Thailand PGT CMS

标签： genetic testing

  • Is PGT Worth It in Thailand? A Cautious Guide for International Patients

    Whether PGT is worth it in Thailand depends on your reasons for testing, your medical history, and what you would do with the result. PGT can give extra information about embryos before transfer, but it does not guarantee pregnancy, a healthy baby, or a specific outcome. It also adds cost, waiting time, and uncertainty. For some patients, that information helps guide decisions; for others, it may not change the plan enough to justify the extra steps. The best way to decide is to discuss your individual situation with a qualified fertility clinic and weigh benefits against limits.

    At a glance

    • PGT is a laboratory add-on to IVF, not a treatment that improves embryo quality.
    • It can provide information about chromosome number or specific gene variants, depending on the test.
    • It cannot guarantee implantation, live birth, or a child without a health condition.
    • Worth depends on your age, history, prior IVF outcomes, and what you would do differently based on results.
    • Costs, legal rules, and clinic-specific practices vary and should be confirmed directly.

    What PGT can and cannot tell you

    Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) involves taking a few cells from an embryo during IVF and analyzing them. There are different types: PGT-A looks at chromosome number, PGT-M looks for a specific inherited condition, and PGT-SR looks at structural chromosome rearrangements. Each has a different purpose and different limits.

    PGT can sometimes identify embryos with an abnormal number of chromosomes or with a known gene variant. However, it cannot detect every possible genetic or health issue. It also cannot tell you whether an embryo will implant, whether a pregnancy will continue, or what a child’s future health will be. Some embryos with abnormal results can sometimes develop into healthy babies, and some with normal results may not implant. This is why PGT results are one piece of information, not a definitive answer.

    Who might consider PGT with IVF

    PGT is not routinely recommended for everyone. It may be discussed in situations such as:

    • A known risk of passing on a specific inherited condition.
    • A history of recurrent pregnancy loss or repeated IVF failure.
    • Advanced maternal age, where chromosome abnormalities in embryos are more common.
    • A previous pregnancy or child with a chromosome condition.
    • Structural chromosome rearrangements in one or both partners.

    Even in these situations, whether PGT is worthwhile depends on individual factors. A clinic can help you understand the potential benefits and limits for your case. PGT is not a substitute for a full fertility evaluation or for other treatments.

    Benefits and limits of PGT

    Potential benefits include:

    • More information when choosing which embryo(s) to transfer.
    • Possibly reducing the chance of transferring an embryo with a specific chromosome or gene issue.
    • Helping some patients avoid uncertain outcomes or make informed decisions about their embryos.

    Potential limits include:

    • No guarantee of pregnancy or a healthy child.
    • Risk of false results or inconclusive results.
    • Embryo biopsy is an extra step that may not be suitable for all embryos.
    • Additional cost and waiting time for results.
    • Some embryos may be discarded or not transferred based on results, which can be an emotional decision.
    • Not all clinics offer the same tests or have the same laboratory experience.

    PGT in Thailand: what to confirm

    Thailand has many fertility clinics, and practices can vary. If you are considering PGT in Thailand, ask the clinic directly about:

    • Which PGT tests they offer and what each test can and cannot detect.
    • Their laboratory’s experience with embryo biopsy and genetic analysis.
    • How they report results and what support they provide for decision-making.
    • What happens to embryos that are not transferred.
    • Total costs, including IVF, biopsy, genetic testing, and any additional fees.
    • Legal or regulatory requirements for international patients, including any documents needed.
    • How they handle travel timing and communication if you are not based in Thailand.

    Because rules and costs can change, confirm details with the clinic and, where relevant, with official authorities. Do not rely on general information alone.

    Questions to ask a clinic before deciding

    1. Based on my history, what is the chance that PGT would change my treatment plan?
    2. What are the specific benefits and limits of PGT for my situation?
    3. What are the risks of embryo biopsy and the chance of inconclusive results?
    4. How do you handle embryos with abnormal results?
    5. What are all the costs involved, and are there any additional fees?
    6. What documents or legal steps do I need as an international patient?
    7. What support do you offer for emotional and ethical concerns?

    Next steps

    If you are weighing PGT in Thailand, start by clarifying your goals. Ask yourself what you would do differently if PGT showed a certain result. If the answer is not clear, it may help to speak with a genetic counselor or fertility specialist before committing. Gather information from clinics, compare their answers, and take time to decide. You can also read more about PGT in Thailand, browse our FAQ, explore guides, or contact us for general guidance.

    Frequently asked questions

    Does PGT improve the chance of a healthy baby?

    PGT can provide information about embryos, but it does not guarantee a healthy baby. It may help some patients avoid transferring embryos with specific chromosome or gene issues, but it cannot detect all conditions or ensure a successful pregnancy. The overall effect on live birth rates is debated and depends on individual factors.

    Is PGT recommended for all IVF patients in Thailand?

    No. PGT is not routinely recommended for everyone. It is usually discussed when there is a specific reason, such as a known inherited condition, recurrent pregnancy loss, or advanced maternal age. Your clinic can help you decide if it is appropriate for your situation.

    What are the main downsides of PGT?

    PGT adds cost and waiting time, and it may produce inconclusive results. It also involves embryo biopsy, which carries some risk. Some patients find the decisions about abnormal embryos emotionally difficult. PGT does not guarantee pregnancy or a healthy child.

    How much does PGT cost in Thailand?

    Costs vary widely depending on the clinic, the type of PGT, and the number of embryos tested. We do not provide specific prices because they change and depend on your situation. Ask clinics for a full cost breakdown, including IVF, biopsy, testing, and any additional fees.

    Can I do PGT in Thailand as an international patient?

    Many clinics in Thailand accept international patients, but legal and regulatory requirements can change. You should confirm directly with the clinic and relevant authorities what documents or steps are needed. Do not rely on general information alone.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • How to Read Your PGT-A Results After IVF in Thailand: A Patient Guide

    PGT-A (preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy) is a laboratory test that checks embryos created through IVF for extra or missing chromosomes. Your report will usually classify each embryo as euploid, aneuploid, mosaic, or inconclusive. These labels describe the chromosome result of the small sample tested — they do not guarantee that an embryo will implant, that a pregnancy will continue, or that a child will be healthy. This guide explains how to read the report, what mosaicism means, and how to prepare for genetic counselling in Thailand.

    At a glance

    • PGT-A looks at chromosome number, not at individual genes or overall embryo quality.
    • Euploid means the sample showed the expected number of chromosomes; aneuploid means it did not.
    • Mosaic means the result was mixed — some cells appeared normal and some did not.
    • Reports vary between laboratories, so ask your clinic to walk you through your own document.
    • Genetic counselling helps you weigh the result against your age, history and priorities.

    What PGT-A actually tests

    During IVF, an embryologist removes a few cells from an embryo, usually at the blastocyst stage. The laboratory then examines the DNA in those cells to estimate whether the embryo has the usual number of chromosomes — 46 in humans, arranged in 23 pairs.

    PGT-A is different from PGT-M (which looks for a specific inherited condition) and PGT-SR (which looks at structural chromosome rearrangements). A PGT-A report will not tell you about single-gene disorders, and it will not tell you how an embryo looks under the microscope. It is one piece of information among several.

    The main result categories

    Report term What it generally means What it does not mean
    Euploid The tested sample showed the expected number of chromosomes. It does not guarantee implantation, ongoing pregnancy or a healthy baby.
    Aneuploid The tested sample showed an extra or missing chromosome. It does not describe every cell in the embryo with certainty.
    Mosaic The sample contained a mix of cells with different chromosome patterns. It does not automatically mean the embryo should be discarded.
    Inconclusive / no result The laboratory could not produce a clear reading. It does not mean the embryo is abnormal.

    Some laboratories use additional wording, such as low-level or high-level mosaicism, or specify which chromosome was affected. Ask your clinic to explain the exact terms used in your report.

    Euploid vs aneuploid: what the difference means for you

    An euploid result is generally the outcome patients hope for, because it suggests the embryo has the expected chromosome number. However, euploid embryos can still fail to implant or lead to miscarriage for reasons unrelated to chromosome number. PGT-A cannot detect every possible genetic issue.

    An aneuploid result suggests the embryo has an abnormal chromosome number. Many clinics will not recommend transferring these embryos because of the higher chance of implantation failure or miscarriage. Some aneuploid results are linked to specific chromosomes, and your clinic may explain whether the finding is considered full or partial.

    It is important to remember that PGT-A is a screening test, not a diagnostic test. A small number of cells may not represent the whole embryo, and laboratories differ in how they report and interpret their findings.

    Mosaic embryo transfer in Thailand: what to consider

    A mosaic result means the laboratory found a mixture of cells — some with the expected chromosome number and some without. Mosaicism is relatively common in IVF embryos, and its implications are not always clear.

    Some clinics may offer the option of transferring a mosaic embryo after counselling, while others may not. There is no single rule that applies to every case. Factors that may be discussed include:

    • The proportion of abnormal cells reported (often described as a percentage).
    • Which chromosome is involved.
    • Whether the mosaic finding is described as low-level or high-level.
    • Your own reproductive history and priorities.
    • Whether other euploid embryos are available.

    If you are considering mosaic embryo transfer in Thailand, ask your clinic about their experience, their counselling process, and what follow-up they recommend. Be cautious of any provider who promises a specific outcome.

    Reading a PGT-A report: a practical checklist

    Reports from different laboratories can look quite different. When you receive yours, look for these elements:

    1. Patient and sample identifiers. Confirm your name, date of birth and the embryo identifiers match your records.
    2. Embryo list. Each embryo should have a unique code or number.
    3. Result per embryo. Look for terms such as euploid, aneuploid, mosaic or inconclusive.
    4. Chromosome details. If aneuploid or mosaic, the report may name the chromosome(s) involved.
    5. Mosaic percentage. Some reports include an estimate of the proportion of abnormal cells.
    6. Method and limitations. There may be a note about the technology used and its detection limits.
    7. Laboratory contact. A name or department you can ask for clarification.

    If any part of the report is unclear, ask your clinic for a written explanation or a call with a genetic counsellor. Do not rely on internet forums to interpret your specific result.

    Genetic counselling after PGT: what to expect

    Genetic counselling is a conversation with a trained professional who can help you understand your results and make decisions that fit your values. In Thailand, availability may vary by clinic, and some clinics work with external counsellors.

    During a counselling session, you can expect to discuss:

    • What your PGT-A result means in plain language.
    • The difference between euploid, aneuploid and mosaic results.
    • The limits of PGT-A and what it cannot tell you.
    • Possible next steps, including transfer, further testing or another IVF cycle.
    • Emotional and practical considerations.

    It is reasonable to ask for an interpreter if you do not speak Thai, and to request that key points be put in writing.

    Questions to ask your clinic

    • Which laboratory performed the PGT-A, and what technology did they use?
    • How does your clinic define and report mosaicism?
    • What is the policy on transferring mosaic embryos?
    • Can I speak with a genetic counsellor before making a decision?
    • What are the possible reasons for an inconclusive result?
    • If we transfer an embryo, what follow-up testing do you recommend?
    • Are there additional costs for counselling or further tests?

    Limits and uncertainties

    PGT-A is a screening tool. It cannot guarantee a successful pregnancy or a healthy child. Some embryos with normal PGT-A results may still have genetic issues that the test does not detect, and some embryos with abnormal results may occasionally develop normally — this is one reason mosaicism is debated.

    Laws and clinic policies about PGT-A, embryo transfer and genetic counselling can change. Always confirm current requirements with your treating clinic and, where relevant, with the appropriate authorities in Thailand.

    Next steps

    1. Request a copy of your full PGT-A report if you do not already have it.
    2. Write down your questions before your next appointment.
    3. Ask for a genetic counselling session or a detailed explanation from your clinic.
    4. Take time to consider your options; there is rarely a need to decide immediately.
    5. Seek a second opinion if you feel uncertain.

    For more context on PGT in Thailand, see our PGT in Thailand guide, browse other patient guides, or check our FAQ.

    Frequently asked questions

    What does a mosaic result on a PGT-A report mean?

    A mosaic result means the laboratory found a mixture of cells in the sample — some with the expected number of chromosomes and some without. Mosaicism is relatively common in IVF embryos. The implications depend on factors such as the proportion of abnormal cells and which chromosome is involved. Your clinic or a genetic counsellor can help you understand what it might mean for your situation.

    Can a euploid embryo still fail to implant?

    Yes. A euploid result means the tested sample showed the expected number of chromosomes, but it does not guarantee that the embryo will implant or lead to a live birth. Many factors affect implantation, including embryo quality, uterine environment and maternal age. PGT-A cannot detect every possible genetic or developmental issue.

    Is PGT-A the same as PGT-M or PGT-SR?

    No. PGT-A looks at chromosome number across the embryo's chromosomes. PGT-M looks for a specific inherited condition, and PGT-SR looks at structural chromosome rearrangements. Your clinic can explain which test is relevant to your situation.

    Should I transfer an aneuploid embryo?

    Most clinics do not recommend transferring embryos reported as aneuploid because of the higher chance of implantation failure or miscarriage. However, decisions are individual. Discuss the specific chromosome finding and your options with your treating clinic and, if available, a genetic counsellor.

    How do I find a genetic counsellor in Thailand?

    Availability of genetic counselling varies by clinic. Ask your treating clinic whether they have a counsellor on staff or can refer you to one. If you do not speak Thai, request an interpreter and ask for key points in writing.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT-SR for Chromosomal Rearrangements in Thailand: A Guide for International Patients

    PGT-SR (preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements) is a targeted form of embryo testing for people who carry a known structural chromosome rearrangement, such as a balanced translocation, or who have a history of recurrent pregnancy loss linked to such a rearrangement. It looks at the specific chromosomes involved in that rearrangement rather than screening the whole genome broadly. It is not a guarantee of pregnancy, and it is not the right test for everyone. Whether it is appropriate depends on your own genetic findings, your history and your clinic’s assessment.

    At a glance

    • What it is: embryo testing aimed at a rearrangement that has already been identified in a parent.
    • Who it may be relevant for: confirmed carriers of a balanced translocation or similar structural rearrangement, sometimes alongside recurrent miscarriage.
    • How it differs: PGT-A screens for chromosome number across the genome; PGT-M targets a single-gene condition; PGT-SR targets a known structural rearrangement.
    • What it cannot do: it cannot guarantee a healthy pregnancy, a live birth or a healthy child, and it does not replace diagnostic testing in pregnancy.
    • What to confirm: whether your specific rearrangement is testable, how the lab validates the test, costs, timelines and what happens to embryos with unclear results.

    What PGT-SR actually tests for

    Chromosomes normally come in pairs. In a balanced structural rearrangement, chromosome material is rearranged but no significant amount is gained or lost. The person carrying it is usually healthy, but the rearrangement can affect how chromosomes separate during egg or sperm formation. That can lead to embryos with extra or missing chromosome material, which may fail to implant, end in miscarriage, or in some cases lead to a child with health or developmental concerns.

    PGT-SR is designed to examine the chromosomes involved in that known rearrangement in embryos created through IVF. The goal is to identify embryos that have not inherited an unbalanced form of the rearrangement, so that those embryos can be considered for transfer. It is a selection tool, not a treatment for the rearrangement itself.

    PGT-SR compared with PGT-A and PGT-M

    These three tests are often mentioned together, but they answer different questions. The right choice depends on the indication, which is why a genetic consultation usually comes before a testing decision.

    Test Main indication What it looks at Typical limitation
    PGT-A Screening for chromosome number in embryos, often related to maternal age or repeated IVF failure Chromosome number across the genome Does not target a specific familial rearrangement or a single-gene condition
    PGT-M A known single-gene (monogenic) condition in the family The specific gene and mutation Requires a validated, condition-specific test
    PGT-SR A confirmed structural rearrangement such as a balanced translocation The chromosomes involved in that rearrangement Needs prior confirmation of the rearrangement and lab validation

    In some situations a clinic may discuss combining tests, for example PGT-SR with PGT-A, or PGT-M with PGT-A. Whether that is useful, and how the results are interpreted together, is a clinical and laboratory decision rather than a standard package.

    Who might consider PGT-SR

    PGT-SR is usually discussed when a structural rearrangement has already been identified, often after genetic testing prompted by recurrent miscarriage, a previous pregnancy or child with a chromosome condition, or a family history. Recurrent miscarriage can have many causes, and a chromosome rearrangement in one partner is only one possible explanation. Not everyone with a translocation needs PGT-SR, and not everyone with recurrent miscarriage has a translocation.

    A genetic counsellor or clinical geneticist can help you understand your own karyotype or microarray result, the estimated chance of an unbalanced pregnancy, and whether embryo testing would meaningfully change your options. This is a personal risk assessment, not a general rule.

    How the process usually works

    1. Confirm the diagnosis. Your rearrangement should be documented with the correct test, such as a karyotype, and reviewed by a genetics professional.
    2. Check test feasibility. The laboratory confirms it can design and validate a PGT-SR test for your specific rearrangement. Some rearrangements are more straightforward to test than others.
    3. IVF cycle. Eggs are collected and fertilised, and embryos are cultured to a suitable stage for biopsy.
    4. Embryo biopsy and testing. A small number of cells are removed and analysed. The exact method and timing are laboratory-specific.
    5. Results and counselling. Results are discussed with you, including any embryos with unclear or inconclusive findings.
    6. Transfer and follow-up. If you proceed, an embryo is transferred, and pregnancy follow-up may include diagnostic testing such as chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis, because PGT is a screening step rather than a diagnosis.

    What results can and cannot tell you

    A PGT-SR result is a laboratory estimate about the chromosomes tested in the biopsied cells. It can indicate whether an embryo appears to carry an unbalanced form of the rearrangement. It cannot tell you that an embryo is completely free of all genetic issues, that implantation will occur, or that a pregnancy will result in a healthy child. Mosaic results, where cells differ, and inconclusive results can occur, and clinics handle these differently.

    Because of these limits, many clinics recommend confirmatory prenatal testing during any pregnancy achieved after PGT. This is a discussion to have with your obstetric team.

    Alternatives and complementary options

    • Expectant management or natural conception with prenatal diagnosis, depending on your personal risk and preferences.
    • Donor gametes (eggs or sperm), which may remove the rearrangement from the equation but raise separate considerations.
    • PGT-A if the main concern is chromosome number rather than a specific rearrangement.
    • Preimplantation genetic testing for a single-gene condition (PGT-M) if there is also a monogenic condition in the family.
    • Genetic counselling alone, which can help you weigh risks and options without embryo testing.

    None of these is universally better. The right path depends on your genetics, your history, your values and what a clinic can offer.

    Questions to ask a clinic in Thailand

    • Has your laboratory validated a PGT-SR test for my specific rearrangement, and what is the validation process?
    • What proportion of embryos typically give a conclusive result, and how are inconclusive or mosaic results handled?
    • Do you recommend combining PGT-SR with PGT-A, and why or why not in my case?
    • What are the total costs, including genetic counselling, IVF, biopsy, testing, storage and transfer, and what is not included?
    • What are the timelines from consultation to transfer, and what could change them?
    • What prenatal follow-up do you recommend if a pregnancy occurs?
    • What are your arrangements for shipping or storing samples, and how do you communicate results internationally?
    • What legal or consent requirements apply to me as an international patient, and who can confirm them?

    Practical next steps

    1. Gather your genetic test reports and any relevant medical history.
    2. Speak with a genetic counsellor or clinical geneticist about your specific rearrangement and your options.
    3. Shortlist clinics and ask the questions above, ideally in writing.
    4. Confirm costs, timelines, travel requirements and legal or consent steps directly with the clinic and, where relevant, official authorities.
    5. Decide with your clinical team whether PGT-SR is appropriate for you, and what you would do with different results.

    For more background, see our PGT in Thailand overview and the related guides. If you have a specific question, the FAQ may help.

    Frequently asked questions

    Is PGT-SR the same as PGT-A?

    No. PGT-A screens for chromosome number across the genome, often in relation to maternal age or repeated IVF failure. PGT-SR targets a specific structural rearrangement that has already been identified in a parent, such as a balanced translocation. They answer different questions and may sometimes be used together, depending on the clinical situation.

    Does PGT-SR guarantee a healthy baby?

    No. PGT-SR is a screening test on a small number of embryo cells. It can reduce the chance of transferring an embryo with an unbalanced form of a known rearrangement, but it cannot guarantee implantation, pregnancy, live birth or a child without health concerns. Confirmatory prenatal testing is often recommended during pregnancy.

    Can I have PGT-SR if I have recurrent miscarriages but no known translocation?

    PGT-SR is designed for a known structural rearrangement. If you have recurrent miscarriage without a confirmed rearrangement, your clinic would first investigate possible causes. Depending on the findings, other options such as PGT-A or further genetic assessment may be discussed. This is an individual clinical decision.

    What should I confirm before travelling to Thailand for PGT-SR?

    Confirm that the laboratory can validate a test for your specific rearrangement, the total cost and what it includes, the expected timeline, how results are communicated, consent and legal requirements for international patients, and what prenatal follow-up is advised. Ask for these details in writing and verify any legal or entry requirements with official sources.

    What happens if my embryos have inconclusive PGT-SR results?

    Inconclusive or mosaic results can occur. How they are handled varies by clinic and laboratory. Some may recommend re-biopsy, additional testing or a different transfer strategy. Ask your clinic in advance how they manage unclear results so you can decide what you would prefer.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT-A Testing Cost in Thailand: What International Patients Should Confirm in Writing

    PGT-A testing cost in Thailand is rarely a single number. A quotation usually combines several separate services: the IVF cycle, the embryology work of taking a biopsy, the genetic laboratory fee for analysing those cells, and the freezing and storage of any embryos that are not transferred immediately. Because these pieces are billed by different parts of a clinic or by an outside genetics laboratory, two quotations that look similar at the top can differ a great deal once you read the detail. This guide explains the categories you should expect to see, why totals move, and what to confirm in writing before you pay a deposit.

    At a glance

    • A PGT-A quotation is normally a bundle, not one price.
    • Biopsy, genetic laboratory analysis, freezing and storage are often listed separately.
    • Some quotations include only the testing; the IVF cycle may be quoted apart.
    • Per-embryo pricing means the total depends on how many embryos are suitable for biopsy.
    • Ask what happens to the price if no embryo reaches the testing stage.
    • Get inclusions, exclusions and validity dates in writing before paying.

    Why a PGT-A quotation is not one price

    PGT-A, or preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy, is a laboratory step added to an IVF cycle. It involves removing a small number of cells from an embryo, preparing them, and sending them to a genetics laboratory for analysis. Each of those steps has its own cost centre. The fertility clinic charges for the clinical and embryology work; the genetics laboratory charges for the analysis; and the clinic or a storage facility charges for freezing and keeping embryos. When you request a quotation, you are really asking for a bundle of services, and the way that bundle is assembled is what you are comparing.

    This matters because a low headline figure may simply exclude more. A quotation that covers only the genetic laboratory fee will look cheaper than one that also includes biopsy and a year of storage, but it is not the same product. The goal is not to find the lowest number; it is to understand what each number covers.

    Cost components a PGT-A quotation should itemise

    When you receive a quotation, check whether each of the following appears as a separate line. If a category is missing, ask where it is accounted for.

    Component What it usually covers Why it can change
    IVF cycle Monitoring, egg retrieval, fertilisation and embryo culture May be quoted separately from PGT-A; medication is often excluded
    Embryo biopsy The embryology procedure to remove cells from each embryo Charged per embryo, or as a single fee up to a certain number
    Genetic laboratory fee Analysis of the biopsy samples by a genetics laboratory Per embryo, per batch, or as a package; may be handled by an outside lab
    Embryo freezing (vitrification) Freezing embryos after biopsy while results are awaited Charged per embryo or per batch; may be included or separate
    Storage Keeping frozen embryos for a defined period Usually charged annually or per storage period; renewal terms vary
    Rebiopsy A second biopsy attempt if the first sample is inconclusive May be charged again, or covered once; ask explicitly
    Frozen embryo transfer A later transfer cycle using a tested embryo Often quoted separately from the testing package
    Medication Stimulation and cycle-support drugs Frequently excluded; cost depends on protocol and response

    If any row is blank in your quotation, that is a question, not a gap you should fill with an assumption.

    Per-embryo pricing and why your total can move

    Many clinics price biopsy and genetic analysis per embryo. That means the final total depends on how many embryos are available and suitable for testing on the day. A quotation may show a per-embryo rate and an estimated range, but the actual number is only known after fertilisation and culture. Ask how the clinic handles this: do they confirm the number with you before proceeding, and is there a written estimate of the minimum and maximum you could be charged?

    It is also worth asking what happens if no embryo reaches the biopsy stage, or if all biopsy samples are inconclusive. Policies differ. Some clinics charge only for work performed; others apply a package fee regardless. This is one of the most important exclusions to clarify, because it affects your financial exposure in a cycle that does not go as hoped.

    Inclusions and exclusions to compare fairly

    Two quotations can only be compared if you line up the same categories. Use a simple checklist and mark each item as included, excluded, or unclear.

    • Is the IVF cycle included, or is PGT-A quoted as an add-on?
    • Is biopsy included, and is it per embryo or a flat fee?
    • Is the genetic laboratory fee included, and is the laboratory named?
    • Is freezing included for the embryos that are biopsied?
    • Is storage included, and for how long?
    • Is a frozen embryo transfer included, or quoted separately?
    • Are medications included?
    • Are pre-treatment consultations, scans and blood tests included?
    • Is there a rebiopsy fee, and when does it apply?
    • Are there administrative, courier or shipping fees for samples?
    • What is the quotation’s validity period?
    • What deposit is required, and is any part refundable?

    Marking these consistently across quotations will tell you more than comparing headline totals.

    Questions to ask before paying a deposit

    Before you commit money, ask for written answers to the following. A clinic that is used to international patients should be able to provide them clearly.

    1. Can you send a full itemised quotation showing every component, including those that are excluded?
    2. Which genetics laboratory performs the analysis, and is it inside or outside the clinic?
    3. Is the biopsy fee per embryo, and what is the maximum number of embryos covered?
    4. What happens to the price if fewer embryos are available than estimated?
    5. What happens if a sample is inconclusive and a rebiopsy is needed?
    6. Is freezing included for all biopsied embryos, and what are the storage terms after the first period?
    7. Is a frozen embryo transfer included, and if not, how is it quoted?
    8. Are medications, monitoring and consultations included or separate?
    9. How and when will I be told the final number of embryos tested and the resulting charge?
    10. What is the deposit amount, and under what circumstances is it refundable?
    11. How long is the quotation valid, and what could change it?
    12. Who is my point of contact if the quotation changes during the cycle?

    Keep the answers in writing. A written quotation is easier to refer back to if a question arises later.

    How to compare quotations from different clinics

    Start by normalising the scope. Put each quotation into the same table, using the categories above, and note whether each is included, excluded or unclear. Then consider the following:

    • Scope: Does the quotation cover the whole pathway to a tested embryo, or only part of it?
    • Volume assumptions: Is the estimate based on a number of embryos, and is that number realistic for you?
    • Contingencies: What is the policy for no embryos, inconclusive results, or a cancelled cycle?
    • Storage: What are the ongoing costs after the first storage period?
    • Currency and payment: Which currency is the quotation in, and are there transfer or card fees?
    • Validity: How long is the price held, and what could change it?

    This approach does not tell you which clinic is right for you, but it does tell you whether you are comparing like with like.

    What to confirm in writing

    Before paying a deposit, ask for a written summary that includes the itemised components, the per-embryo rates if applicable, the inclusions and exclusions, the storage terms, the rebiopsy policy, the deposit and refund conditions, and the quotation’s validity period. If any of these are only explained verbally, ask for them in writing. This is not a sign of distrust; it is standard planning for a multi-part treatment pathway.

    You may also want to ask how the clinic communicates changes during the cycle, and who is responsible for telling you if the estimated number of embryos changes. Clear communication channels reduce the chance of surprises.

    Next steps

    Use the checklist above to build a comparison table for each quotation you receive. If you are still at the research stage, you may find it helpful to read more about the broader cost picture in our guide to PGT-A cost in Thailand and our overview of IVF cost in Thailand. For general planning tools and questions to ask any clinic, see our patient resources. When you are ready to request a quotation or ask a specific question, you can contact us.

    Frequently asked questions

    Does a PGT-A quotation in Thailand usually include the IVF cycle?

    Not always. Some clinics quote PGT-A as an add-on to the IVF cycle, while others present a combined package. Ask explicitly whether the IVF cycle, monitoring, retrieval and fertilisation are included, or whether the quotation covers only biopsy, genetic analysis, freezing and storage.

    Why does the total cost change after the cycle starts?

    Many clinics charge biopsy and genetic analysis per embryo. The number of embryos available for testing is only known after fertilisation and culture, so the final total can differ from the initial estimate. Ask how the clinic confirms the number with you before proceeding and whether there is a written minimum and maximum.

    What happens if an embryo sample is inconclusive?

    Policies vary. Some clinics include one rebiopsy attempt, while others charge again. Ask what a rebiopsy involves, when it is possible, and how it is priced. Get the answer in writing so you understand the potential additional cost.

    Is embryo storage included in the quotation?

    Storage is often charged separately, sometimes annually or per storage period. Ask whether the first storage period is included, how long it lasts, and what the renewal terms and costs are. Also ask what happens if you choose to move or discard embryos later.

    Should I pay a deposit before I have a full itemised quotation?

    It is reasonable to ask for a full itemised quotation, including inclusions, exclusions, deposit and refund conditions, before paying. If a clinic is unable to provide this in writing, that is useful information for your decision. A written quotation helps both sides avoid misunderstandings.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT-A Testing Cost in Thailand: How to Read and Compare a Quotation

    PGT-A testing cost in Thailand is usually quoted as part of an IVF cycle, not as a single standalone fee. A quotation may cover embryo biopsy, laboratory processing, genetic analysis, reporting, and sometimes counselling or storage. It may also exclude some of these. Because clinics package and price services differently, the only reliable way to compare is to ask what is inside each quotation and what would trigger an extra charge. This guide explains the categories to check, the questions to ask, and how to plan a budget without relying on a headline number.

    At a glance

    • PGT-A is usually priced per embryo tested, but quotations may bundle it into an IVF package.
    • Biopsy, laboratory processing, analysis, reporting, counselling, storage, and re-testing may be separate line items.
    • Currency, exchange rates, and payment timing can change what you actually pay.
    • The most useful comparison is not the lowest number, but the clearest list of inclusions and exclusions.
    • Ask for a written quotation that states what happens if no embryos are suitable for testing or if testing needs to be repeated.

    Why PGT-A quotations are hard to compare

    Two clinics can quote very different totals for what sounds like the same service. One may include embryo biopsy and the other may charge it separately. One may include a set number of embryos and charge per embryo beyond that. Another may include genetic counselling in the package, while a third bills it only if you request it. Some quotations include medication, monitoring scans, and the IVF laboratory work; others assume those are already covered by a separate IVF package.

    This is why a direct price comparison often misleads. The better approach is to compare the scope of each quotation: what is included, what is excluded, what is optional, and what could change the final amount.

    Typical cost components in a PGT-A quotation

    The exact line items vary by clinic and by your treatment plan. The categories below are common places where costs appear. Use them as a checklist when you read a quotation.

    Component What it usually covers Questions to ask
    IVF cycle base Monitoring, egg retrieval, laboratory fertilisation, and embryo culture up to the biopsy stage. Is the IVF cycle included in this quotation, or is it separate? What is excluded from the base package?
    Embryo biopsy The procedure to remove a small number of cells from each embryo for testing. Is biopsy charged per embryo, per cycle, or included? Is there a minimum or maximum number of embryos?
    Laboratory processing and genetic analysis Preparation of the biopsy sample and the PGT-A laboratory work itself. Is the analysis done in-house or sent to an external laboratory? Does that affect the price or timeline?
    Reporting A written result for each embryo, usually describing whether it is suitable for transfer based on the test. How and when are results shared? Is there a charge for a written report or for a second review?
    Counselling A discussion about what the results may mean for your transfer decisions. Is counselling included, optional, or charged separately? Who provides it?
    Storage Freezing and storing embryos before or after testing. Is storage included for a set period? What are the renewal terms and fees after that period?
    Re-testing or additional analysis Repeat testing if a sample does not give a clear result, or if you request further analysis. What happens if a result is inconclusive? Is re-testing included or charged again?

    What may change the final amount

    Even a detailed quotation can change once treatment begins. The most common reasons are clinical rather than administrative.

    • Number of embryos tested. If PGT-A is priced per embryo, the total depends on how many embryos reach the biopsy stage. That number is not known in advance.
    • Embryo development. Some embryos may not be suitable for biopsy or testing. This can reduce the number tested, but it may also affect how many are available for transfer.
    • Inconclusive results. A sample may not give a clear result, which can lead to a repeat test or a decision not to test that embryo further.
    • Additional laboratory services. Some quotations include only PGT-A, while others may offer additional genetic tests or sperm analysis as separate services.
    • Medication and monitoring. These are often part of the IVF cycle rather than the PGT-A fee, but they can be a significant part of the overall budget.
    • Currency and payment method. Exchange rates, bank fees, and payment timing can change what you pay in your home currency.
    • Travel and accommodation. These are not part of the medical quotation but are part of the real cost of treatment abroad.

    Questions to ask before you compare quotations

    Use these questions to turn a price list into a comparable quotation. Ask for answers in writing so you can review them later.

    1. Is PGT-A included in the IVF package, or is it a separate fee?
    2. Is the fee per embryo, per cycle, or a flat rate? Is there a minimum or maximum number of embryos?
    3. Does the quotation include embryo biopsy, laboratory processing, genetic analysis, and reporting?
    4. Is genetic counselling included? If not, what does it cost and who provides it?
    5. Is embryo storage included? For how long, and what are the renewal terms?
    6. What happens if a result is inconclusive? Is re-testing included or charged separately?
    7. Are there any charges that are not listed in the quotation? What typically triggers them?
    8. How and when do I pay? Are there currency conversion or bank fees I should expect?
    9. What is the refund or cancellation policy if treatment is stopped or changed?
    10. Can I get a written quotation that states what is included and excluded?

    How to build a realistic budget

    A budget for PGT-A in Thailand should cover more than the test itself. Start with the categories below and fill in amounts only when a clinic confirms them in writing.

    • IVF cycle: monitoring, retrieval, laboratory work, and embryo culture.
    • PGT-A: biopsy, analysis, reporting, and any related counselling.
    • Medication: often separate from the IVF package and can vary with your protocol.
    • Storage: freezing and storage fees, including renewal terms.
    • Travel: flights, accommodation, local transport, and time away from work.
    • Contingency: a buffer for inconclusive results, additional tests, or a change in plan.

    Because prices and package contents change, treat any figure you see online as a starting point for a conversation, not a final quote. Ask the clinic to confirm the current price and what it includes in writing.

    Next steps

    Before you decide, gather written quotations from the clinics you are considering. Compare them line by line using the categories above. If a quotation is unclear, ask for clarification. If a clinic cannot explain what is included, that is useful information too.

    You can read more about the wider cost picture in our guide to PGT-A cost in Thailand and our overview of IVF cost in Thailand. For general planning tools and questions to ask any provider, see our patient resources. If you would like help organising your questions or comparing quotations, you can contact us.

    Frequently asked questions

    Is PGT-A testing in Thailand usually included in the IVF package?

    It varies. Some clinics include PGT-A in a broader IVF package, while others quote it as a separate fee. Ask for a written quotation that clearly states whether biopsy, laboratory analysis, reporting, and counselling are included or charged separately.

    What does a PGT-A quotation typically exclude?

    Common exclusions include medication, monitoring scans, embryo storage after an initial period, genetic counselling, and re-testing if a result is inconclusive. Travel and accommodation are also usually separate. Ask the clinic to list all exclusions in writing.

    Why do PGT-A prices differ so much between clinics?

    Differences often come from what is bundled into the quotation, whether the fee is per embryo or per cycle, whether analysis is done in-house or sent to an external laboratory, and whether counselling and storage are included. Comparing inclusions is more useful than comparing headline prices.

    Can I get a fixed price for PGT-A before I start treatment?

    Some clinics may offer a package price for a set number of embryos, but the total can still change if fewer or more embryos are suitable for testing, or if a result needs to be repeated. Ask how the clinic handles these situations and whether any adjustments are included.

    What should I ask if a PGT-A result is inconclusive?

    Ask whether re-testing is included in the original fee or charged again, how long a repeat test takes, and what your options are if the result remains unclear. This should be explained before you consent to testing.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • Mosaic Embryo Results from a Thai Lab: Questions for International Patients

    If you have received a mosaic PGT-A result from a laboratory in Thailand, you are likely dealing with two challenges at once: understanding a complex genetic report and coordinating follow-up care across countries and time zones. A mosaic result means the laboratory detected a mix of cells with different chromosomal patterns in the same embryo sample. It is not a simple positive or negative, and it does not by itself tell you what will happen next. The most useful next step is usually to ask your laboratory and treating team specific questions about how the result was reported, what its limitations are, and which options they can discuss with you.

    At a glance

    • A mosaic PGT-A result describes a mixture of chromosomal patterns within one embryo sample, not a diagnosis of a future child.
    • Laboratories differ in how they classify, report, and describe mosaicism, so the same raw data may be summarised differently.
    • Mosaic reporting is an area of active discussion, and professional guidance continues to evolve.
    • Your treating clinic, not the laboratory alone, is responsible for explaining how a result may affect your care.
    • You can ask for a copy of the full report, a plain-language explanation, and a discussion of alternatives.

    What a mosaic PGT-A result can mean

    Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) is a laboratory test performed on a small sample of cells taken from an embryo, usually at the blastocyst stage. The test looks at the number of chromosomes in those cells. A result may be described as euploid (the expected number of chromosomes), aneuploid (an extra or missing chromosome), or mosaic.

    Mosaic means the laboratory found evidence of more than one chromosomal pattern in the sample. This can happen because the cells sampled are not identical, or because the testing method has technical limits. Mosaicism exists on a spectrum. Some mosaic results involve a small proportion of cells with a different pattern; others involve a larger proportion. Laboratories may use different thresholds to decide when to call a result mosaic, and some may add a level such as low-level or high-level.

    A mosaic result is not the same as a diagnosis of a health condition in a future child. It is a laboratory observation about a sample of cells. How that observation relates to the whole embryo, and to a potential pregnancy, is something your treating clinician can discuss with you in the context of your full history.

    Why mosaic reporting varies between laboratories

    If you compare reports from different laboratories, or read about mosaic results online, you may notice inconsistencies. This is expected. Several factors can influence how a mosaic result is described:

    • Testing platform and protocol. Different PGT-A methods have different sensitivities and may detect or report mosaicism differently.
    • Thresholds and categories. Laboratories set their own cut-offs for what counts as mosaic, and some use different categories or confidence levels.
    • Sample quality and biopsy technique. The number and quality of cells analysed can affect the result.
    • Reporting language. Some reports use technical terms without much explanation; others include a summary or a comment from a genetic counsellor.
    • Local practice and professional guidance. Recommendations about how to use mosaic results in decision-making are not uniform and may change over time.

    Because of this variation, a mosaic result from a Thai laboratory should be interpreted in the context of that laboratory’s own reporting standards and your clinic’s protocols. It is reasonable to ask for clarification rather than assuming a universal meaning.

    Questions to ask the laboratory

    You may be able to contact the laboratory directly, or you may need to ask your clinic to request information on your behalf. These questions can help you understand the report:

    1. What exactly does the report say about this embryo, in plain language?
    2. What proportion of cells showed the different chromosomal pattern, and how was that measured?
    3. What thresholds or categories does the laboratory use for mosaic results?
    4. Does the report include a confidence level or a note about technical limitations?
    5. Was the result reviewed by a genetic counsellor or another specialist, and is a written summary available?
    6. Can you provide the full report, including any appendices or raw data that may be shared with my clinic?
    7. How does this laboratory usually describe mosaic results to treating clinics?
    8. Are there any quality-control or accreditation details you can share about the testing process?

    If language is a barrier, ask whether the laboratory or your clinic can provide a translated summary or an interpreter for a call. It is also reasonable to ask for the information in writing so you can review it carefully.

    Questions to ask your treating clinic

    Your treating clinic is responsible for putting the laboratory result into the context of your care. These questions can guide that conversation:

    • How do you interpret this mosaic result for someone with my history and priorities?
    • What are the possible next steps, and what are the trade-offs of each?
    • If transfer is considered, how would you monitor and follow up?
    • What alternatives exist, such as transferring a different embryo, further testing, or another cycle?
    • What does current professional guidance say about mosaic results, and how do you apply it in your practice?
    • Can we discuss this with a genetic counsellor or another specialist before deciding?
    • What information would you need from me to make a more personalised recommendation?
    • How do you document and communicate decisions about mosaic embryos?

    You do not have to decide immediately. It is reasonable to ask for time, a second opinion, or a follow-up appointment to review the report together.

    What a mosaic result does not tell you

    It is important to be clear about the limits of PGT-A and mosaic reporting:

    • PGT-A does not guarantee a pregnancy, a live birth, or a child without a health condition.
    • A mosaic result does not predict how a specific embryo will develop.
    • PGT-A does not test for all genetic conditions; other tests such as PGT-M or PGT-SR look at different questions.
    • A mosaic result is not a reason to stop treatment or to continue it; it is one piece of information among many.
    • Reporting standards and clinical guidance can change, so older information may not reflect current practice.

    Your clinic can explain how PGT-A fits into your overall care and what other factors, such as your age, history, and previous cycles, may matter.

    Coordinating care across borders

    International patients often face extra steps: time zones, language, records transfer, and travel planning. A few practical habits can help:

    • Ask for all reports in a format you can share easily with another clinician.
    • Keep a written list of your questions and the answers you receive.
    • Confirm who your main point of contact is at the clinic and how to reach them.
    • Ask whether a teleconsultation or a written summary can be arranged before you travel.
    • Check what follow-up is expected and how results will be communicated to you.

    For more general orientation, you can review our pages on PGT in Thailand, hospitals, guides, and FAQ. These resources are educational and do not replace advice from your treating team.

    Next-step checklist

    1. Request the full laboratory report and any available plain-language summary.
    2. Write down your top three questions for the laboratory and your top three for the clinic.
    3. Ask whether a genetic counsellor or specialist can join a discussion.
    4. Ask about alternatives and the trade-offs, without pressure to decide immediately.
    5. Confirm how and when you will receive follow-up information.
    6. Keep copies of all records in a secure place you can access from home.

    Receiving a mosaic result can feel uncertain, but you are not without options. Asking focused questions helps you and your care team make decisions that fit your situation.

    Frequently asked questions

    Does a mosaic PGT-A result mean the embryo is abnormal?

    A mosaic result means the laboratory found a mix of chromosomal patterns in the sampled cells. It is not the same as a diagnosis of a health condition in a future child. How the result may relate to a potential pregnancy is something your treating clinician can discuss with you, taking your full history into account.

    Why do mosaic results seem to be reported differently by different labs?

    Laboratories use different testing methods, thresholds, and reporting formats. Some include confidence levels or comments; others do not. Because of this, a mosaic result should be interpreted using the reporting standards of the laboratory that issued it, and your clinic can help explain what those standards mean for you.

    Can I ask for a second opinion on a mosaic result?

    Yes. It is reasonable to ask your clinic for a second opinion or a review by a genetic counsellor or another specialist. You can also ask for the full report so another clinician can review it. Your clinic can explain how to arrange this.

    What should I do if I do not understand the report language?

    Ask the laboratory or your clinic for a plain-language explanation or a translated summary. If a call is arranged, you can request an interpreter. It can help to ask for the explanation in writing so you can review it carefully and share it with others.

    Does PGT-A guarantee a healthy baby?

    No. PGT-A is a screening test that looks at chromosome number in a sample of cells. It does not guarantee a pregnancy, a live birth, or a child without a health condition. Your clinic can explain what PGT-A can and cannot tell you in your situation.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT IVF in Thailand: A Plain-English Guide to Genetic Testing in IVF

    Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a laboratory step that can be added to an IVF cycle. It examines a small sample of cells taken from an embryo to look for certain chromosome or gene findings before an embryo is considered for transfer. In Thailand, as elsewhere, PGT is optional rather than automatic, and it is not a guarantee of pregnancy or a healthy child. It is one piece of information that you and a qualified clinical team may weigh alongside your history, the number and quality of embryos, and your own priorities. This guide explains the main PGT types, how results are usually described, who might consider testing, and what to confirm directly with a clinic in Thailand.

    At a glance

    • PGT is an add-on to IVF, not a separate treatment.
    • PGT-A looks at chromosome number; PGT-M looks at a specific inherited condition; PGT-SR looks at a known structural chromosome rearrangement.
    • Results are reported as normal, abnormal, mosaic or inconclusive — each with different implications.
    • PGT cannot detect every possible health issue, and it does not guarantee a live birth.
    • Availability, eligibility, cost and legal rules vary; confirm them with the treating clinic and relevant authorities.

    What PGT is — and what it is not

    PGT stands for preimplantation genetic testing. It is performed on embryos created through IVF, usually a few days after fertilisation, when the embryo has reached a stage where a few cells can be sampled. The sample is sent to a genetics laboratory for analysis. The embryo itself is typically frozen while waiting for results, then transferred in a later cycle if you and your clinician decide to proceed.

    PGT is not a treatment for infertility, and it does not improve the underlying quality of an embryo. It is a screening or diagnostic tool that provides additional information. It also cannot replace prenatal testing or newborn screening, and it cannot rule out all genetic or health conditions. Some findings are uncertain, and some embryos may be classified as mosaic — meaning the sample showed a mix of cells with and without a particular finding. Mosaic results are often the most difficult to interpret, and clinics may discuss them differently depending on the specific finding and their own protocols.

    The three main types of PGT

    The term PGT covers several different tests. They are not interchangeable, and the right one — if any — depends on why testing is being considered.

    PGT-A (aneuploidy screening)

    PGT-A looks at the number of chromosomes in the sampled cells. Human embryos can have an extra or missing chromosome, a condition called aneuploidy. Aneuploidy becomes more common with increasing maternal age, and many aneuploid embryos do not implant or lead to a pregnancy. PGT-A is sometimes discussed as a way to prioritise embryos for transfer, but it is not universally recommended. Some studies suggest possible benefits in certain groups, while others show no clear advantage for all patients. It is a personal decision that should be based on your individual circumstances and a discussion with your clinician.

    PGT-M (monogenic disease testing)

    PGT-M is used when there is a known risk of passing on a specific inherited condition caused by a change in a single gene — for example, cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy or certain types of thalassaemia. It requires a known genetic variant in the family, and often a genetic counselling consultation before IVF. The test looks for that specific variant in the embryo. PGT-M is usually considered when one or both parents are carriers or affected, and when the condition is serious enough that the family wishes to avoid passing it on.

    PGT-SR (structural rearrangement testing)

    PGT-SR is for people who carry a balanced structural chromosome rearrangement, such as a translocation or inversion. Carriers are often healthy but may have a higher chance of producing embryos with unbalanced chromosome arrangements, which can lead to miscarriage or a child with health problems. PGT-SR looks for those unbalanced arrangements. Like PGT-M, it is targeted to a known finding in the parents.

    How PGT results are usually described

    PGT reports typically use a few standard categories. The exact wording and thresholds can vary between laboratories, so ask your clinic to explain their reporting in plain language.

    Result category What it generally means What it does not mean
    Normal / euploid The sampled cells showed the expected number of chromosomes (for PGT-A) or did not show the specific variant or rearrangement being tested for (for PGT-M or PGT-SR). It does not guarantee a healthy pregnancy or child. Other genetic or health issues may still occur.
    Abnormal / aneuploid or affected The sampled cells showed an extra or missing chromosome, or the specific condition being tested for was detected. It does not always mean the embryo could never produce a pregnancy, but clinics generally do not prioritise these embryos for transfer.
    Mosaic The sample contained a mixture of cells with and without the finding. The proportion and type of mosaic cells matter. It is not a simple yes or no. Some mosaic embryos can lead to healthy pregnancies, but the chance is less predictable. Counselling is important.
    Inconclusive / no result The laboratory could not obtain a clear result, sometimes because the sample was too small or the DNA did not amplify. It does not mean the embryo is abnormal. A repeat sample or further discussion may be needed.

    Who might consider PGT — and who might not

    PGT is not necessary for everyone doing IVF. It is usually discussed in specific situations:

    • PGT-M or PGT-SR: when there is a known inherited condition or a balanced chromosome rearrangement in the family.
    • PGT-A: sometimes discussed for patients with a history of recurrent miscarriage, repeated IVF failure, or when the number of embryos available makes selection a concern. However, evidence for broad use is mixed, and guidelines in different countries vary.
    • Age-related considerations: because aneuploidy is more common with increasing maternal age, some clinics discuss PGT-A more often in older patients. This is a conversation to have with your clinician, not a rule.

    PGT may not be suitable if there are very few embryos, if the embryo quality is poor, or if the specific genetic finding cannot be tested reliably. It also adds cost and time to an IVF cycle, and it requires a genetics laboratory with appropriate expertise. In Thailand, as in other countries, not every clinic offers every type of PGT, and some may refer samples to a partner laboratory. Ask directly about who performs the testing and how results are reported.

    How PGT fits into an IVF cycle in Thailand

    The general sequence is similar to IVF anywhere, but the exact steps and timing depend on the clinic and your protocol. A typical path looks like this:

    1. Consultation and planning: discuss your history, whether PGT is appropriate, and which type. For PGT-M or PGT-SR, a genetic counselling session is usually needed first.
    2. Ovarian stimulation and egg retrieval: standard IVF steps to collect eggs.
    3. Fertilisation and embryo culture: eggs are fertilised and embryos are grown for several days.
    4. Embryo biopsy: a few cells are removed from each embryo that will be tested. This is a laboratory procedure.
    5. Sample analysis: the cells are sent to a genetics laboratory. Embryos are usually frozen during this waiting period.
    6. Results and counselling: you and your clinician review the results and discuss which embryo(s), if any, to transfer.
    7. Frozen embryo transfer: if you decide to proceed, a prepared cycle is used to transfer an embryo to the uterus.

    Timelines vary. The waiting period for results can range from days to a few weeks depending on the test and the laboratory. Ask your clinic for a realistic estimate for your case.

    Limitations and uncertainties to keep in mind

    PGT is a powerful tool, but it has clear limits:

    • It is not a guarantee. A normal result does not ensure implantation, pregnancy, live birth or a child without health issues.
    • It cannot test for everything. PGT-A looks at chromosome number, not gene-level conditions. PGT-M tests only for the specific variant it is designed to detect.
    • Mosaic results are complex. The biopsy samples only a few cells, which may not represent the whole embryo. Some mosaic embryos can develop normally, but the risk is not fully understood.
    • Technical limitations exist. Sometimes no result is obtained, and sometimes a result may be inaccurate (false positive or false negative), though laboratories work to minimise this.
    • It does not replace prenatal testing. Even after PGT, standard prenatal screening or diagnostic testing may still be recommended during pregnancy.

    Alternatives and additional options

    If PGT is not right for you, or if you want to consider other paths, these may be discussed:

    • IVF without PGT: transferring embryos based on visual assessment and your clinical history.
    • Prenatal testing: tests during pregnancy, such as chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis, can diagnose certain conditions. These are different from PGT and carry their own considerations.
    • Genetic counselling: a specialist can help you understand risks, options and the implications of test results, whether or not you choose PGT.
    • Donor gametes or embryos: in some situations, using donor eggs, sperm or embryos may be an alternative path. This involves its own legal and ethical considerations.

    Questions to ask a clinic in Thailand

    When you contact a clinic, these questions can help you compare options and understand what is realistic:

    • Which types of PGT do you offer directly, and which are sent to an external laboratory?
    • What are the qualifications and accreditation of the genetics laboratory you use?
    • How do you report mosaic and inconclusive results, and what counselling do you provide?
    • What is the additional cost of PGT, including biopsy, analysis and any genetic counselling?
    • How long does it take to receive results, and how does that affect the transfer timeline?
    • What are the success rates for frozen embryo transfer after PGT at your clinic, and how do you define success?
    • Are there any legal or regulatory restrictions in Thailand that apply to my situation?
    • What support do you offer for international patients, such as language interpretation or help with travel planning?

    Next steps

    If you are considering PGT IVF in Thailand, start by clarifying your own reasons for testing and what you hope to learn. Gather any relevant genetic or medical records. Then speak with a qualified clinic and, if possible, a genetic counsellor. Ask for clear explanations of the tests, the possible results and the uncertainties. Remember that PGT is a personal decision, and there is no single right answer for everyone. For more context, see our PGT in Thailand overview, browse our guides, or check the FAQ for common questions.

    Frequently asked questions

    Is PGT required for IVF in Thailand?

    No. PGT is an optional add-on to IVF, not a required step. Whether it is appropriate depends on your medical history, the reason for testing, and your clinic's assessment. Some patients choose IVF without PGT. Discuss the pros and cons with your treating clinician.

    What is the difference between PGT-A, PGT-M and PGT-SR?

    PGT-A screens for extra or missing chromosomes (aneuploidy). PGT-M tests for a specific inherited condition caused by a single gene variant. PGT-SR tests for a known structural chromosome rearrangement, such as a translocation. Each type is used in different situations and is not interchangeable.

    Can PGT guarantee a healthy baby?

    No. PGT can provide useful information about certain chromosome or gene findings, but it cannot guarantee a successful pregnancy, a live birth, or a child without health issues. It does not detect all possible conditions, and some results are uncertain. Prenatal testing may still be recommended during pregnancy.

    What does a mosaic PGT result mean?

    A mosaic result means the sampled cells showed a mixture of cells with and without a particular chromosome finding. The implications depend on the specific finding and the proportion of mosaic cells. Some mosaic embryos can lead to healthy pregnancies, but the chance is less predictable. Your clinic should provide counselling to help you understand your options.

    How much does PGT cost in Thailand?

    Costs vary widely depending on the clinic, the type of PGT, the number of embryos tested, and whether genetic counselling or other services are included. We do not list prices because they change and depend on your individual situation. Ask the clinic for a detailed quote and clarify what is included.

    Do I need genetic counselling before PGT?

    For PGT-M and PGT-SR, genetic counselling is typically recommended or required before proceeding, because it helps confirm the specific genetic finding and explains the implications. For PGT-A, counselling may also be helpful to discuss the limitations and uncertainties. Ask your clinic about their process.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • No-Result or Inconclusive PGT Results in Thailand: Questions to Ask Before Deciding Next Steps

    An inconclusive PGT result means the laboratory could not produce a clear, reportable answer for that embryo. It is not the same as an abnormal result, and it is not a diagnosis of the embryo. In practical terms, it usually means the sample did not give enough reliable information for the test to be interpreted. Before deciding whether to retest, transfer without a result, or change course, you need to understand what happened in your specific case. The questions below are designed to help you get clear, useful answers from your treating clinic and laboratory.

    At a glance

    • An inconclusive result is a reporting outcome, not a verdict on the embryo.
    • Common general reasons include a sample that did not amplify, borderline or ambiguous signals, or quality-control issues.
    • Options may include repeating the biopsy and testing, transferring without a result, or leaving the embryo untested. Availability depends on your clinic, the embryo and the laboratory.
    • Ask who will explain the result to you, what the laboratory report actually says, and what the realistic choices are.
    • No one can promise that a repeat test will give a clear answer or that any transfer will lead to a pregnancy.

    What “inconclusive” and “no result” usually mean

    PGT, or preimplantation genetic testing, is performed on a small sample of cells taken from an embryo, usually at the blastocyst stage. The laboratory then looks for specific genetic information, depending on the type of test:

    • PGT-A looks at chromosome number, checking for extra or missing chromosomes.
    • PGT-M looks for a specific inherited condition that is known in the family.
    • PGT-SR looks at chromosome structure, for example rearrangements such as translocations.

    Each of these tests depends on getting enough analysable DNA from the sample. When that does not happen, the laboratory may report the result as inconclusive, no result, failed amplification, or “no amplification.” These labels can differ between laboratories, so it is worth asking what your clinic’s wording means in your case.

    An inconclusive result is not the same as an abnormal result. It also does not tell you whether the embryo is affected or unaffected. It simply means the test did not produce a result that the laboratory felt confident reporting.

    Why a result may be inconclusive: general explanations

    The exact reason is case-specific, but the general categories are fairly consistent across laboratories:

    • No amplification. The DNA in the sample did not copy well enough for analysis. This can happen if the sample contained too few cells, or if the DNA was degraded.
    • Borderline or ambiguous signals. The laboratory saw something, but not clearly enough to call it normal or abnormal with confidence.
    • Mosaic or mixed signals. Some tests can detect a mixture of cells with different chromosome patterns. This can make the result harder to interpret, and different laboratories may handle it differently.
    • Technical or quality-control issues. A run may not meet the laboratory’s internal quality thresholds, so the result is withheld rather than reported.
    • Sample-related factors. The amount and quality of material obtained during biopsy can vary between embryos and between cycles.

    These are general explanations, not a diagnosis of your embryo. Your clinic and laboratory are the only ones who can tell you what likely happened in your case.

    Questions to ask your clinic and laboratory

    It helps to write your questions down before the conversation. You may want to ask:

    1. What exactly does the laboratory report say for this embryo? Can I have a copy?
    2. Was the result “no amplification,” “inconclusive,” or something else? What does that term mean at this laboratory?
    3. What is the laboratory’s general approach when a result is inconclusive?
    4. Is there any remaining sample, or would a new biopsy be needed to try again?
    5. If a repeat biopsy is possible, what are the potential benefits and limitations?
    6. What are the risks of a repeat biopsy to the embryo, as far as current evidence suggests?
    7. If we choose not to retest, what are the options for this embryo?
    8. How would an inconclusive result affect our overall plan, including any remaining embryos?
    9. Who will explain the result to us, and can we speak with a genetic counsellor or someone with genetics expertise?
    10. Are there any costs associated with a repeat test or a new biopsy that we should plan for?

    You do not have to decide anything during that first conversation. It is reasonable to ask for time to consider your options.

    Retesting and repeat biopsy: what to clarify

    If you are considering a repeat test, the practical details matter. Ask your clinic:

    • Would the laboratory test the same sample again, or would a new biopsy be required?
    • Is the embryo still stored and available for further procedures?
    • What is the clinic’s general experience with repeat testing after an inconclusive result?
    • How long would a repeat test take, and how would that affect our timeline?
    • What are the possible outcomes of a repeat test, including the possibility of another inconclusive result?
    • If the repeat test gives a result, how would that change our options?

    No one can guarantee that a repeat test will produce a clear result. It is also important to understand that a clear result does not guarantee a pregnancy or a healthy child. PGT is a screening and information tool, not a guarantee.

    Communication with the laboratory

    In many clinics, the laboratory works behind the scenes and you may not speak with laboratory staff directly. You can still ask your clinic to pass on questions or to arrange a conversation. Useful questions include:

    • Can you explain the laboratory’s reporting categories in plain language?
    • What quality thresholds does the laboratory use before reporting a result?
    • How does the laboratory handle borderline or mosaic findings?
    • Is there a written report or a summary I can keep?

    If you are considering care in another country, ask how records and any remaining samples would be transferred, and what the receiving laboratory would need. Cross-border logistics can affect timelines and costs, so clarify these before committing.

    Counselling and support

    An inconclusive result can be frustrating and emotionally difficult, especially after the effort of an IVF cycle. Genetic counselling can help you understand the limits of the test and think through your options. Ask whether your clinic offers counselling, or whether they can refer you to someone with experience in reproductive genetics.

    It can also help to ask:

    • What would you do in our situation, given our history and priorities?
    • What are the trade-offs between transferring an embryo with an inconclusive result and waiting for more information?
    • Are there support groups or patient organisations you can recommend?

    These conversations are about your values and preferences as much as the technical details.

    Decision checklist

    Before you decide on next steps, consider working through this checklist:

    1. Get a copy of the laboratory report and ask for a plain-language explanation.
    2. Clarify whether a repeat test is possible and what it would involve.
    3. Ask about the realistic outcomes of each option, including the chance of another inconclusive result.
    4. Discuss the risks and benefits of transferring an embryo without a clear result.
    5. Ask about costs, timelines and any impact on remaining embryos.
    6. Request genetic counselling or a specialist conversation if you have not already had one.
    7. Take time to consider your options. You can ask for a follow-up appointment.

    For more background on PGT in Thailand, see our PGT in Thailand page. You can also browse our guides and check the FAQ for related questions.

    What not to assume

    It is easy to fill gaps with assumptions when a result is unclear. Try not to assume that an inconclusive result means the embryo is abnormal, or that a repeat test will definitely give a clear answer. Equally, do not assume that transferring an embryo with an inconclusive result will or will not lead to a pregnancy. These are questions for your treating clinic, based on your individual circumstances.

    PGT is not a guarantee of success, and it is not required for every patient. Whether it is appropriate for you depends on your medical history, your reasons for testing, and the advice of your clinical team.

    Frequently asked questions

    Does an inconclusive PGT result mean the embryo is abnormal?

    No. An inconclusive result means the laboratory could not produce a clear, reportable answer for that embryo. It is not the same as an abnormal result, and it does not tell you whether the embryo is affected or unaffected. Your clinic can explain what the specific report means in your case.

    Can an inconclusive PGT result be retested?

    Sometimes a repeat test is possible, but it depends on the embryo, the sample and the laboratory. In some cases the laboratory may be able to test the original sample again; in others a new biopsy may be needed. Ask your clinic whether retesting is an option for your embryo and what it would involve.

    What is “no amplification” in PGT?

    “No amplification” generally means the DNA from the sample did not copy well enough for the laboratory to analyse it. This can happen for several technical reasons. It is a laboratory finding, not a diagnosis of the embryo. Your clinic can explain whether this term applies to your result.

    Should I transfer an embryo with an inconclusive PGT result?

    That is a personal decision that depends on your circumstances, your priorities and your clinic’s advice. There is no single right answer. Ask your clinic about the potential benefits and limitations of transferring an embryo without a clear result, and what other options you have.

    Where can I get more information about PGT in Thailand?

    You can start with our PGT in Thailand page, browse our guides, and check the FAQ for related questions. For advice about your own situation, speak with your treating clinic or a genetic counsellor.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • PGT-A Testing Cost in Thailand: What a Quotation Includes and Excludes

    PGT-A testing cost in Thailand is rarely a single number. Most quotations combine several components: embryo biopsy, laboratory handling and shipping, genetic analysis, freezing and storage, and reporting. Some quotes bundle these; others list them separately. Because clinics structure fees differently, the only reliable way to compare is to ask for a written, itemised quotation and confirm exactly what is included, what is excluded, and when each charge applies. This guide explains the common cost categories, the line items to verify, and a question list you can use with any clinic. It does not provide prices or predict your final bill.

    At a glance

    • PGT-A quotations usually separate biopsy, lab handling, analysis, freezing and reporting.
    • Some clinics bundle fees; others charge per embryo or per cycle.
    • Exclusions often include medications, monitoring, storage after a set period, and re-biopsy or re-analysis.
    • Ask for a written quotation that states what triggers each charge.
    • Compare quotes using the same list of questions, not just the bottom line.

    Why PGT-A quotations vary so much

    PGT-A (preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy) involves several steps that can be priced separately or bundled. A clinic may quote a package that covers the IVF cycle plus biopsy and analysis, or it may quote PGT-A as an add-on to a standard IVF cycle. The quotation may also depend on how many embryos are tested, whether embryos are frozen before or after testing, and whether the laboratory work is done on-site or sent to a partner laboratory. Because these variables differ, two quotes that look similar at first glance may cover very different things. The goal is not to find the lowest number but to understand what each quote actually pays for.

    Common cost components in a PGT-A quotation

    Below are the categories that most quotations address. Not every clinic will use these exact labels, and some may combine them. Use this as a checklist when you review a quote.

    IVF cycle components

    • Consultations and monitoring: initial consultation, ultrasound scans, blood tests and cycle monitoring.
    • Medications: stimulation drugs, trigger medication and any supportive medications. These are often excluded from package prices.
    • Egg retrieval and embryology: the procedure to collect eggs, fertilisation (IVF or ICSI), and embryo culture to the blastocyst stage.

    Embryo biopsy

    • Biopsy fee: the laboratory procedure to remove a few cells from each embryo. This may be charged per embryo or as a single fee.
    • Embryo handling: any additional laboratory work required before or after biopsy.

    Genetic analysis

    • Per-embryo PGT-A charge: the cost of analysing each biopsy sample. This is often the most variable part of the quote.
    • Laboratory handling and shipping: if samples are sent to an external laboratory, there may be courier, packaging and administrative fees.
    • Reporting: the genetic report and its interpretation. Some clinics include this; others list it separately.

    Freezing, storage and transfer

    • Vitrification (freezing): the process of freezing embryos after biopsy. This may be included or charged per embryo.
    • Storage: usually charged per year or per storage period. Confirm when storage starts and what happens after the initial period.
    • Frozen embryo transfer (FET): the cost of preparing for and performing a transfer in a later cycle. This is often a separate charge.

    Other possible items

    • Pre-treatment testing: infectious disease screening, hormone tests, semen analysis and any genetic carrier screening for the intended parents.
    • Administrative fees: registration, medical records, or coordination fees.
    • Re-biopsy or re-analysis: if a sample fails to amplify or results are inconclusive, there may be an additional charge.

    What quotations often exclude

    Even a detailed quote may leave out items that become relevant later. Common exclusions include:

    • Medications, which can vary significantly depending on your protocol and response.
    • Monitoring visits beyond those included in a package.
    • Storage fees after an initial period.
    • Frozen embryo transfer in a subsequent cycle.
    • Additional laboratory tests or procedures if embryos do not develop as expected.
    • Travel, accommodation and living expenses in Thailand.
    • Translation or interpretation services, if needed.
    • Any legal or administrative fees related to consent or documentation.

    Ask the clinic to state in writing which of these are included and which are not.

    How to compare quotes fairly

    Because clinics package services differently, comparing only the total price can be misleading. Use a consistent framework:

    1. Request an itemised quotation. Ask for a breakdown that lists each service and its charge, rather than a single lump sum.
    2. Confirm the unit of pricing. Is the PGT-A fee per embryo, per batch, or per cycle? What happens if fewer or more embryos are available than expected?
    3. Ask about the laboratory. Is the analysis performed on-site or sent to a partner laboratory? Who handles shipping and reporting?
    4. Clarify freezing and storage. When does storage begin, how is it billed, and what are the options if you need to store longer?
    5. Check what happens if results are inconclusive. Is there a re-analysis fee? Is any part of the fee refundable?
    6. Ask about currency and payment timing. Which currency is the quote in? When are payments due? Are there any administrative charges for international payments?
    7. Request the quote in writing. A written quote helps you compare and reduces the chance of misunderstandings later.

    Questions to ask any clinic

    Use these questions as a checklist when you speak with a clinic or review a quotation. They are designed to surface the details that affect your final cost.

    • Does the quotation include the full IVF cycle, or only the PGT-A add-on?
    • Is the embryo biopsy fee included? Is it charged per embryo or as a single fee?
    • Is the PGT-A analysis charged per embryo? What is the charge if an embryo is not suitable for biopsy or testing?
    • Are laboratory handling and shipping fees included if samples are sent elsewhere?
    • Is the genetic report included, and who explains the results to me?
    • Are freezing and storage included? For how long, and what is the cost after that period?
    • Is a frozen embryo transfer included, or is it a separate charge?
    • What happens if I need a re-biopsy or re-analysis? Is there an additional fee?
    • Are medications, monitoring and pre-treatment tests included?
    • Are there any administrative, registration or coordination fees?
    • What is the payment schedule, and in which currency?
    • What is the clinic’s policy on refunds or credits if the cycle is cancelled or no embryos are available for testing?

    Planning your budget

    Because PGT-A is an add-on to IVF, your total budget will include both the IVF cycle and the PGT-A components. It is wise to plan for a range rather than a fixed number, since the number of embryos available for testing can vary. Ask the clinic for a realistic range based on your situation, and clarify which parts of that range are fixed and which depend on factors such as your response to medication or the number of embryos that reach biopsy. Also consider the costs of travel, accommodation and time away from work if you are travelling to Thailand. For more general information on IVF costs, see our guide to IVF cost in Thailand. For a broader overview of PGT-A costs, see PGT-A cost in Thailand.

    Next steps

    • Gather itemised quotations from the clinics you are considering.
    • Use the question list above to compare them on the same terms.
    • Ask for written confirmation of what is included, what is excluded, and when each charge applies.
    • Keep a simple spreadsheet to track the components across clinics.
    • If you need help organising your questions or understanding the process, visit our patient resources or contact us.

    Remember that this guide is for general information only. It does not provide medical advice, and it does not guarantee any specific price or outcome. Always confirm details directly with the clinic you are considering.

    Frequently asked questions

    Is PGT-A testing in Thailand usually included in an IVF package?

    It varies. Some clinics offer packages that include PGT-A, while others quote it as an add-on. Always ask for an itemised quotation that clearly states whether PGT-A, biopsy, freezing and storage are included or excluded.

    How is the per-embryo PGT-A charge calculated?

    Many clinics charge per embryo analysed, but some may charge per batch or per cycle. The number of embryos available for testing can vary, so ask how the charge is applied and what happens if fewer embryos are available than expected.

    What should I do if a quotation seems unusually low?

    A low quote may exclude important items such as medications, monitoring, freezing, storage or the frozen embryo transfer. Ask for a full breakdown and compare it with other quotes using the same list of questions.

    Are there any additional costs I should plan for beyond the clinic quotation?

    Yes. Travel, accommodation, meals, local transport and any translation services are usually not included. Also consider that you may need more than one cycle, and that storage fees may continue after the initial period.

    Can I get a refund if no embryos are suitable for testing?

    Refund policies vary by clinic. Ask specifically about what happens if no embryos reach biopsy or if testing cannot be completed. Get any refund or credit policy in writing before you commit.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.

  • Thailand PGT IVF Results Turnaround Time: What to Expect and What to Ask

    Most patients receive PGT results from Thai laboratories within one to three weeks after the embryo biopsy is performed. However, this is a general range, not a guarantee. The actual turnaround time depends on the specific laboratory, the type of PGT test ordered, whether the biopsy sample needs to be shipped to another facility, and how the clinic schedules reporting. Some cases may take longer if additional testing or re-biopsy is required. Because no two clinics operate identically, the most reliable timeline will come directly from your treating clinic.

    At a glance

    • Typical wait: 1–3 weeks after biopsy, but this varies.
    • Factors: lab location, test type, shipping, clinic workflow.
    • Shipping within Thailand or abroad can add days.
    • Your clinic should give you a specific estimate for your case.
    • Ask about communication methods and expected reporting format.

    What happens between biopsy and results?

    Understanding the steps can help you anticipate the timeline. After your embryos reach a certain stage, an embryologist removes a few cells (biopsy). Those cells are then prepared for genetic testing. The testing may be done in the same clinic’s laboratory or sent to a separate genetics lab. Once the lab completes the analysis, it sends a report back to your clinic. Your doctor then reviews the results with you. Each step—biopsy, sample preparation, shipping (if needed), analysis, and reporting—adds time.

    Typical turnaround times by test type

    PGT is an umbrella term for several tests. The most common are PGT-A (for aneuploidy), PGT-M (for monogenic disorders), and PGT-SR (for structural rearrangements). Turnaround times can differ because some tests require more complex analysis or additional validation. The table below gives general ranges, but your clinic’s actual timeline may be shorter or longer.

    Test type Typical turnaround (after biopsy)
    PGT-A 1–2 weeks
    PGT-M 2–3 weeks (sometimes longer)
    PGT-SR 2–3 weeks

    These ranges are not fixed. Some labs may report faster, while others may take longer. Always confirm with your clinic.

    What can make PGT results take longer?

    • Shipping: If the biopsy sample must be sent to a lab in another city or country, transport time and customs clearance can add days.
    • Lab workload: Busy periods or staffing shortages can delay analysis.
    • Test complexity: PGT-M often requires a custom probe, which may need to be designed and validated before testing.
    • Sample quality: If the biopsy sample is insufficient or degraded, the lab may need to request a re-biopsy, which restarts the clock.
    • Clinic reporting schedule: Some clinics batch results and report them on specific days, adding a few days.

    How will I receive my PGT results?

    Most clinics provide results during a scheduled consultation, either in person or via a video call. You may also receive a written report. Ask your clinic how they typically share results and whether you will have a chance to discuss them with a doctor or genetic counselor. Understanding the format ahead of time can reduce anxiety while you wait.

    Questions to ask your clinic about PGT turnaround time

    • What is your average turnaround time for the specific PGT test I need?
    • Is the testing done in-house or sent to an external lab? If external, where is it located?
    • How long does shipping usually take, and who handles it?
    • What is the process if the sample needs to be re-biopsied?
    • How and when will I be notified of the results?
    • Are there any additional costs associated with shipping or repeat testing?
    • Can you provide a written timeline for my case?

    Planning around the wait

    While you wait for PGT results, you may need to plan for medication, travel, or work commitments. Ask your clinic whether you need to stay in Thailand during the waiting period or if you can return home and receive results remotely. If you are traveling from abroad, clarify visa and re-entry requirements with the appropriate authorities. Also consider how you will handle the emotional aspect of waiting—many patients find it helpful to have a support system in place.

    Next steps

    1. Ask your clinic for a personalized timeline based on your treatment plan.
    2. Confirm whether testing is in-house or outsourced, and where.
    3. Clarify how results will be communicated and by whom.
    4. Plan your travel and accommodation with flexibility in case of delays.
    5. Reach out to your clinic if you have not heard back within the estimated timeframe.

    For more information about PGT in Thailand, see our PGT in Thailand guide. You can also browse our FAQ and guides, or contact us with further questions.

    Frequently asked questions

    How long do PGT results take in Thailand?

    Most patients receive results within one to three weeks after the embryo biopsy. However, this is a general range. The exact time depends on the laboratory, the type of PGT test, whether the sample is shipped elsewhere, and your clinic’s reporting process. Your clinic can give you a more specific estimate.

    Does PGT-A take less time than PGT-M?

    Often, yes. PGT-A typically takes one to two weeks, while PGT-M may take two to three weeks or longer because it sometimes requires a custom probe. These are general ranges, and individual labs may differ.

    Can I get PGT results faster if I pay more?

    Some laboratories offer expedited processing for an additional fee, but this is not universal. You would need to ask your clinic whether faster turnaround is available and what it would cost. We cannot confirm specific services or prices.

    What if my PGT results are delayed?

    Delays can happen due to shipping, lab workload, or sample quality issues. If you have not received results within the estimated timeframe, contact your clinic for an update. They can explain the reason for the delay and give you a revised timeline.

    Do I need to stay in Thailand while waiting for PGT results?

    This depends on your treatment plan and your clinic’s policy. Some patients are able to return home and receive results remotely, while others may need to stay for monitoring. Discuss travel plans with your clinic and check visa requirements with the relevant authorities.

    Continue your research

    Medical information notice: This article is educational and does not replace individual assessment, diagnosis, genetic counselling or treatment advice from a licensed clinician. Provider services, availability, fees and policies should be verified directly before booking.