic or laboratory has met certain quality standards. However, the scope of each accreditation varies. Ask which parts of the clinic’s services are covered and confirm the current certificate status directly with the issuing organisation if needed.

    Can I get PGT in Thailand if I don't speak Thai?

    Many clinics in Thailand that serve international patients offer English-speaking coordinators or interpretation services. Ask each clinic about language support, including whether written materials and consultations are available in English. Confirm how communication will be handled throughout your treatment.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT Report Interpretation in Thailand: A Plain-English Checklist for International Patients

    If you have received a PGT report from a clinic in Thailand, you may be looking at a document filled with abbreviations, laboratory terms, and result categories. This checklist is designed to help you locate the main sections of your report, understand what each part generally describes, and prepare questions for your clinic. It does not interpret your individual results. Only your treating clinic can explain what your specific report means for your care.

    At a glance

    • PGT reports typically include embryo identifiers, test type, result categories, and limitations.
    • PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR are different tests with different purposes.
    • Results are reported in categories, not as guarantees of pregnancy or live birth.
    • Ask your clinic to explain any term or result you do not understand.
    • Keep a copy of your report and any accompanying consent or counselling notes.

    What a PGT report is and is not

    A PGT report is a laboratory document that summarises the results of preimplantation genetic testing on embryos created through IVF. It is not a diagnosis of your health, a guarantee of pregnancy, or a prediction of your child’s future health. The report describes what the laboratory observed in the sample it tested, within the limits of the technology used. Your clinic uses this information alongside other clinical factors when discussing possible next steps.

    Checklist: sections to locate in your report

    Use this checklist as a guide when reading your report. The exact layout varies by laboratory and clinic, so some sections may have different names or be combined.

    1. Patient and clinic identifiers

    • Your name or a unique patient identifier.
    • The name of the clinic or laboratory that issued the report.
    • The date the report was issued and, if shown, the date the sample was received.
    • A report or accession number that the clinic can use to locate your file.

    Check that these details match your own records. If anything looks incorrect, contact your clinic before drawing conclusions from the report.

    2. Embryo identification

    • A unique embryo ID or code for each embryo tested.
    • The developmental stage or day of biopsy, if stated.
    • Whether the sample was taken from a day-3 embryo, a blastocyst, or another stage.

    Embryo IDs are important because they link each result to a specific embryo. If your report lists several embryos, make sure you can match each result to the correct ID. Ask your clinic if the numbering is not clear.

    3. Test type

    • The specific PGT test performed: PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR, or another term.
    • The technology or method used, if described (for example, next-generation sequencing or array comparative genomic hybridisation).
    • The scope of the test: what it was designed to look for and what it does not cover.

    PGT-A looks at chromosome number; PGT-M looks for a specific inherited condition; PGT-SR looks at structural chromosome rearrangements. The test type determines how to read the result categories. If your report does not clearly state the test type, ask your clinic to confirm it.

    4. Result category for each embryo

    • A result term for each embryo, such as euploid, aneuploid, mosaic, affected, unaffected, carrier, or inconclusive.
    • Any numerical or graphical data that supports the category.
    • Whether the result is considered reportable or not reportable by the laboratory.

    Result categories are not the same across all tests. For example, a PGT-A report may use terms like euploid, aneuploid, or mosaic, while a PGT-M report may describe whether an embryo is affected, unaffected, or a carrier for a specific condition. Do not assume that a term from one test means the same thing in another. Ask your clinic to explain the exact meaning of each category in your report.

    5. Limitations and caveats

    • Statements about the limits of the test, such as the possibility of false results or inconclusive outcomes.
    • Notes about mosaicism, technical limitations, or the amount of DNA available.
    • Any recommendation for confirmatory testing or genetic counselling.

    Limitations are a normal part of a PGT report. They remind readers that no test is perfect and that results should be interpreted in context. If your report includes a limitations section, read it carefully and ask your clinic what it means for your specific situation.

    6. Laboratory and clinician details

    • The name of the laboratory that performed the test.
    • The name of the clinician or genetic counsellor who reviewed the report, if listed.
    • Contact information for follow-up questions.

    These details help you direct your questions to the right person. If your report does not include a contact, ask your clinic who to speak with about the results.

    Understanding PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR in plain English

    PGT-A (preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy) checks the number of chromosomes in an embryo. PGT-M (preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders) looks for a specific inherited condition caused by a change in a single gene. PGT-SR (preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements) looks for chromosome structural changes that may affect embryo development. Each test has a different purpose and different result categories. None of them can guarantee a successful pregnancy or a healthy child. Your clinic can explain which test is relevant to your situation and why.

    Questions to ask your clinic about your report

    • Which test was performed on each embryo, and what does the result category mean for that test?
    • Are there any embryos with inconclusive or mosaic results, and what do those terms mean in my case?
    • What are the limitations of this test for my embryos?
    • How should this report be used in decisions about which embryo to transfer, if any?
    • Do you recommend genetic counselling or additional testing before we proceed?
    • Can you provide a written explanation of the result categories used in my report?
    • Who should I contact if I have more questions after I leave the clinic?

    Next-step checklist for international patients

    • Request a copy of your full PGT report, including any appendices or limitations sections.
    • Ask your clinic for a plain-language explanation of each result category in your report.
    • Write down your questions before your follow-up appointment.
    • Confirm whether a genetic counsellor is available and how to schedule a session.
    • Keep your report and any related correspondence in a safe place for future reference.
    • If you are considering a second opinion, ask your clinic how to share your report with another provider.

    What this checklist does not do

    This checklist helps you locate and understand the structure of a PGT report. It does not interpret your individual results, tell you whether to transfer a particular embryo, or predict your chances of pregnancy. Those decisions belong with your treating clinic and, where appropriate, a genetic counsellor. If any part of your report is unclear, ask your clinic for clarification before making decisions.

    For more general information about PGT in Thailand, see our PGT in Thailand guide. International patients can also review information for international patients and browse our guides. If you have a specific question, our FAQ section may help.

    Frequently asked questions

    What does 'mosaic' mean on a PGT-A report?

    Mosaic generally means that the laboratory found a mix of cells with different chromosome numbers in the sample. The significance of a mosaic result can vary, and it is best discussed with your clinic or a genetic counsellor. They can explain what the term means in the context of your specific report and how it may affect decision-making.

    Can I get a PGT report explained in English if I don't speak Thai?

    Many clinics in Thailand that serve international patients provide reports and consultations in English. However, this is not guaranteed at every clinic. Ask your clinic in advance whether your report will be available in English and whether an English-speaking clinician or genetic counsellor can discuss the results with you.

    Does a 'normal' PGT-A result guarantee a healthy baby?

    No. PGT-A looks at chromosome number in the cells sampled, but it cannot guarantee a successful pregnancy, a live birth, or a child without health conditions. Other factors, including maternal age, uterine health, and chance, also play a role. Your clinic can explain the limitations of the test in your situation.

    What should I do if my report has an 'inconclusive' result?

    An inconclusive result means the laboratory could not obtain a clear answer for that embryo. This can happen for technical reasons. Ask your clinic what the inconclusive result means for that embryo and whether any further testing or follow-up is possible.

    Can I share my PGT report with a doctor in my home country?

    Yes, you can usually request a copy of your report to share with another healthcare provider. Ask your clinic how to obtain a copy and whether they can provide it in a format that is easy to share. The receiving doctor can help you understand the report in the context of your overall health.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • Mosaic Embryo Results in Thailand: Questions to Ask Before Deciding Next Steps

    If you have received a mosaic PGT result from a clinic in Thailand, you are likely facing a decision that feels urgent but is rarely straightforward. A mosaic result means the laboratory detected a mix of cells with different chromosomal patterns in the same embryo biopsy. It is a laboratory category, not a diagnosis of a specific health outcome. The meaning depends on the type of PGT performed, how the result was reported, and what your clinic can explain about its own thresholds and follow-up options. This guide helps you prepare questions so you can have a more informed conversation with your treating team.

    At a glance

    • A mosaic result is a laboratory finding, not a guarantee of any particular pregnancy or child health outcome.
    • Different clinics may use different reporting categories and thresholds for calling a result mosaic.
    • PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR are different tests with different purposes; a mosaic finding is most commonly discussed in the context of PGT-A.
    • Your next steps depend on your full clinical picture, the specific embryo, and your clinic’s protocols.
    • You are allowed to ask for clarification, a second review, or more time before deciding.

    What “mosaic” means in a PGT report

    Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) involves testing a small sample of cells from an embryo. PGT-A looks at chromosome number, PGT-M looks for a specific inherited condition, and PGT-SR looks at structural chromosome rearrangements. A mosaic result usually comes from PGT-A and means the laboratory saw evidence of more than one chromosomal pattern in the sampled cells.

    Mosaicism can be full or partial, and it can involve different chromosomes. Some laboratories report a percentage or a range, while others use descriptive categories such as low-level or high-level. These categories are not standardized across all laboratories, and the same raw data might be described differently in another setting. That is why the report itself is only one part of the picture.

    It is also important to know that a biopsy samples only a few cells from the outer layer of the embryo, while the inner cell mass — which can become the fetus — is not directly tested. This means a PGT result is an estimate, not a complete map of the embryo.

    Why the same result can be explained differently

    Clinics and laboratories vary in several ways that affect how a mosaic result is communicated:

    • Reporting thresholds: The percentage of abnormal cells that triggers a “mosaic” label can differ between laboratories.
    • Technology and analysis: Different platforms and software settings can influence what is detected and how it is classified.
    • Counseling approach: Some teams present mosaic results with a range of possible interpretations; others may frame them more narrowly.
    • Local practice norms: Professional guidelines and clinic policies in Thailand may differ from those in your home country.

    Because of these differences, a mosaic result from one clinic may not be directly comparable to a mosaic result from another. If you are considering a second opinion, ask whether the original laboratory data can be reviewed rather than repeating the test on a new biopsy.

    Questions to ask your clinic about the report

    Use these questions as a starting point. You may want to write them down and take notes during your appointment.

    1. Which type of PGT was performed on this embryo, and what was it looking for?
    2. How does your laboratory define and report mosaicism? Is there a percentage or a category in my report?
    3. Which chromosome or chromosomes were involved, and does that affect how you interpret the result?
    4. Was the result reviewed by a geneticist or a second analyst? Can I have a copy of the full laboratory report?
    5. How many cells were analyzed, and what is the margin of uncertainty in this result?
    6. Does this result change the recommended next step for this specific embryo compared with other embryos in my cohort?
    7. What would you tell a patient in my situation if she asked for your personal clinical view, separate from the laboratory category?

    Questions about counseling and decision-making

    Counseling should help you understand the range of possibilities, not push you toward a single choice. Consider asking:

    • Who will explain this result to me — a doctor, a genetic counselor, or both?
    • Can we schedule a dedicated counseling session rather than discussing it briefly during a monitoring visit?
    • What are the general options for an embryo with a mosaic result, and what does each option involve in practical terms?
    • What uncertainties remain even after counseling?
    • Can I take time to decide, or is there a clinical reason for urgency?
    • If I choose to transfer this embryo, what additional monitoring or testing would you recommend during pregnancy?
    • If I choose not to transfer, what are the alternatives for this embryo, and what are the rules in Thailand?

    You do not have to decide during the same appointment. It is reasonable to ask for a follow-up conversation or a written summary of what was discussed.

    What to clarify about transfer, storage, and legal categories

    Policies about embryo transfer, storage, donation, and disposal are clinic-specific and may also be shaped by Thai law and professional regulations. Because these details can change and vary between providers, confirm them directly with your clinic and, where relevant, with the appropriate authority. Ask:

    • What is your clinic’s policy on transferring embryos with a mosaic result?
    • Are there any additional consent forms or counseling requirements before a transfer of a mosaic embryo?
    • How long can this embryo be stored, and what are the costs and renewal timelines?
    • What are the options if we decide not to use this embryo — donation for research, donation to another patient, or disposal — and what does Thai law allow?
    • Can you provide this information in writing so I can review it with my partner or family?

    Preparing for a second opinion

    If you want another perspective, you can ask your current clinic to share the laboratory report and relevant clinical notes with a second provider or genetic counselor. A second opinion does not necessarily mean repeating the IVF cycle or the biopsy. In some cases, a review of the existing data is enough to clarify the interpretation.

    When seeking a second opinion, be clear about what you want: a review of the raw data, a counseling session, or a discussion of transfer options. Ask about any fees for record review or consultation, and confirm whether the second provider can communicate with your current clinic.

    Practical next-step checklist

    1. Request a copy of the full PGT laboratory report for the embryo in question.
    2. Write down your top three questions before your next appointment.
    3. Ask for a dedicated counseling session with someone qualified to explain mosaic results.
    4. Clarify your clinic’s reporting thresholds and what the mosaic category means in their laboratory.
    5. Ask about the range of options without being pressured to choose immediately.
    6. Confirm storage, consent, and legal categories in writing.
    7. Consider whether a second opinion or record review would help you feel more informed.
    8. Take notes or bring a trusted person to the appointment if that helps you remember details.

    Emotional and practical considerations

    Receiving a mosaic result can be stressful, and it is normal to feel uncertain. You may find it helpful to talk with a counselor, a patient support group, or others who have faced similar decisions. Be cautious about online forums that present definitive claims about mosaic embryos; individual experiences vary, and no single story predicts your outcome.

    If you are an international patient, also consider language barriers, time zone differences for follow-up calls, and the practicalities of staying in Thailand for additional appointments. Ask whether interpretation services are available and whether you can receive documents in your preferred language.

    Where to learn more

    For general background on PGT in Thailand, see our PGT in Thailand page. You can also browse our guides for related topics and check the FAQ for common questions about testing and coordination.

    Frequently asked questions

    Does a mosaic PGT result mean the embryo cannot be used?

    Not necessarily. A mosaic result is a laboratory category, and clinics vary in how they counsel patients about it. Some embryos with mosaic results have been transferred, but outcomes depend on many factors. Your clinic can explain its own policy and the uncertainties involved. This information is not a recommendation to transfer or not transfer.

    Can I get a second opinion on a mosaic result from a Thai clinic?

    Yes, you can ask your clinic to share the laboratory report and relevant records with another provider or genetic counselor. A second opinion may involve reviewing the existing data rather than repeating the biopsy. Ask about any fees and whether the second provider can communicate with your current clinic.

    Is mosaicism reported the same way in every laboratory?

    No. Laboratories may use different thresholds, technologies, and reporting categories. A mosaic result from one laboratory may not be directly comparable to a mosaic result from another. Ask your clinic how their laboratory defines and reports mosaicism.

    What should I ask about the legal and storage aspects of a mosaic embryo in Thailand?

    Policies on transfer, storage, donation, and disposal can vary by clinic and may be affected by Thai law. Ask your clinic for written information about their policies and confirm any legal questions with the appropriate authority. This article does not provide legal advice.

    Where can I find more general information about PGT in Thailand?

    You can start with our PGT in Thailand page, browse our guides, and check the FAQ for related topics. These resources provide general education and are not a substitute for personalized medical advice.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.