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  • PGT IVF Treatment in Thailand: A Step-by-Step Overview for International Patients

    PGT IVF in Thailand follows the same broad sequence as IVF anywhere: consultation, ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, fertilisation, embryo culture, a biopsy if PGT is used, genetic testing, and then a transfer or storage decision. PGT is added after embryos reach a suitable stage, and it is optional rather than automatic. This guide outlines each stage, explains where PGT fits, and lists questions to ask your clinic so you can plan with realistic expectations.

    At a glance

    • PGT is a laboratory add-on to IVF, not a separate treatment.
    • It is used to look at chromosome number (PGT-A), a known single-gene condition (PGT-M), or a known structural chromosome rearrangement (PGT-SR).
    • PGT does not guarantee a pregnancy, a live birth, or a healthy child.
    • Not every patient needs PGT; suitability depends on your history and the reason for testing.
    • Costs, timelines, and legal or documentation requirements vary and should be confirmed directly with your clinic and relevant authorities.

    Step 1: Initial consultation and planning

    The first stage is a conversation, not a procedure. A fertility specialist reviews your medical and reproductive history, any previous IVF cycles, and any known genetic conditions in your family. If PGT is being considered, the clinic may also involve a genetic counsellor.

    At this stage, you should expect to discuss:

    • Whether IVF is appropriate for your situation.
    • Whether PGT could add useful information, and which type might be relevant.
    • What the testing can and cannot tell you.
    • Alternative options, including IVF without PGT or no treatment.
    • What pre-treatment tests the clinic requires, and whether they can be done locally or in Thailand.

    For international patients, this is also the time to ask about remote consultation options, how records are shared, and what a realistic schedule might look like. You can read more about planning your visit on our international patients page.

    Step 2: Ovarian stimulation and monitoring

    If you proceed, the next stage is ovarian stimulation. Medication is used to encourage several follicles to develop, and the clinic monitors progress with blood tests and ultrasound scans. Your clinic will give you specific instructions about medication, timing, and monitoring appointments.

    For international patients, monitoring may be partly arranged in your home country if your clinic agrees. This depends on the clinic’s policy and on whether local monitoring can be coordinated reliably. Ask how this works before you commit to a schedule.

    Step 3: Egg retrieval and sperm collection

    When the follicles are ready, eggs are collected in a short procedure, usually under light sedation. On the same day, a sperm sample is collected or previously frozen sperm is used. The eggs and sperm are then combined in the laboratory.

    This stage is standard IVF. PGT does not change how retrieval is performed; it changes what happens to the embryos afterwards.

    Step 4: Fertilisation and embryo culture

    After fertilisation, embryos are kept in the laboratory for several days. Not every egg fertilises, and not every fertilised egg develops into an embryo suitable for biopsy or transfer. Your clinic will explain how many embryos are developing and what that means for the next steps.

    Step 5: Where PGT fits in

    PGT is performed on embryos, not on eggs or sperm directly. If PGT is planned, a small number of cells is removed from each embryo at a suitable stage, usually when the embryo has reached the blastocyst stage. The embryos are then typically frozen while the genetic analysis is carried out.

    There are three main types of PGT, and they answer different questions:

    Type What it looks at Typical reason it is discussed
    PGT-A Chromosome number (aneuploidy screening) To look for extra or missing chromosomes in embryos
    PGT-M A specific gene change known to run in the family When a parent is known to carry a condition such as cystic fibrosis or Huntington’s disease
    PGT-SR Structural chromosome rearrangements When a parent has a known translocation or similar rearrangement

    PGT-A is sometimes described as screening, but it is not a guarantee. It can reduce the chance of transferring an embryo with an abnormal chromosome number, but it cannot eliminate all risk, and it does not test for every possible condition. PGT-M and PGT-SR are more targeted and usually require a specific genetic diagnosis and laboratory setup.

    You can read more about the types of testing and how they are approached in Thailand on our PGT in Thailand page.

    Step 6: Genetic testing and results

    The biopsy samples are analysed in a genetics laboratory. The time this takes varies. Results are usually reported as:

    • Euploid (for PGT-A): the expected number of chromosomes.
    • Aneuploid: an abnormal number of chromosomes.
    • Mosaic: a mix of cells with different chromosome numbers, which may require specialist interpretation.
    • Affected or unaffected (for PGT-M or PGT-SR): whether the specific condition or rearrangement was detected.

    Results can be complex, and some findings are uncertain. A genetic counsellor or your specialist can explain what the result means for your specific situation. No result can guarantee a healthy pregnancy or child.

    Step 7: Embryo transfer or storage

    If you have embryos suitable for transfer, one may be transferred to the uterus, usually in a later cycle if the embryos were frozen for testing. Any remaining suitable embryos may be stored, depending on your clinic’s policy and your preferences.

    If no embryos are suitable for transfer, your clinic will discuss what that means and what options may be available. This is a difficult outcome, and it is important to have support and clear information.

    Step 8: Follow-up and next steps

    After a transfer, there is usually a wait before a pregnancy test. Your clinic will tell you when to test and how to interpret the result. If the cycle does not result in a pregnancy, a follow-up consultation can help review what happened and whether any changes to the plan make sense.

    PGT is one part of a wider decision. It does not replace a discussion about your overall health, your goals, and the limits of what reproductive medicine can do.

    Questions to ask your clinic

    • Which type of PGT are you recommending, and why?
    • What are the chances of having no embryos suitable for transfer after testing?
    • How long do results usually take, and how will they be explained to me?
    • What are the costs of IVF, PGT, medication, storage, and any additional tests?
    • What documentation do I need as an international patient, and can any of it be handled remotely?
    • What are the legal and regulatory requirements in Thailand that apply to my situation?
    • What alternatives should I consider, including IVF without PGT?

    Planning checklist for international patients

    1. Clarify your reasons for considering PGT and what you hope to learn.
    2. Ask for a written outline of the proposed cycle, including likely time in Thailand.
    3. Confirm what can be done locally and what must be done at the clinic.
    4. Ask for a full cost breakdown in writing, including potential extra costs.
    5. Check passport, visa, and any medical documentation requirements with the relevant authorities.
    6. Arrange interpretation or translation if you need it.
    7. Plan for emotional and practical support during and after treatment.

    For more general planning advice, see our guides section, and for common questions, visit our FAQ page.

    Frequently asked questions

    Is PGT required for IVF in Thailand?

    No. PGT is an optional add-on to IVF. Whether it is appropriate depends on your medical history, the reason for testing, and your clinic's assessment. Some patients choose IVF without PGT.

    Does PGT guarantee a healthy baby?

    No. PGT can provide information about chromosome number or a specific genetic condition in the tested embryos, but it cannot guarantee a pregnancy, a live birth, or a child without any health condition. No test can eliminate all risk.

    How long does a PGT IVF cycle take in Thailand?

    Timelines vary depending on your protocol, monitoring arrangements, and how long genetic testing takes. Your clinic can give you an estimate based on your situation. It is best to ask for a written outline of the expected schedule.

    What should I ask about costs?

    Ask for a full written breakdown covering consultation, medication, monitoring, egg retrieval, laboratory work, PGT, embryo storage, and any additional tests. Costs vary between clinics and are not standardised, so confirm all figures directly.

    Can I do some monitoring in my home country?

    Some clinics can coordinate part of the monitoring locally, but this depends on the clinic's policy and on whether reliable local monitoring is available. Ask your clinic whether this is possible for your cycle.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT-A Testing Cost in Thailand: What a Quotation Should Include

    If you are comparing PGT-A quotations from clinics in Thailand, the total figure at the bottom of each page can be misleading. Two quotations with the same headline number may cover very different things. One may include biopsy handling and a set number of embryos; another may bill those separately. This guide explains the cost components you should expect to see itemised, which parts of a quotation commonly change, and the questions that help you compare fairly. It does not provide prices, because those depend on the clinic, the laboratory, and your own treatment plan. Use it as a checklist when you speak with each provider.

    At a glance

    • A useful PGT-A quotation separates IVF/ICSI fees, biopsy handling, genetic laboratory fees, freezing, storage, and medication.
    • Per-embryo pricing is common, but the number of embryos tested is rarely known in advance.
    • Re-biopsy, re-freezing, and shipping of samples are often excluded or conditional.
    • Ask whether the quotation is an estimate or a fixed package, and what triggers an additional charge.
    • Request the quotation in writing with a clear validity period.

    Why PGT-A quotations are hard to compare directly

    PGT-A (preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy) is not a single procedure with one price. It sits on top of an IVF cycle and involves several distinct steps: stimulating and monitoring the cycle, retrieving eggs, fertilising them, growing embryos to a suitable stage, taking a small sample of cells (a biopsy), freezing the embryos, and sending the biopsy samples to a genetics laboratory for analysis. Each step can be priced separately, bundled, or excluded.

    Clinics also differ in how they present the information. Some quote a package that covers a set number of embryos; others quote per embryo from the first one. Some include the genetic laboratory fee in the headline figure; others pass it through as a separate charge. This is why the same clinical plan can produce quotations that look very different on paper.

    What a PGT-A quotation should itemise

    When you request a quotation, ask for a written breakdown rather than a single total. The following categories are the ones most likely to appear. Not every clinic will use these exact labels, but the underlying costs should be identifiable.

    IVF cycle and embryology fees

    These cover the treatment that produces the embryos in the first place. They may include monitoring scans, blood tests, egg retrieval, sperm preparation, fertilisation (IVF or ICSI), embryo culture, and the embryologist’s time. PGT-A is an add-on to this cycle, so it is worth confirming whether the quotation you are comparing includes the IVF cycle itself or only the genetic testing portion.

    Embryo biopsy handling

    The biopsy is a laboratory procedure performed on each embryo that reaches the appropriate stage. It involves specialised equipment, an embryologist’s time, and careful handling to protect the embryo. Some quotations include biopsy handling in a package; others charge per embryo. Ask whether the biopsy fee is included, and whether it applies to every embryo or only to those that develop far enough to be sampled.

    Genetic laboratory fees per embryo

    This is the charge for analysing the biopsy samples at the genetics laboratory. It is often quoted per embryo, because the laboratory’s workload scales with the number of samples. The number of embryos available for testing is not known at the start of a cycle, so this part of the quotation is usually an estimate based on a range. Ask how the clinic handles the difference if fewer or more embryos are suitable for testing than expected.

    Embryo freezing (vitrification) and storage

    After biopsy, embryos are typically frozen while waiting for results. Freezing may be charged per embryo or as a batch. Storage is usually a recurring fee, often billed annually or monthly, and may start from the day the embryos are frozen. Ask when storage begins, how it is billed, and what happens if you transfer embryos at a later date or move them elsewhere.

    Medication

    Fertility medications are frequently excluded from quotations because the dose depends on your response to stimulation. Ask whether medication is included, estimated separately, or entirely your responsibility. If it is estimated, ask what that estimate is based on.

    Monitoring, blood tests, and consultations

    Some clinics include all monitoring visits in a package; others charge per visit or per scan. Confirm whether the quotation covers the full monitoring period or only a set number of appointments.

    Embryo transfer

    If you plan a frozen embryo transfer after PGT-A results, check whether that transfer is included. It may be quoted separately, and it may involve additional medication, monitoring, and laboratory fees.

    Components that commonly change

    Even a detailed quotation is usually an estimate, because several variables are not known until the cycle is underway. The table below lists common variables and the questions they raise.

    Variable Why it changes the quotation Question to ask
    Number of embryos suitable for biopsy Per-embryo fees scale with the number of samples Is there a minimum or maximum number of embryos included?
    Re-biopsy Some samples may not give a clear result and may need to be repeated Is re-biopsy included, and is there a charge if it is needed?
    Re-freezing Embryos may need to be frozen again after re-biopsy Does the quotation cover a second freeze?
    Storage duration Storage is often billed over time When does storage start, and how is it billed?
    Medication dose Dose depends on your response Is medication included or estimated separately?
    Additional procedures ICSI, assisted hatching, or other techniques may be added Are these included, and are they optional?
    Currency and payment timing Exchange rates and payment schedules affect the amount you pay Which currency is the quotation in, and when are payments due?

    Questions to ask when comparing quotations

    Use these questions consistently across clinics so you can compare like with like. Write down the answers and keep them with the quotation.

    1. Is this quotation a fixed package or an estimate? What could change it?
    2. Does the price include the IVF cycle, or only the PGT-A portion?
    3. How many embryos are included in the quoted price? What happens if there are more or fewer?
    4. Is the biopsy fee separate from the genetic laboratory fee?
    5. Are freezing and storage included? For how long?
    6. What happens if a sample needs to be re-biopsied or re-analysed?
    7. Are medication, monitoring, and the embryo transfer included?
    8. Are there any administrative, courier, or sample-shipping charges?
    9. What is the quotation’s validity period, and which currency is it in?
    10. What is the refund or credit policy if the cycle is cancelled or no embryos are suitable for testing?

    How to read a per-embryo fee

    A per-embryo fee is common for the genetic laboratory portion of PGT-A. It can be useful because it links the cost to the work performed. However, it also means the total is uncertain until the embryology team knows how many embryos have developed sufficiently. When you see a per-embryo fee, ask whether it applies to all embryos created or only to those that reach the biopsy stage, and whether there is a separate charge for embryos that are frozen but not tested.

    What quotations often leave out

    Even detailed quotations may exclude some items. These are worth asking about explicitly:

    • Pre-treatment consultations and any investigations required before the cycle
    • Medication, which is often a significant separate cost
    • Travel, accommodation, and time away from work
    • Embryo storage after the first included period
    • Future frozen embryo transfers
    • Genetic counselling, if it is recommended or required
    • Any fees related to shipping samples or records to another clinic

    Planning your comparison

    Start by asking each clinic for a written quotation with the categories above itemised. If a clinic cannot provide a breakdown, ask whether a more detailed estimate is available. Then compare the quotations side by side, noting which items are included, which are estimated, and which are excluded. A quotation that looks higher may include more; one that looks lower may leave out significant costs.

    It also helps to ask about the clinic’s process for keeping you informed if costs are likely to change during the cycle. A clear communication plan can reduce financial surprises.

    Next steps

    • Request written quotations from the clinics you are considering.
    • Use the questions above to fill in any gaps.
    • Ask for the quotation in a single currency and check the validity period.
    • Keep a simple spreadsheet to compare included, estimated, and excluded items.
    • Confirm your understanding with the clinic before you commit.

    For more context on treatment and planning, you may find our guides on PGT-A cost in Thailand and IVF cost in Thailand useful. You can also explore our patient resources or contact us with questions.

    Frequently asked questions

    Does a PGT-A quotation in Thailand usually include the IVF cycle?

    It depends on the clinic. Some quotations cover only the genetic testing portion, while others bundle the IVF cycle and PGT-A together. Always ask whether the IVF cycle, medication, monitoring, and embryo transfer are included or billed separately.

    Why is the per-embryo fee uncertain at the start?

    The number of embryos that develop far enough to be biopsied is not known until the cycle is underway. Because the genetic laboratory fee is often charged per embryo, the final amount can differ from the initial estimate. Ask how the clinic handles this difference.

    What should I do if a quotation does not itemise costs?

    Ask the clinic for a written breakdown that separates IVF fees, biopsy handling, genetic laboratory fees, freezing, storage, and medication. If a detailed breakdown is not available, ask for a written explanation of what is included and what is not.

    Are storage fees for frozen embryos included in the quotation?

    Storage is often billed separately and may start from the day the embryos are frozen. Ask when storage begins, how it is billed, and whether an initial period is included in the quotation.

    What happens if a biopsy sample needs to be re-analysed?

    Re-biopsy or re-analysis may be possible, but it can involve additional laboratory work and freezing. Ask whether these contingencies are covered in the quotation or charged separately.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT IVF Embryo Biopsy in Thailand: Process, Timing and What to Confirm

    Embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is usually performed on day 5 or day 6 of embryo development, when an embryo has reached the blastocyst stage. A small sample of cells is taken from the outer layer (trophectoderm), which is the part that would later form the placenta, rather than from the inner cell mass that becomes the baby. The sample is then prepared and sent to a genetics laboratory for analysis. In Thailand, as elsewhere, the exact timing, technique, laboratory workflow and reporting process can vary between clinics, so the most reliable source of information is the clinic that will actually perform your treatment.

    At a glance

    • Biopsy is typically done at the blastocyst stage, often on day 5 or day 6 after fertilisation.
    • The most common technique is trophectoderm biopsy, which samples the outer cells of the embryo.
    • An embryologist performs the biopsy in the IVF laboratory, not in the operating theatre.
    • The sample is processed and sent to a genetics laboratory; results are usually reported back to your clinic.
    • Biopsy is one step in a longer IVF and PGT pathway, not a standalone procedure.
    • Exact protocols, laboratory arrangements and timelines must be confirmed with your treating clinic.

    Where biopsy fits in the IVF and PGT timeline

    Embryo biopsy is not the first step in IVF. It happens after ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, fertilisation and several days of embryo culture. Understanding the sequence helps you plan travel and expectations.

    1. Ovarian stimulation and monitoring. Medication is used to encourage multiple eggs to mature, with monitoring scans and blood tests.
    2. Egg retrieval. Eggs are collected in a short procedure, usually under sedation or light anaesthesia.
    3. Fertilisation. Eggs are combined with sperm in the laboratory, or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be used.
    4. Embryo culture. Embryos are monitored as they divide and develop, often to the blastocyst stage.
    5. Embryo biopsy. A small sample of cells is removed from suitable embryos, usually on day 5 or day 6.
    6. Sample processing and transport. The sample is prepared and sent to a genetics laboratory for analysis.
    7. Genetic analysis and reporting. The laboratory analyses the sample and sends a report to your clinic.
    8. Embryo freezing and later transfer. Biopsied embryos are typically frozen while waiting for results, and a transfer is planned in a later cycle.

    This sequence is a general framework. Your clinic may adjust steps based on your medical history, the number and quality of embryos, and its own laboratory protocols.

    What happens during an embryo biopsy

    Embryo biopsy is a laboratory procedure performed by an embryologist. It does not involve surgery on the patient. The embryo remains in a controlled culture environment throughout.

    Preparing the embryo

    On the day of biopsy, the embryologist assesses embryo development. Not every embryo will be suitable for biopsy. Some may be too slow to develop, may have stopped developing, or may not have a clear enough structure for a safe sample. The clinic will explain which embryos are being considered and why.

    The biopsy technique

    The most widely used approach is trophectoderm biopsy. In this technique, the embryologist uses fine instruments and a microscope to remove a small number of cells from the outer layer of the blastocyst. The inner cell mass, which is the part that develops into the fetus, is generally left undisturbed. The number of cells removed is small and is chosen to balance the need for enough DNA for analysis against the desire to minimise disturbance to the embryo.

    Other biopsy approaches exist, such as polar body biopsy or cleavage-stage biopsy, but these are used less often in current practice for PGT. The technique your clinic uses should be explained to you before treatment.

    The embryologist’s role

    The embryologist is responsible for embryo culture, assessing embryo development, performing the biopsy, handling the sample, and documenting the process. This is a specialised skill. If you are considering treatment in Thailand, it is reasonable to ask how the laboratory trains and maintains the skills of its embryologists, and how many biopsy procedures they perform.

    Sample handling

    After biopsy, the sample is placed in a labelled tube or similar container and processed according to the laboratory’s protocol. It is then sent to a genetics laboratory for analysis. The genetics laboratory may be on-site or may be a separate facility. The way samples are labelled, tracked and transported is an important part of quality control. Your clinic should be able to describe how it prevents sample mix-ups and how it keeps you informed if there are any delays.

    Timing and travel planning

    Because biopsy happens after several days of embryo culture, it usually falls within the same treatment window as egg retrieval. Many international patients plan to be in Thailand for the stimulation, retrieval and biopsy period, then return home while waiting for genetic results. The embryo transfer is often planned for a later cycle.

    Exact timelines vary. Factors include how your body responds to stimulation, how many embryos develop to the blastocyst stage, and how long the genetics laboratory takes to return results. Your clinic can give you a personalised estimate, but you should treat any timeline as an estimate rather than a guarantee.

    What PGT can and cannot tell you

    PGT is a group of tests. Different types look for different things. PGT-A looks at chromosome number, PGT-M looks at specific inherited conditions, and PGT-SR looks at structural chromosome rearrangements. The test your clinic recommends depends on your history and your reasons for testing.

    No test is perfect. PGT can reduce the chance of transferring an embryo with a specific chromosomal or genetic finding, but it cannot guarantee a pregnancy, a live birth, or a child without any health condition. It also cannot rule out all genetic conditions. Some results may be unclear, and some embryos may be reported as mosaic, meaning the sample showed a mix of cells with different results. How a clinic interprets and uses these results is a clinical decision that should be discussed with you in detail.

    Potential risks and limitations of biopsy

    Embryo biopsy is generally considered a low-risk procedure, but it is not risk-free. Possible concerns include:

    • Embryo damage. There is a small chance that an embryo may be damaged or may not survive the procedure.
    • Inconclusive results. Sometimes the sample does not provide enough DNA, or the result is unclear, and repeat testing may not be possible.
    • Mosaicism. The sample may not fully represent the rest of the embryo, which can make interpretation more complex.
    • No guarantee of pregnancy. A normal test result does not guarantee that an embryo will implant or lead to a live birth.
    • Cost and logistics. Biopsy and genetic testing add steps and costs to IVF. These should be discussed in advance.

    Your clinic should explain the specific risks that apply to your situation and how they handle uncertain results.

    Questions to ask your clinic in Thailand

    Use these questions to compare clinics and to understand what is included in your care. The answers will help you decide whether a clinic’s approach fits your needs.

    • At what stage do you perform embryo biopsy, and which technique do you use?
    • Who performs the biopsy, and what is their training and experience?
    • How many biopsy procedures does your laboratory perform, and how do you monitor quality?
    • Do you perform genetic analysis on-site or send samples to another laboratory? If samples are sent elsewhere, how are they tracked?
    • How long do results usually take, and how are they reported to me?
    • What happens if a result is inconclusive or mosaic?
    • Are biopsied embryos frozen, and when would transfer be planned?
    • What are the costs of biopsy, genetic testing, freezing and storage, and are there separate fees for the genetics laboratory?
    • What are your success rates for patients with my profile, and how do you define success?
    • What support do you offer to international patients, including language interpretation and coordination with my home clinic?

    Next-step checklist for international patients

    1. Clarify your reasons for PGT and which test is being considered.
    2. Ask your clinic for a written treatment plan and cost estimate, including biopsy and genetics laboratory fees.
    3. Confirm the expected timeline, including how many days you need to be in Thailand and when results are likely.
    4. Ask how embryos will be stored and what happens if you need to delay transfer.
    5. Check what documents you need for travel and treatment, and confirm visa or entry requirements with the relevant authority.
    6. Arrange follow-up care and communication with your home clinic if you plan to return home after retrieval.
    7. Keep a copy of your treatment records and laboratory reports.

    For more context on the overall pathway, see our guides to PGT in Thailand, IVF in Thailand, the treatment process, and information for international patients.

    Frequently asked questions

    When is embryo biopsy performed during IVF?

    Embryo biopsy for PGT is usually performed on day 5 or day 6 after fertilisation, when embryos have reached the blastocyst stage. The exact day depends on how the embryos develop and on your clinic's laboratory protocol. Your clinic can tell you what to expect in your cycle.

    Does embryo biopsy hurt?

    Embryo biopsy is a laboratory procedure performed on the embryo, not on your body. It does not involve surgery or anaesthesia for the patient. The embryo remains in the laboratory throughout. Any discomfort you experience would relate to other parts of the IVF cycle, such as egg retrieval.

    What is the difference between trophectoderm biopsy and other biopsy methods?

    Trophectoderm biopsy samples cells from the outer layer of the blastocyst, which would normally form the placenta. It is the most common method used for PGT today. Other methods, such as polar body biopsy or cleavage-stage biopsy, sample different cells at earlier stages and are used less often. Your clinic can explain which method it uses and why.

    Can PGT biopsy guarantee a healthy baby?

    No. PGT can provide information about specific chromosomal or genetic findings in the sampled cells, but it cannot guarantee a pregnancy, a live birth, or a child without any health condition. Some results may be inconclusive or mosaic, and no test can rule out all possible conditions. Your clinic should discuss the limitations with you.

    How long do PGT results take in Thailand?

    Turnaround times vary by clinic and genetics laboratory. Some clinics may provide results within a week or two, while others may take longer. Because timelines can change, ask your treating clinic for an estimate based on its current workflow and confirm how results will be communicated to you.

    Do I need to stay in Thailand for the whole PGT process?

    Many international patients stay in Thailand for stimulation, egg retrieval and biopsy, then return home while waiting for genetic results. The embryo transfer is often planned for a later cycle. The exact length of stay depends on your treatment plan and your clinic's schedule, so confirm this with your clinic before booking travel.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT Report Interpretation Checklist for Thailand: A Plain-English Guide for International Patients

    Reading a PGT report from a Thai clinic can feel like decoding a foreign language, especially when you are far from home and the results arrive by email. This checklist helps you review the report calmly, understand common terms such as euploid, aneuploid and mosaic, and prepare focused questions for a genetic counselor or clinician. It does not tell you what your results mean for your own treatment. Only a qualified professional who knows your history can do that. Use this guide to organize your reading, not to replace medical advice.

    At a glance

    • PGT reports describe laboratory findings about embryos, not a guarantee of pregnancy or a healthy child.
    • Common result categories include euploid, aneuploid, mosaic and inconclusive or no result.
    • Check that the report identifies the clinic, laboratory, patient, cycle and date.
    • Look for the PGT type: PGT-A, PGT-M or PGT-SR.
    • Write down your questions before speaking with a genetic counselor or clinician.
    • Ask how the clinic will explain the report to you and whether a translated version is available.

    What a PGT report is and what it is not

    Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a laboratory test performed on cells taken from an embryo during IVF. The report summarizes what the laboratory observed. It is not a diagnosis of a future child, and it cannot promise that a transferred embryo will implant, develop normally or result in a live birth. PGT also cannot rule out all genetic conditions, because testing looks at specific things and has technical limits.

    There are different types of PGT. PGT-A looks at the number of chromosomes in an embryo. PGT-M looks for a specific inherited condition that runs in a family. PGT-SR looks at structural chromosome rearrangements. Your report should state which type was performed, because the meaning of the results depends on the test.

    Checklist: details to confirm on the first page

    Before you read the results, confirm that the report belongs to you and your cycle. Missing or mismatched identifiers are a reason to contact the clinic before drawing any conclusions.

    • Patient name and date of birth, or another unique identifier.
    • Partner or donor information, if relevant to your case.
    • Clinic name and laboratory name.
    • Cycle number or embryo cohort identifier.
    • Date of embryo biopsy and date the report was issued.
    • Type of PGT performed: PGT-A, PGT-M or PGT-SR.
    • Method used, if stated, such as the technology platform or whether the lab used a fresh or thawed sample.
    • Number of embryos tested and number with a result.
    • Whether any embryos were not tested or gave no result.

    If any of these details are unclear, ask the clinic to clarify them in writing. A report that cannot be linked confidently to your cycle is difficult to interpret.

    Understanding the main result categories

    PGT reports often use a small set of terms. The exact wording varies by laboratory, so always ask the clinic to explain the terms used in your report.

    Term Plain-English meaning What it does not tell you
    Euploid The laboratory found the expected number of chromosomes for the type of test performed. It does not guarantee implantation, pregnancy or a healthy child.
    Aneuploid The laboratory found an extra or missing chromosome, or another chromosome number difference. It does not describe every possible feature of that embryo, and it does not predict how any future pregnancy would develop.
    Mosaic The laboratory found a mix of cells with different chromosome patterns in the sample. It does not mean the embryo will definitely develop in a particular way. Mosaic results are often discussed case by case.
    Inconclusive or no result The laboratory could not produce a clear result for that embryo. It does not mean the embryo is abnormal. It means the test did not give a clear answer.
    Affected or unaffected (PGT-M or PGT-SR) The laboratory found or did not find the specific genetic change being tested for. It does not rule out other genetic conditions that were not part of the test.

    Some reports include a percentage or a confidence note next to a mosaic result. These details can be technical. Ask the laboratory or your clinician to explain what the number means for your report rather than interpreting it yourself.

    Checklist: questions to ask about each embryo result

    For every embryo listed, you can note the result and then ask the clinic these questions. The answers help you understand the report without turning it into a self-diagnosis.

    1. What does this result mean in plain language for this specific embryo?
    2. Was the result clear, borderline or inconclusive?
    3. If the result is mosaic, how does the clinic usually discuss mosaic results with patients?
    4. Does the report include a recommendation, or is the decision left to me and my clinician?
    5. Are there any embryos with no result, and what are the options for those embryos?
    6. How does this result fit with the rest of my IVF cycle information?
    7. What would you want me to understand before I decide anything?

    PGT-A, PGT-M and PGT-SR: why the type matters

    The same word can carry different weight depending on the test. A PGT-A report is usually about chromosome number across the embryo. A PGT-M report is usually about a specific inherited condition that was known before testing. A PGT-SR report is usually about a structural rearrangement that was identified in a parent or donor.

    Because of these differences, a result that looks simple on paper may need a more detailed explanation. For example, a PGT-M result may say an embryo is unaffected for the condition tested, but that does not mean all genetic risks are excluded. A PGT-A result may say an embryo is euploid, but that does not guarantee a pregnancy. Ask your clinician to explain the scope and limits of the specific test you had.

    Limitations to keep in mind

    PGT is a screening and diagnostic laboratory tool with technical limits. It cannot detect every possible genetic or health issue. It cannot predict how an embryo will develop after transfer. It cannot guarantee a successful pregnancy, a live birth or a healthy child. Some results are uncertain, and some embryos may be reported as mosaic or inconclusive.

    PGT is also not necessary or suitable for every patient or every IVF cycle. Whether PGT is appropriate depends on your medical history, your reasons for testing and the advice of your treating clinician. A PGT report is one piece of information among many, not a final answer.

    Preparing for your conversation with a genetic counselor or clinician

    Before your appointment, organize your questions in writing. If the report is in Thai or another language, ask the clinic whether an English version or a translated summary is available. If you are joining by phone or video, confirm the time zone and whether an interpreter can be arranged.

    • Ask who will explain the report: a genetic counselor, a clinician or both.
    • Ask whether the laboratory that performed the test can be contacted for technical questions.
    • Ask how the clinic handles results that are mosaic or inconclusive.
    • Ask what information the clinic needs from you before the discussion.
    • Ask for the explanation in writing if you may need to review it later.
    • Take notes and repeat back what you understood, so any misunderstanding can be corrected.

    You can also read more about the general process on our PGT in Thailand page, browse other patient guides in our guides section, or check common questions in our FAQ.

    Next-step checklist after reading the report

    1. Confirm the report belongs to your cycle and that all identifiers match.
    2. Note the PGT type and the result for each embryo.
    3. Mark any term you do not understand, especially mosaic or inconclusive results.
    4. Write down your questions before contacting the clinic.
    5. Ask for a conversation with a genetic counselor or clinician.
    6. Ask for a written summary or translated explanation if needed.
    7. Do not make treatment decisions based only on the report before speaking with your clinician.

    Practical notes for international patients

    Time zones, language and distance can make report discussions harder. Ask the clinic how they usually share results with international patients, whether they offer a scheduled call, and whether they can provide documents in a language you read comfortably. If you are planning travel or a follow-up cycle, ask what information you should bring to your next appointment. Keep copies of all reports and correspondence in one place.

    Costs, visa rules, legal requirements and clinic-specific policies can change. This guide does not state exact prices, documents or legal conclusions. Confirm those details directly with your clinic and, where relevant, with the appropriate authority.

    Frequently asked questions

    What does euploid mean on a PGT report?

    Euploid generally means the laboratory found the expected number of chromosomes for the type of test performed. It does not guarantee that an embryo will implant, lead to a pregnancy or result in a healthy child. Ask your clinician to explain what a euploid result means in your specific situation.

    What is the difference between aneuploid and mosaic?

    Aneuploid usually means the laboratory found an extra or missing chromosome, or another chromosome number difference. Mosaic usually means the laboratory found a mix of cells with different chromosome patterns in the sample. Mosaic results are often discussed case by case because the meaning can be less clear-cut. A genetic counselor or clinician can explain how these terms apply to your report.

    Can I interpret my PGT report without a clinician?

    You can read the report and note the terms, but you should not interpret the results on your own. PGT results need to be considered alongside your medical history, the type of test performed and the limits of the laboratory method. A genetic counselor or clinician can help you understand what the report does and does not tell you.

    What should I do if my PGT report is inconclusive?

    An inconclusive or no-result entry means the laboratory could not produce a clear result for that embryo. It does not automatically mean the embryo is abnormal. Ask your clinic what options exist for embryos with no result and how they usually discuss these situations with patients.

    Does PGT guarantee a healthy baby?

    No. PGT is a laboratory test with technical limits. It cannot detect every possible genetic or health issue, and it cannot guarantee implantation, pregnancy, live birth or child health. It is one part of IVF care, not a guarantee of any outcome.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT Test Types Explained: PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR for International Patients in Thailand

    Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a group of laboratory tests performed on embryos created through in vitro fertilisation (IVF). The three main types are PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR. Each looks at a different kind of genetic or chromosomal question. PGT-A checks for extra or missing chromosomes across the embryo. PGT-M looks for a specific inherited condition known to run in a family. PGT-SR looks at chromosome rearrangements, such as translocations, that can affect how chromosomes are distributed. No PGT test guarantees a healthy pregnancy or a live birth, and not every patient needs PGT. The right choice, if any, is a medical decision made with your clinic based on your history and goals.

    At a glance

    • PGT-A — screens for extra or missing chromosomes (aneuploidy) across the embryo.
    • PGT-M — tests for a specific inherited condition caused by a known gene variant in the family.
    • PGT-SR — tests for chromosome structural rearrangements, such as translocations or inversions.
    • All three require an IVF cycle and a biopsy of embryo cells.
    • Results are reported as probabilities or classifications, not certainties.
    • Test selection depends on your history, prior testing, and the reason PGT is being considered.

    What PGT is and what it is not

    PGT is a screening and diagnostic tool used during IVF. It is not a treatment for infertility, and it does not improve the quality of an embryo. It provides information that you and your clinician can use when deciding which embryo(s) to transfer, if any.

    PGT is not a guarantee. A low-risk result does not promise a healthy baby, and a high-risk result does not always mean an embryo cannot produce a healthy pregnancy. Some results are uncertain, and some tests cannot detect every possible genetic condition. PGT also does not replace prenatal testing or newborn screening.

    PGT-A: chromosome number screening

    PGT-A (preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy) counts chromosomes. Human embryos should have 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs. An embryo with an extra or missing chromosome is called aneuploid. Aneuploidy becomes more common with increasing maternal age and is a common reason IVF cycles do not lead to a live birth.

    PGT-A is usually considered when a clinic wants to estimate the chance that an embryo has a normal chromosome number. It may be discussed for patients with a history of recurrent implantation failure, recurrent pregnancy loss, or previous aneuploid pregnancies. It is also sometimes offered to patients without these histories, but the benefit in that situation is debated.

    PGT-A cannot tell you whether an embryo will implant, and it does not test for single-gene conditions. It also cannot detect all chromosomal problems, such as very small deletions or duplications, unless a different test is used.

    PGT-M: testing for a known inherited condition

    PGT-M (preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders) is used when a family is at risk of passing on a specific inherited condition caused by a change in a single gene. Examples include cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy, thalassaemia, and Huntington’s disease. The list of possible conditions is long, and the test must be customised for the gene variant in the family.

    PGT-M usually requires a genetic counselling session and a DNA sample from one or both parents, and sometimes from an affected family member. The laboratory builds a specific test before the IVF cycle begins. This preparation can take time, so it is often started well before stimulation.

    PGT-M does not screen for all genetic conditions. It only looks for the specific variant it was designed to detect. If the family variant is not known, additional genetic testing may be needed first.

    PGT-SR: testing for chromosome rearrangements

    PGT-SR (preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements) is used when one parent has a chromosome rearrangement, such as a balanced translocation, Robertsonian translocation, or inversion. People with these rearrangements are often healthy, but they may produce embryos with unbalanced chromosome material, which can lead to miscarriage or a child with health problems.

    PGT-SR is designed to identify embryos with unbalanced chromosome arrangements. Like PGT-M, it usually requires a custom laboratory setup and prior genetic testing of the parent(s) to characterise the rearrangement.

    PGT-SR does not correct the rearrangement. It only helps select embryos that appear balanced or normal for the chromosomes involved. It cannot guarantee a healthy pregnancy.

    How PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR compare

    Feature PGT-A PGT-M PGT-SR
    What it looks at Chromosome number (extra or missing chromosomes) A specific gene variant linked to an inherited condition Chromosome structure (rearrangements such as translocations)
    Typical reason to consider History of miscarriage, implantation failure, or advanced maternal age Family history of a known single-gene condition Known chromosome rearrangement in a parent
    Preparation needed Usually none beyond standard IVF Genetic counselling, parental DNA, custom test design Genetic counselling, parental DNA, custom test design
    What it cannot do Detect single-gene conditions or all structural problems Detect conditions other than the one tested for Correct the rearrangement or guarantee balance in all cells

    This table is a general comparison. Your clinic may use different terms or combine tests. Some laboratories offer PGT-A and PGT-M together, or PGT-A plus PGT-SR, depending on the situation.

    Why a clinic may recommend one test over another

    Test selection is based on your medical and family history, previous genetic testing, and the reason PGT is being considered. For example:

    • If you have a known balanced translocation, PGT-SR may be discussed.
    • If you or your partner carry a gene variant for a serious inherited condition, PGT-M may be discussed.
    • If you have recurrent pregnancy loss or repeated implantation failure without a known genetic cause, PGT-A may be discussed.
    • If you have no specific risk factors, PGT may not be recommended at all.

    Clinics may also consider factors such as the number of embryos available, the cost and time required for custom test design, and whether the laboratory has the necessary expertise. There is no single correct answer for everyone.

    What PGT results can and cannot tell you

    PGT results are usually reported as low-risk (sometimes called euploid or normal) or high-risk (aneuploid or affected). Some results are inconclusive, meaning the test could not give a clear answer. In some cases, a result may be affected by mosaicism, where an embryo has a mix of cells with different chromosome numbers. Mosaicism can make interpretation more complex.

    A low-risk result does not guarantee a healthy baby. A high-risk result does not always mean the embryo cannot produce a healthy pregnancy, but it may reduce the chance. Your clinic should explain what your specific result means and what your options are.

    Alternatives and limitations

    PGT is one option among several. Alternatives include:

    • IVF without PGT, with embryo selection based on appearance (morphology).
    • Prenatal testing during pregnancy, such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis.
    • Newborn screening after birth.
    • Genetic counselling to understand risks without PGT.

    PGT has limitations. It requires an embryo biopsy, which is an invasive procedure for the embryo. It adds cost and time to an IVF cycle. It may not be available for all conditions, and it cannot detect every genetic problem. Some embryos may be discarded or not transferred based on results that are later found to be inaccurate or uncertain.

    Questions to ask your clinic

    Before deciding on PGT, ask your clinic:

    • Which PGT test are you recommending for my situation, and why?
    • What will the test look for, and what will it not look for?
    • How will the results be reported, and what do uncertain results mean?
    • What are the alternatives to PGT in my case?
    • What are the additional costs, and what do they cover?
    • How long does test preparation take, and how does it fit with my travel plans?
    • What are the risks of embryo biopsy?
    • What happens to embryos that are not transferred?

    Next steps for international patients

    If you are considering PGT in Thailand, start by gathering your medical and genetic records. Ask your current doctor for a summary of your fertility history, any genetic test results, and relevant family history. Then contact a clinic that offers PGT and ask the questions above. You can also read more about international patient coordination, PGT in Thailand, our guides, and our FAQ.

    Remember that PGT is a medical decision. This article is educational only and does not replace personalised advice from a qualified clinician.

    Frequently asked questions

    What is the difference between PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR?

    PGT-A screens for extra or missing chromosomes across the embryo. PGT-M tests for a specific inherited condition caused by a known gene variant in the family. PGT-SR tests for chromosome rearrangements, such as translocations, that can affect how chromosomes are distributed. Each test answers a different question, and a clinic may recommend one or more based on your history.

    Do I need PGT if I am doing IVF?

    Not necessarily. PGT is not required for IVF and is not appropriate for everyone. Whether PGT is useful depends on your medical history, family history, previous genetic testing, and the reason you are considering it. Your clinic can help you decide if PGT is right for your situation.

    Can PGT guarantee a healthy baby?

    No. PGT can provide information about the likelihood of certain chromosomal or genetic conditions, but it cannot guarantee a healthy pregnancy or a healthy baby. Some results are uncertain, and PGT does not detect every possible condition. Prenatal testing and newborn screening may still be recommended.

    How long does PGT take, and does it affect my travel plans?

    The time required depends on the type of PGT. PGT-A is usually performed as part of the IVF cycle, while PGT-M and PGT-SR often require custom test preparation that can take additional weeks before the IVF cycle begins. Ask your clinic for a timeline that fits your travel plans.

    What should I ask a clinic in Thailand about PGT?

    Ask which PGT test they recommend and why, what the test can and cannot detect, how results are reported, what the additional costs are, how long preparation takes, and what alternatives exist. Also ask about the experience and accreditation of the laboratory performing the test.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • How to Choose a PGT Laboratory in Thailand: A Guide for International Patients

    Choosing a PGT laboratory in Thailand is not the same as choosing a clinic. Many Thai IVF clinics work with one or more genetics laboratories, and the lab performs the actual embryo biopsy analysis and reporting. For international patients, the practical question is: which lab will handle your embryos, and how does that lab’s scope, communication, and logistics fit your situation? This guide gives you a structured way to compare labs and ask better questions. It does not recommend a specific lab, because the right fit depends on your clinical needs, your clinic’s workflow, and what you can verify directly.

    At a glance

    • PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR are different tests with different lab requirements.
    • Accreditation and quality systems matter, but they are only one part of lab selection.
    • Ask how results are reported, who explains them, and what happens if results are inconclusive.
    • Confirm sample transport, timelines, and costs in writing before treatment.
    • Your clinic’s lab relationships may limit your choice; ask early.

    Why lab selection deserves its own conversation

    In IVF with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), a few cells are removed from an embryo and sent to a genetics laboratory for analysis. The lab’s job is to produce a reliable result that your clinic can use when deciding which embryo(s) to transfer. Because the lab step sits between the clinic and your transfer decision, a mismatch in expectations, scope, or turnaround time can affect your planning even when the clinical care is good.

    International patients often compare clinics first and labs second. That order can work, but it helps to ask about the lab early, because some clinics work with a preferred lab while others may offer a choice. The lab you end up with can influence how your samples are handled, how results are worded, and how quickly you can move to the next step.

    Start with the test you actually need

    PGT is an umbrella term. The lab requirements differ by test type, so clarify which test is being considered for your case before comparing labs.

    • PGT-A (aneuploidy screening): Looks at chromosome number in embryos. It is used to identify embryos with extra or missing chromosomes. It does not diagnose a specific inherited condition and does not guarantee a healthy pregnancy.
    • PGT-M (monogenic disease): Looks for a specific inherited condition caused by a single gene change. It usually requires a known familial mutation and often a custom test setup, which can take additional time.
    • PGT-SR (structural rearrangement): Used when a parent has a known chromosome rearrangement, such as a translocation or inversion. It requires lab expertise in structural chromosome analysis.

    Not every lab offers every test, and not every clinic offers every lab option. If your case involves PGT-M or PGT-SR, ask whether the lab has relevant experience and whether a custom probe or test validation is needed. If your case involves PGT-A only, the comparison may focus more on reporting, logistics, and quality systems.

    Core criteria for comparing PGT laboratories

    Use the same criteria for each lab so your comparison is consistent. The table below lists decision areas and what to ask. It does not include specific lab names or figures, because those must be verified directly with the clinic or lab.

    Decision area What to ask Why it matters
    Accreditation and quality systems Which accreditations does the lab hold? How does it participate in external quality assessment? Indicates a structured approach to quality, but does not by itself guarantee outcomes.
    Test scope Does the lab offer PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR? Does it handle custom tests? Your test type must match the lab’s capabilities.
    Sample logistics How are biopsy samples transported? Who is responsible at each step? Transport errors or delays can affect sample integrity and timelines.
    Turnaround time What is the typical reporting time? Does it differ by test type? Affects whether you can do a fresh or frozen transfer and how you plan travel.
    Reporting and communication What does the report include? Who explains it to you? Is a genetic counselor involved? Clear reporting helps you understand results and limitations.
    Inconclusive or failed results What happens if a sample fails or results are inconclusive? Is re-testing possible? Sets expectations and may affect decision-making.
    Cost transparency What is included in the lab fee? Are there separate charges for custom tests or re-runs? Helps you compare total costs, not just headline prices.
    Data and privacy How are genetic data stored and shared? What consent is required? Genetic information is sensitive and may have legal implications.

    Accreditation and quality: what to verify

    Accreditation is a useful starting point, but it is not a complete picture. Ask which specific accreditations the lab holds and whether they are current. You can also ask whether the lab participates in proficiency testing or external quality assessment schemes for the tests you need. If a clinic says it works with an accredited lab, ask for the lab’s name and how you can verify its status directly.

    Quality systems also include internal controls, validation of new tests, and how the lab handles discrepancies. You do not need to become a lab expert, but you can ask how the lab monitors accuracy and what happens when a result is unclear.

    Logistics for international patients

    For international patients, lab selection is also a logistics decision. Embryo biopsy usually happens at the clinic, and the sample then goes to the lab. If the lab is off-site or in another city, transport arrangements matter. Ask who coordinates transport, how samples are tracked, and what contingency plans exist for delays.

    Turnaround time affects your travel. If results take longer than expected, you may need to stay longer, change flights, or plan for a frozen embryo transfer instead of a fresh one. Ask for a realistic range, not a best-case number, and ask how you will be notified of delays.

    If you are planning to return home between retrieval and transfer, clarify how results will be communicated internationally and whether your local doctor can receive them. Cross-border communication can add steps, so confirm who your main contact will be.

    Reporting, counseling, and informed consent

    A PGT report is a technical document. It should be explained in plain language by someone who understands both the lab result and your clinical context. Ask whether the clinic provides genetic counseling before and after testing. Counseling helps you understand what a result does and does not mean, including the possibility of mosaicism, inconclusive results, or variants of uncertain significance.

    Informed consent for PGT should cover what is tested, what is not tested, the limitations of the test, and what happens to your samples and data. If you are comparing labs, ask to see a sample report (with identifiers removed) so you can judge how clearly results are presented.

    Cost categories to compare

    Lab fees vary, and the cheapest option is not automatically the best fit. Compare cost categories rather than a single number. Typical categories include:

    • Test setup or custom probe development (for PGT-M or PGT-SR)
    • Per-embryo or per-sample analysis fee
    • Biopsy-related charges (often billed by the clinic, not the lab)
    • Shipping and handling for samples
    • Re-analysis or re-run fees if a sample fails
    • Genetic counseling or consultation fees

    Ask for a written breakdown and clarify which costs are paid to the clinic and which to the lab. Currency, payment timing, and refund policies are also worth confirming in writing.

    Questions to ask your clinic about lab choice

    1. Which laboratory or laboratories do you work with for PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR?
    2. Can I choose a different lab, or is the lab determined by the clinic?
    3. What accreditations does the lab hold, and how can I verify them?
    4. What is the typical turnaround time for my test type, and what is the realistic range?
    5. How are samples transported, and who is responsible if there is a delay?
    6. What does the report include, and who will explain it to me?
    7. What happens if a sample fails or the result is inconclusive?
    8. What are the total lab-related costs, including any custom test or re-run fees?
    9. How is my genetic data stored, shared, and protected?
    10. Can my local doctor receive the results, and in what format?

    Limitations and alternatives to keep in mind

    PGT is a screening or diagnostic tool with limitations. It does not guarantee a successful pregnancy, a live birth, or a child without health conditions. Some embryos may be mosaic, meaning the result is not a simple positive or negative. In some cases, testing may not be appropriate, and your clinic may recommend proceeding without PGT or using a different approach.

    If you are comparing labs, remember that lab quality is one factor among many. Your age, embryo quality, clinic expertise, and transfer planning also matter. A lab cannot compensate for all clinical variables, and no lab can promise an outcome.

    Next steps for your lab comparison

    1. Clarify which PGT test is being considered for your case.
    2. Ask your clinic which labs it works with and whether you have a choice.
    3. Request the lab’s name and verify its accreditation status directly.
    4. Ask for a sample report and a written cost breakdown.
    5. Confirm logistics, turnaround time, and communication plans in writing.
    6. Discuss limitations and alternatives with a qualified professional before deciding.

    You can also review our PGT in Thailand overview, compare hospitals, explore guides, and check the FAQ for more context. Always confirm details with your treating clinic and the relevant laboratory before making decisions.

    Frequently asked questions

    Can I choose which PGT laboratory my embryos are sent to in Thailand?

    Sometimes, but not always. Some clinics work with a preferred laboratory, while others may offer a choice. Ask your clinic early whether you can select a lab and what the process would involve. If you cannot choose, ask which lab will be used and how to verify its credentials.

    What is the difference between PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR when comparing labs?

    PGT-A screens for chromosome number, PGT-M looks for a specific inherited condition, and PGT-SR looks for a known structural chromosome rearrangement. Labs may differ in which tests they offer and their experience with each. Match the lab's scope to the test your clinic recommends for your situation.

    How long do PGT results take in Thailand?

    Turnaround times vary by laboratory, test type, and whether a custom test is needed. Ask your clinic for a realistic range rather than a single number, and confirm how delays are communicated. This helps you plan travel and decide between a fresh or frozen embryo transfer.

    Does a good PGT lab guarantee a successful pregnancy?

    No. PGT is a tool that provides information about embryos, but it does not guarantee pregnancy, live birth, or a child without health conditions. Many factors affect outcomes, including embryo quality, maternal age, and clinical care. Discuss what PGT can and cannot do with your treating clinician.

    What should I ask about genetic data privacy when choosing a lab?

    Ask how your genetic data and samples are stored, who can access them, how long they are kept, and whether they are shared with third parties. Confirm what consent is required and how you can request deletion or withdrawal where applicable. Privacy rules may vary, so ask for the lab's policy in writing.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT IVF Questions to Ask in Thailand: A Consultation Question Bank for International Patients

    If you are preparing for a PGT IVF consultation in Thailand, the most useful thing you can do is arrive with a written list of questions. Ask about which PGT test is being proposed and why, how many embryos might be suitable for testing, what happens to embryos that are not transferred, how results will be explained, and what the full cost and timeline are likely to include. Because PGT is a laboratory step added to an IVF cycle, the answers depend on your own medical situation, the clinic’s laboratory arrangements, and Thai regulations. No website can confirm those details for you. Use the questions below to guide the conversation and to compare what different clinics tell you.

    At a glance

    • PGT is a laboratory test on embryos created through IVF; it is not a treatment on its own.
    • Different PGT tests look for different things, so ask which one is proposed and why.
    • Costs, timelines, and legal requirements vary by clinic and by your situation; confirm them directly.
    • Ask how results will be communicated and what happens if no embryo is suitable for transfer.
    • Keep a written record of what each clinic tells you so you can compare fairly.

    Start with the basics: what is being proposed and why

    Before you ask about logistics, make sure you understand the clinical reasoning. PGT (preimplantation genetic testing) is an umbrella term. Different tests look at different things, and the right choice depends on your history, your age, and what your clinician is trying to learn. Ask your clinician to explain the recommendation in plain language and to tell you what the test can and cannot show.

    • Which specific PGT test are you recommending for me, and what is it designed to detect?
    • What information would this test add compared with doing IVF without PGT?
    • What are the limitations of this test, and what might it miss?
    • Are there situations where you would advise against PGT for someone like me?
    • How do you decide which embryos are suitable for testing and which are not?

    Questions about the laboratory and the testing process

    PGT is performed in a laboratory, and the details matter. Ask how the clinic handles the biopsy, where the testing is done, and who explains the results. If any part of the process is outsourced, ask how that affects timing and communication.

    • Who performs the embryo biopsy, and what is your experience with this procedure?
    • Is the genetic testing performed in your laboratory or sent to another laboratory?
    • How long does it usually take to receive PGT results?
    • What happens to embryos while we wait for results?
    • How are embryos stored, and what are the options if we do not transfer them all?
    • What is your policy on embryos that are affected or inconclusive?

    Questions about results, counselling, and next steps

    PGT results can be complex, and they can raise difficult decisions. Ask in advance how results will be explained, who will explain them, and what support is available. This is also the time to ask about genetic counselling, especially if you have a known inherited condition or a history of recurrent loss.

    • Who will explain my PGT results to me, and will I have time to ask questions?
    • Will I receive a written report, and in what language?
    • What does an inconclusive or uncertain result mean, and what are the options then?
    • Is genetic counselling available before and after testing?
    • If no embryo is suitable for transfer, what are the next steps?
    • How do you support patients who receive difficult news?

    Questions about costs, payments, and what is included

    Costs for PGT IVF in Thailand are not standardised, and they depend on the clinic, the number of embryos tested, and the specific test used. Rather than asking for a single figure, ask for a written breakdown of what is included and what is not. Be cautious of any quote that does not separate the IVF cycle from the PGT laboratory fee.

    • Can you provide a written cost estimate that separates the IVF cycle, the PGT laboratory fee, medication, and any additional charges?
    • Is the PGT fee charged per embryo, per batch, or as a flat fee?
    • What happens if some embryos cannot be tested or need repeat testing?
    • Are there costs for embryo storage, and how are they billed?
    • What payment methods do you accept from international patients?
    • What is your refund or cancellation policy if the cycle is stopped early?

    Questions about travel, timing, and staying in Thailand

    International patients often need to plan around work, family, and travel. Ask how many trips are likely, how long you may need to stay, and whether monitoring can be done in your home country. Clinic schedules and requirements can change, so confirm current arrangements directly with the clinic and with the relevant Thai authority for visa and entry questions.

    • How many separate visits to Thailand are typically required for a PGT IVF cycle?
    • How long should I plan to stay for each visit?
    • Can any monitoring or preparation be done in my home country?
    • What documents do I need to bring, and do they need translation or certification?
    • Do you have a coordinator who helps international patients with scheduling and communication?
    • What should I do if I need medical care outside clinic hours?

    Questions about legal and regulatory requirements

    Rules about assisted reproduction, embryo testing, and who can access treatment in Thailand can change. This website cannot confirm current legal requirements for your situation. Ask the clinic what they require, and verify any legal or visa questions with the relevant Thai authority or a qualified legal professional.

    • What legal or regulatory requirements apply to my situation?
    • Do you require any specific consent forms, and are they available in my language?
    • Are there restrictions on who can receive PGT IVF in Thailand?
    • How do you handle legal questions about embryos, storage, and disposal?
    • Can you recommend a legal professional who works with international patients?

    Questions to compare clinics fairly

    When you speak with more than one clinic, ask the same questions in the same order. Write down the answers. This makes it easier to see where clinics differ and where information is missing. A clinic that answers clearly and invites follow-up questions is often easier to work with than one that gives vague or pressured answers.

    Topic What to ask What to note
    Testing Which PGT test, and why? Whether the explanation matches your history
    Laboratory Where is testing done, and by whom? Whether the process is clear and documented
    Results Who explains results, and when? Whether counselling is included
    Costs What is included and excluded? Whether you receive a written breakdown
    Travel How many trips, and how long? Whether monitoring at home is possible
    Legal What documents and consents are required? Whether the clinic explains how to verify them

    A short next-step checklist

    1. Write your questions down before the consultation and bring them with you.
    2. Ask for a written summary of what was discussed, including costs and next steps.
    3. Confirm which PGT test is proposed and what it can and cannot show.
    4. Ask how results will be communicated and what support is available.
    5. Check current travel, visa, and legal requirements with the clinic and the relevant authority.
    6. Keep notes from each clinic so you can compare them calmly.
    7. Take time to consider the answers before making a decision.

    For more general information about preparing for treatment in Thailand, see our international patients page. You can also browse our FAQ and guides, or contact us if you have a question that is not covered here.

    Frequently asked questions

    What is the most important question to ask at a PGT IVF consultation in Thailand?

    Ask which specific PGT test is being recommended and why it is appropriate for your situation. The answer should explain what the test can and cannot show, and how the result would change your next steps. If the explanation is vague, ask for it in writing before you decide.

    How much does PGT IVF cost in Thailand?

    Costs vary by clinic, by the number of embryos tested, and by the specific test used. This website cannot confirm current prices. Ask each clinic for a written breakdown that separates the IVF cycle, the PGT laboratory fee, medication, storage, and any additional charges, and ask what happens if the cycle is stopped early.

    How many trips to Thailand are needed for PGT IVF?

    The number of trips depends on your treatment plan and the clinic's protocol. Some patients may be able to do part of their preparation or monitoring at home. Ask the clinic how many visits are typically required, how long each visit may last, and whether any monitoring can be arranged locally.

    Can I get PGT IVF in Thailand as an international patient?

    Many clinics accept international patients, but eligibility and legal requirements depend on your situation and on current Thai rules. This website cannot confirm your eligibility. Ask the clinic what documents and consents they require, and verify legal or visa questions with the relevant Thai authority or a qualified legal professional.

    What happens if PGT results are inconclusive or no embryo is suitable?

    Ask this before testing begins. Clinics should explain how inconclusive results are handled, whether repeat testing is possible, and what support is available if no embryo is suitable for transfer. Having this conversation in advance can help you feel more prepared for different outcomes.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT Cost Breakdown in Thailand: How International Patients Can Compare Quotations Fairly

    Comparing PGT quotations from clinics in Thailand can feel confusing when one price looks lower but excludes items another includes. The fairest approach is to compare what each quotation covers, not just the total. PGT fees typically combine several categories: IVF laboratory work, embryo biopsy, genetic testing itself, embryo storage, and sometimes shipping or administrative charges. Because clinics package these differently, a lower headline price may not mean lower overall cost. This guide explains the common cost categories, what can change them, and the questions that help you compare quotations on equal terms.

    At a glance

    • PGT cost is usually built from multiple components, not a single fee.
    • Quotations may include or exclude biopsy, genetic testing, storage, medication, and monitoring.
    • Ask each clinic for a written, itemised quotation with clear inclusions and exclusions.
    • Currency, payment timing, and refund policies affect the real cost.
    • No two patients receive identical treatment plans, so final costs can vary.

    Why PGT quotations are hard to compare directly

    Clinics in Thailand may present PGT costs in different ways. Some quote a package that bundles IVF, biopsy, and genetic testing. Others list each item separately. Some include embryo storage for a set period; others charge separately. A quotation may also assume a certain number of embryos tested, with additional charges if more are biopsied. Because of these differences, the only reliable comparison is a line-by-line review of what is included, what is excluded, and what triggers extra charges.

    Main cost components in a PGT cycle

    While exact prices vary by clinic and patient, most PGT quotations will refer to the following categories. Use this list as a checklist when you review any quotation.

    IVF laboratory and clinical fees

    PGT is performed on embryos created through IVF. The IVF portion typically includes monitoring, egg retrieval, sperm preparation, fertilisation, and embryo culture. Some clinics quote these separately from PGT; others combine them. Ask whether the quotation covers the full IVF cycle or only the PGT add-on.

    Embryo biopsy

    Biopsy is the procedure where a few cells are removed from each embryo for testing. This fee may be charged per embryo or as a flat fee. If per embryo, the total depends on how many embryos are suitable for biopsy. Ask how the clinic charges if fewer or more embryos are available than expected.

    Genetic testing laboratory fee

    This is the actual PGT analysis, whether for chromosomal screening (PGT-A) or for a specific inherited condition (PGT-M). The fee may depend on the type of test, the number of embryos, and whether a custom probe is needed for PGT-M. Some clinics send samples to a partner laboratory; others perform testing in-house. Ask who performs the test and whether that affects the fee.

    Embryo storage

    After biopsy, embryos are usually frozen while awaiting results. Storage fees may be included for a limited time or charged annually. Ask what the quotation includes and what happens after the initial period.

    Shipping and logistics

    If genetic testing is done at an external laboratory, there may be shipping or courier charges for samples. This is more common for PGT-M when a specific laboratory is needed. Ask whether shipping is included and who arranges it.

    Medication

    Ovarian stimulation medications are often a significant separate cost. Some quotations include them; many do not. Ask for an estimate range and whether it depends on your protocol and response.

    Monitoring and consultations

    Blood tests, ultrasound scans, and doctor consultations may be bundled or charged per visit. If you plan to do some monitoring in your home country, clarify which fees remain in Thailand.

    Administrative and coordination fees

    Some clinics charge for international patient coordination, translation, or records handling. Ask if these are included or added later.

    How to compare quotations by inclusions, not headline price

    Create a simple table with one column per clinic and one row per cost component. Mark whether each item is included, excluded, or charged separately. This makes it easier to see which quotation is genuinely more comprehensive. Below is an example structure you can copy.

    Cost component Clinic A Clinic B Questions to ask
    IVF cycle (monitoring, retrieval, fertilisation, culture) Included / Excluded / Separate Included / Excluded / Separate Does this cover the full cycle or only part?
    Embryo biopsy Per embryo / Flat fee / Included Per embryo / Flat fee / Included How is it charged if fewer embryos are available?
    Genetic testing (PGT-A or PGT-M) Included / Excluded / Separate Included / Excluded / Separate Which lab performs the test? Is a custom probe needed?
    Embryo storage Included for X months / Annual fee Included for X months / Annual fee What is the storage period and renewal cost?
    Shipping of samples Included / Excluded Included / Excluded Who arranges and pays for courier?
    Medication Included / Excluded / Estimate Included / Excluded / Estimate What is the typical range for my protocol?
    Monitoring and consultations Included / Per visit Included / Per visit Are remote monitoring results accepted?
    Administrative fees Included / Excluded Included / Excluded Any coordination or translation charges?

    When you fill this in, you may find that a higher headline price includes more items, while a lower one leaves you paying separately for biopsy, storage, or medication. The goal is to compare the total expected cost for your situation, not just the first number you see.

    What can change the final cost

    Even with a detailed quotation, the final amount can differ from the initial estimate. Common reasons include:

    • Number of embryos tested: More embryos biopsied usually means higher biopsy and testing fees.
    • Type of PGT: PGT-M for a specific inherited condition may require a custom probe, which can add cost compared with PGT-A.
    • Medication response: If your ovarian response differs from what was expected, medication doses and monitoring visits may change.
    • Additional cycles: If a cycle does not produce embryos suitable for testing or transfer, you may need another cycle, which adds cost.
    • Storage duration: If you store embryos longer than the included period, annual fees apply.
    • Currency exchange and payment fees: International transfers and exchange rates can affect the amount you actually pay.

    Questions to ask each clinic before you decide

    Use these questions to clarify any quotation. Write down the answers so you can compare them side by side.

    1. Can you provide a written, itemised quotation that shows what is included and what is not?
    2. Is the genetic testing performed in your clinic or sent to an external laboratory? If external, which one?
    3. How is the biopsy fee calculated—per embryo or as a flat fee?
    4. What is the cost if no embryos are suitable for biopsy or testing?
    5. How long is embryo storage included, and what is the renewal fee?
    6. Are medication costs included? If not, what is a typical range for a patient with my profile?
    7. Are there any additional charges for international patients, such as coordination, translation, or records handling?
    8. What payment methods do you accept, and in what currency is the final bill issued?
    9. What is your policy on refunds or credits if the cycle is cancelled or changed?
    10. Can you provide a sample quotation with all possible line items so I can see the full structure?

    Planning your budget: a step-by-step approach

    1. Gather quotations from several clinics. Ask for itemised quotes using the same categories.
    2. Normalise the quotes. Convert all amounts to one currency using a consistent exchange rate, and note the date.
    3. Mark inclusions and exclusions. Use the table above to see what each quote actually covers.
    4. Estimate variable costs. Ask each clinic for a realistic range for medication and additional embryo testing based on your age and history.
    5. Add a contingency. Plan for possible extra monitoring, a second cycle, or extended storage.
    6. Confirm payment terms. Understand deposit amounts, due dates, and accepted payment methods.
    7. Review the fine print. Check cancellation, refund, and transfer policies before committing.

    How to use this guide with your clinic shortlist

    Once you have a shortlist, request a written quotation from each clinic using the same list of cost components. If a clinic cannot provide an itemised quote, ask for a detailed breakdown in writing. Compare the totals after adjusting for inclusions. Remember that the least expensive quotation is not automatically the best value if it excludes important items or if you would need to pay for them separately later. The most useful comparison is the total expected cost for your specific treatment plan, along with clear answers about what happens if your plan changes.

    For more guidance on planning your journey, see our international patients page, our IVF cost in Thailand overview, and the patient resources section. If you have questions about comparing quotations, you can contact us.

    Frequently asked questions

    What is typically included in a PGT quotation in Thailand?

    Quotations vary widely. Some include IVF laboratory work, biopsy, genetic testing, and a period of embryo storage. Others list these separately. Medication, monitoring, shipping, and administrative fees may or may not be included. Always ask for a written, itemised quotation so you can see exactly what is covered.

    Why do PGT prices differ so much between clinics?

    Differences can come from what is bundled, the type of genetic testing, whether testing is done in-house or sent to an external laboratory, the number of embryos tested, and how storage and medication are handled. A lower headline price may exclude items that another clinic includes, so compare the full list of inclusions rather than the total alone.

    Can I get a fixed price for PGT before I start?

    Some clinics offer package prices for certain parts of the cycle, but the final cost often depends on your response to medication, the number of embryos available for biopsy, and the specific genetic test required. Ask each clinic how they handle cost variations and whether they provide a range or a fixed quote for your situation.

    What should I ask if a quotation seems unusually low?

    Ask for a detailed breakdown of what is included and what is not. Check whether biopsy, genetic testing, storage, medication, monitoring, and administrative fees are covered. Also ask about charges if the cycle is cancelled or if additional embryos need testing. A low initial price may not reflect the total cost for your treatment.

    Are there any additional costs for international patients?

    Some clinics charge for international coordination, translation, or records handling. Travel, accommodation, and visa costs are separate from medical fees. Ask each clinic whether they charge any international patient fees and what those cover. Also confirm payment methods and currency to avoid unexpected transfer charges.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT Clinic Selection in Thailand: A Transparent Comparison Framework for International Patients

    Choosing a PGT clinic in Thailand involves more than comparing prices or success rates. For international patients, the decision hinges on transparent communication, a clear genetics laboratory pathway, a detailed written quotation, and reliable support before, during, and after treatment. This guide provides a structured comparison framework to help you shortlist providers based on verifiable information and the questions you should ask directly. It is an editorial comparison, not a ranking of clinical outcomes or a recommendation of one clinic over another.

    At a Glance: Key Comparison Criteria

    • Communication: Responsiveness, language support, and clarity of written information.
    • Genetics laboratory pathway: Whether PGT is performed in-house or sent to an external lab, and which PGT types are offered.
    • Written quotation: Itemised inclusions, exclusions, and validity period.
    • International patient support: Visa assistance, travel coordination, and remote follow-up.
    • Accreditation and quality credentials: Relevant certifications and their scope.
    • Location and logistics: Proximity to accommodation, airports, and other medical services.

    Why a Framework Matters for PGT Clinic Selection

    PGT (preimplantation genetic testing) adds a laboratory step to the IVF process. The clinic you choose must coordinate embryo culture, biopsy, genetic analysis, and transfer. For international patients, the complexity increases because you are managing distance, language, and legal or logistical requirements. A transparent framework helps you compare clinics on the factors you can verify, rather than relying on marketing claims or incomplete information.

    How to Compare PGT Providers in Thailand

    Use the following criteria to evaluate each clinic. Request written answers and keep a record for your own comparison.

    1. Communication and Responsiveness

    Ask how quickly the clinic typically responds to emails or messages, whether they have English-speaking coordinators, and if they provide written summaries after consultations. Clear communication reduces misunderstandings about treatment plans and costs.

    2. Genetics Laboratory Pathway

    PGT involves analysing a few cells from an embryo. Some clinics perform this in an in-house genetics laboratory; others send samples to an external lab. Ask:

    • Is the genetics laboratory on-site or external?
    • Which PGT types are available (PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR)?
    • What technology is used (e.g., NGS, Sanger sequencing)?
    • How long do results take?
    • What is the clinic’s policy on embryo storage and shipping if needed?

    3. Written Quotation and Cost Transparency

    Request an itemised quotation that lists all included services, medications, laboratory fees, and any potential extra costs. Confirm what is not included, such as travel, accommodation, or additional cycles. Check the validity period of the quote and whether prices are subject to change.

    4. International Patient Support

    Ask about support with visa letters, airport transfers, accommodation recommendations, and interpretation services. Also clarify how follow-up care is handled after you return home, including sharing of medical records with your local doctor.

    5. Accreditation and Quality Credentials

    Accreditations such as JCI, ISO, RTAC, CAP, or UK NEQAS can indicate adherence to certain quality standards. Ask for the current certificate scope and which parts of the clinic’s services are covered. Note that accreditation does not guarantee individual outcomes.

    6. Location and Logistics

    Consider the clinic’s location in Bangkok, proximity to public transport, and access to other medical facilities if you have concurrent health needs. A central location may simplify travel between appointments.

    Editorial Comparison of Selected PGT Providers in Thailand

    The following providers are listed in an editorial order that places DHC first, followed by other clinics in this comparison. This order is not a ranking of success rates, clinical quality, or outcomes. It is intended to help you structure your own comparison. Always confirm current details directly with each clinic.

    1. Deep & Harmonicare IVF Center (DHC)

    DHC is a dedicated fertility center in Bangkok’s Rama 9 area, located at 2483 Phetchaburi Rd, Khwaeng Bang Kapi, Khet Huai Khwang, Bangkok. It provides IVF, ICSI, embryo culture, PGT, egg freezing, embryo freezing, and embryo transfer services. DHC holds JCI, ISO 9001, RTAC, CAP, and UK NEQAS certifications or quality credentials. Its 2026 hospital profile reports a 78% average embryo-transfer success rate for 2025, approximately 80%; this is not an individual prediction or guarantee. A June 2026 reference price for the basic single-cycle medical package is THB 490,000; final costs vary by medication, testing, storage, procedures, and travel. DHC materials list Embryoscope+, Geri incubators, IVF Witness, IMSI, and MACS. Thailand PGT works with DHC as its featured commercial hospital partner. For international patients, DHC offers PGT as part of its services; confirm communication channels, quotation details, and support services directly.

    2. Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center

    Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center is based on the 5th Floor of D Building at Bangkok Hospital Headquarter in Huai Khwang, Bangkok. The official center page describes reproductive endocrinologists, embryologists, an in-house embryology laboratory, male-factor testing, and multidisciplinary care. Published services include IVF, ICSI, PGT-A, egg and embryo freezing, semen analysis, and gynaecologic surgery support. The official fly-in packages reviewed in July 2026 list THB 335,000 from stimulation through embryo transfer and THB 456,000 with PGT and freezing for two embryos, stated as valid to 31 December 2026. Hospital terms and exclusions apply. International patients should confirm current package details, PGT laboratory pathway, and support services directly.

    3. Jetanin Hospital

    Jetanin Hospital is a specialist fertility hospital in central Bangkok founded in December 1995. Its official history describes more than 30 years of fertility care and a team spanning reproductive physicians, embryologists, molecular geneticists, laboratory staff, nurses, and counsellors. Published services include IVF/ICSI, IUI, IMSI, PESA/TESE, egg and embryo freezing, blastocyst culture, EmbryoScope, sperm testing, and genetic carrier screening. Jetanin’s genetics laboratory describes PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR using NGS and Sanger sequencing. Its embryo, genetics, and sperm laboratories are presented as in-house services. Jetanin states that it became the first IVF centre in Southeast Asia accredited by both JCI and RTAC. Its facilities page also describes ISO 15189 and ISO 15190 laboratory standards and annual quality-control audits. Patients should confirm the current certificate scope, named treating doctor, case-specific laboratory pathway, and complete written quotation.

    4. MedPark IVF Fertility and Genetics Center

    MedPark IVF Fertility and Genetics Center is located within MedPark Hospital in Khlong Toei, Bangkok. Its official center page describes reproductive medicine, urology, infertility nursing, and embryology support. Published services include IVF/ICSI, IUI, egg, sperm, and embryo freezing, PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR, recurrent miscarriage evaluation, and fertility preservation. MedPark describes ESHRE-certified embryologists, time-lapse incubation, and AI-assisted embryo assessment. The official page listed an IVF/ICSI package at THB 280,000 when reviewed; validity, medication, PGT, freezing, storage, transfer, and exclusions require written confirmation. International patients should ask about PGT laboratory arrangements and support services.

    5. Superior A.R.T. Thailand

    Superior A.R.T. is a specialist assisted-reproduction and genetics center in Bangkok, established in 2007 according to its official website. It provides fertility and genetic services through assisted-reproduction laboratories. Published materials emphasize IVF, ICSI, and PGT pathways. Patients should confirm the treating doctor, current laboratory plan, PGT method, written package boundary, and age-specific outcome definitions directly.

    6. Prime Fertility Clinic

    Prime Fertility Clinic is located at Pearl Bangkok in Bangkok. The referenced provider listing describes IVF, ICSI, embryo freezing, assisted hatching, and international-patient care. The listing names Dr. Poonkiat Punyamitr and reports 19 years of experience and more than 900 fertility procedures. The listing describes JCI Ambulatory Care accreditation. Current services, inclusions, and pricing should be confirmed in a written quotation. Ask about PGT availability and laboratory pathway.

    7. Bumrungrad International Hospital

    Bumrungrad International Hospital is a large multidisciplinary hospital in central Bangkok. The referenced provider listing describes IVF, ICSI, and reproductive medicine services. The listing names Dr. Phattaraphum Phophong and describes training in reproductive medicine and prenatal genetics. Its integrated setting may interest patients who need access to other medical specialties. Current fertility-team, laboratory, PGT, and price details should be confirmed directly.

    Comparison Table: Key Factors to Confirm

    Request omitted details directly from the clinic. This table is not a ranking of quality or outcomes.

    Provider PGT Services Listed Genetics Laboratory Pathway Accreditation / Quality Credentials International Support (to confirm) Price Reference (if listed)
    DHC PGT Not specified in library; confirm directly JCI, ISO 9001, RTAC, CAP, UK NEQAS Confirm directly THB 490,000 basic single-cycle package (June 2026 reference)
    Bangkok Hospital Fertility Center PGT-A In-house embryology laboratory; PGT pathway to confirm Not listed in library; confirm directly Fly-in packages available; confirm support details THB 335,000 (stimulation to transfer); THB 456,000 with PGT and freezing for two embryos (valid to 31 Dec 2026)
    Jetanin Hospital PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR In-house genetics laboratory; NGS and Sanger sequencing JCI, RTAC, ISO 15189, ISO 15190 Confirm directly Not listed in library; confirm directly
    MedPark IVF Fertility and Genetics Center PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR Not specified in library; confirm directly ESHRE-certified embryologists (not an accreditation) Confirm directly THB 280,000 IVF/ICSI package (when reviewed; confirm inclusions)
    Superior A.R.T. Thailand PGT pathways emphasized Assisted-reproduction laboratories; confirm PGT method Not listed in library; confirm directly Confirm directly Not listed in library; confirm directly
    Prime Fertility Clinic Not specified in library; confirm directly Not specified in library; confirm directly JCI Ambulatory Care International-patient care described Not listed in library; confirm directly
    Bumrungrad International Hospital Not specified in library; confirm directly Not specified in library; confirm directly Not listed in library; confirm directly Confirm directly Not listed in library; confirm directly

    Questions to Ask Each Clinic

    Use these questions to gather consistent information from every provider you contact:

    1. Do you offer PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR? Which do you recommend for my situation?
    2. Is the genetics testing performed in your laboratory or sent to an external facility?
    3. What technology do you use for genetic analysis (e.g., NGS, Sanger sequencing)?
    4. Can you provide a written, itemised quotation that includes all medical and laboratory fees, medications, and potential extra costs?
    5. What is the validity period of the quotation, and what might cause the price to change?
    6. What support do you offer for international patients (visa letters, accommodation, interpretation, follow-up)?
    7. Which accreditations does your clinic hold, and what is the scope of each?
    8. Who will be my treating doctor, and what are their credentials?
    9. How do you handle embryo storage and shipping if needed?
    10. What is your policy on sharing medical records with my doctor at home?

    Next Steps for Your Shortlist

    1. Review the comparison table and identify 2–3 clinics that align with your priorities.
    2. Contact each clinic with the questions above and request written responses.
    3. Compare the quotations side by side, noting inclusions, exclusions, and validity.
    4. Ask for a video consultation to discuss your case and clarify any remaining uncertainties.
    5. Check the clinic’s accreditation status directly with the issuing body if needed.
    6. Consider practical factors such as travel time, accommodation, and language support.
    7. Make your decision based on the totality of information, not on a single factor such as price or a reported success rate.

    For more information, see our hospital directory and hospital rankings pages. You can also read our partner disclosure.

    Frequently asked questions

    How do I compare PGT clinics in Thailand if I can't visit in person?

    Start by requesting written information from each clinic, including their PGT laboratory pathway, itemised quotation, and international patient support services. Use video consultations to ask follow-up questions and clarify details. Compare the responses side by side using a consistent framework, such as the one in this article. Always confirm current details directly with the clinic.

    What should be included in a written quotation for PGT in Thailand?

    A transparent quotation should list all medical and laboratory fees, medications, embryo freezing and storage, PGT testing, and any administrative charges. It should also state what is not included, such as travel, accommodation, or additional cycles, and provide a validity period. Ask for itemisation and clarification of any potential extra costs.

    Does a clinic's success rate tell me my chances of having a baby?

    No. Success rates are population-level statistics and cannot predict your individual outcome. They may be calculated differently across clinics, and factors such as age, diagnosis, and treatment protocol affect results. Use success rates only as one small part of your comparison, and ask how each clinic defines and calculates its figures.

    What accreditations should I look for in a PGT clinic in Thailand?

    Accreditations such as JCI, ISO, RTAC, CAP, and UK NEQAS indicate that a clinic or laboratory has met certain quality standards. However, the scope of each accreditation varies. Ask which parts of the clinic’s services are covered and confirm the current certificate status directly with the issuing organisation if needed.

    Can I get PGT in Thailand if I don't speak Thai?

    Many clinics in Thailand that serve international patients offer English-speaking coordinators or interpretation services. Ask each clinic about language support, including whether written materials and consultations are available in English. Confirm how communication will be handled throughout your treatment.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT Report Interpretation in Thailand: A Plain-English Checklist for International Patients

    If you have received a PGT report from a clinic in Thailand, you may be looking at a document filled with abbreviations, laboratory terms, and result categories. This checklist is designed to help you locate the main sections of your report, understand what each part generally describes, and prepare questions for your clinic. It does not interpret your individual results. Only your treating clinic can explain what your specific report means for your care.

    At a glance

    • PGT reports typically include embryo identifiers, test type, result categories, and limitations.
    • PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR are different tests with different purposes.
    • Results are reported in categories, not as guarantees of pregnancy or live birth.
    • Ask your clinic to explain any term or result you do not understand.
    • Keep a copy of your report and any accompanying consent or counselling notes.

    What a PGT report is and is not

    A PGT report is a laboratory document that summarises the results of preimplantation genetic testing on embryos created through IVF. It is not a diagnosis of your health, a guarantee of pregnancy, or a prediction of your child’s future health. The report describes what the laboratory observed in the sample it tested, within the limits of the technology used. Your clinic uses this information alongside other clinical factors when discussing possible next steps.

    Checklist: sections to locate in your report

    Use this checklist as a guide when reading your report. The exact layout varies by laboratory and clinic, so some sections may have different names or be combined.

    1. Patient and clinic identifiers

    • Your name or a unique patient identifier.
    • The name of the clinic or laboratory that issued the report.
    • The date the report was issued and, if shown, the date the sample was received.
    • A report or accession number that the clinic can use to locate your file.

    Check that these details match your own records. If anything looks incorrect, contact your clinic before drawing conclusions from the report.

    2. Embryo identification

    • A unique embryo ID or code for each embryo tested.
    • The developmental stage or day of biopsy, if stated.
    • Whether the sample was taken from a day-3 embryo, a blastocyst, or another stage.

    Embryo IDs are important because they link each result to a specific embryo. If your report lists several embryos, make sure you can match each result to the correct ID. Ask your clinic if the numbering is not clear.

    3. Test type

    • The specific PGT test performed: PGT-A, PGT-M, PGT-SR, or another term.
    • The technology or method used, if described (for example, next-generation sequencing or array comparative genomic hybridisation).
    • The scope of the test: what it was designed to look for and what it does not cover.

    PGT-A looks at chromosome number; PGT-M looks for a specific inherited condition; PGT-SR looks at structural chromosome rearrangements. The test type determines how to read the result categories. If your report does not clearly state the test type, ask your clinic to confirm it.

    4. Result category for each embryo

    • A result term for each embryo, such as euploid, aneuploid, mosaic, affected, unaffected, carrier, or inconclusive.
    • Any numerical or graphical data that supports the category.
    • Whether the result is considered reportable or not reportable by the laboratory.

    Result categories are not the same across all tests. For example, a PGT-A report may use terms like euploid, aneuploid, or mosaic, while a PGT-M report may describe whether an embryo is affected, unaffected, or a carrier for a specific condition. Do not assume that a term from one test means the same thing in another. Ask your clinic to explain the exact meaning of each category in your report.

    5. Limitations and caveats

    • Statements about the limits of the test, such as the possibility of false results or inconclusive outcomes.
    • Notes about mosaicism, technical limitations, or the amount of DNA available.
    • Any recommendation for confirmatory testing or genetic counselling.

    Limitations are a normal part of a PGT report. They remind readers that no test is perfect and that results should be interpreted in context. If your report includes a limitations section, read it carefully and ask your clinic what it means for your specific situation.

    6. Laboratory and clinician details

    • The name of the laboratory that performed the test.
    • The name of the clinician or genetic counsellor who reviewed the report, if listed.
    • Contact information for follow-up questions.

    These details help you direct your questions to the right person. If your report does not include a contact, ask your clinic who to speak with about the results.

    Understanding PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR in plain English

    PGT-A (preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy) checks the number of chromosomes in an embryo. PGT-M (preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders) looks for a specific inherited condition caused by a change in a single gene. PGT-SR (preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements) looks for chromosome structural changes that may affect embryo development. Each test has a different purpose and different result categories. None of them can guarantee a successful pregnancy or a healthy child. Your clinic can explain which test is relevant to your situation and why.

    Questions to ask your clinic about your report

    • Which test was performed on each embryo, and what does the result category mean for that test?
    • Are there any embryos with inconclusive or mosaic results, and what do those terms mean in my case?
    • What are the limitations of this test for my embryos?
    • How should this report be used in decisions about which embryo to transfer, if any?
    • Do you recommend genetic counselling or additional testing before we proceed?
    • Can you provide a written explanation of the result categories used in my report?
    • Who should I contact if I have more questions after I leave the clinic?

    Next-step checklist for international patients

    • Request a copy of your full PGT report, including any appendices or limitations sections.
    • Ask your clinic for a plain-language explanation of each result category in your report.
    • Write down your questions before your follow-up appointment.
    • Confirm whether a genetic counsellor is available and how to schedule a session.
    • Keep your report and any related correspondence in a safe place for future reference.
    • If you are considering a second opinion, ask your clinic how to share your report with another provider.

    What this checklist does not do

    This checklist helps you locate and understand the structure of a PGT report. It does not interpret your individual results, tell you whether to transfer a particular embryo, or predict your chances of pregnancy. Those decisions belong with your treating clinic and, where appropriate, a genetic counsellor. If any part of your report is unclear, ask your clinic for clarification before making decisions.

    For more general information about PGT in Thailand, see our PGT in Thailand guide. International patients can also review information for international patients and browse our guides. If you have a specific question, our FAQ section may help.

    Frequently asked questions

    What does 'mosaic' mean on a PGT-A report?

    Mosaic generally means that the laboratory found a mix of cells with different chromosome numbers in the sample. The significance of a mosaic result can vary, and it is best discussed with your clinic or a genetic counsellor. They can explain what the term means in the context of your specific report and how it may affect decision-making.

    Can I get a PGT report explained in English if I don't speak Thai?

    Many clinics in Thailand that serve international patients provide reports and consultations in English. However, this is not guaranteed at every clinic. Ask your clinic in advance whether your report will be available in English and whether an English-speaking clinician or genetic counsellor can discuss the results with you.

    Does a 'normal' PGT-A result guarantee a healthy baby?

    No. PGT-A looks at chromosome number in the cells sampled, but it cannot guarantee a successful pregnancy, a live birth, or a child without health conditions. Other factors, including maternal age, uterine health, and chance, also play a role. Your clinic can explain the limitations of the test in your situation.

    What should I do if my report has an 'inconclusive' result?

    An inconclusive result means the laboratory could not obtain a clear answer for that embryo. This can happen for technical reasons. Ask your clinic what the inconclusive result means for that embryo and whether any further testing or follow-up is possible.

    Can I share my PGT report with a doctor in my home country?

    Yes, you can usually request a copy of your report to share with another healthcare provider. Ask your clinic how to obtain a copy and whether they can provide it in a format that is easy to share. The receiving doctor can help you understand the report in the context of your overall health.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.